Don Morrison (mountaineer)

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Don Morrison
Don Morrison during the first ascent of Pamshe in the Himalayas in 1975
Born
Donald Kenneth Morrison

(1929-03-19)19 March 1929
Bromley, United Kingdom
Died21 June 1977(1977-06-21) (aged 48)
Karakoram, Himalayas, Pakistan
Known forPioneering climbs, Alpine style climbing,[1] climbing leadership
AwardsACC’s Silver Rope for Excellence in Leadership and Technical Ability (1958)[2]

Donald Kenneth Morrison (19 March 1929 – 21 June 1977) was a British climber and mountaineer. Morrison first became known as a pioneer rock climber in Canada,[2][3][4] then in England's Peak District[5] and he led three expeditions to the Himalayas. He died in 1977 leading an attempt on Latok II peak in the Karakoram.[6]

Early years[edit]

Morrison was born in Bromley, Kent and his family later moved to Sheffield, Yorkshire. While on military service with the RAF Morrison first developed his climbing skills, during travels in the Middle East, including Kurdistan, Turkey and Iraq.[7][8]

Climbing career[edit]

Canada[edit]

During the 1950s Morrison lived in North America. Joining the Alpine Club of Canada (ACC) in 1955, he climbed and guided extensively in the Rockies around Banff and Lake Louise. Among 14 first ascents made in the Rockies, Bugaboos, and Coast Range[7] during this period were Mount Morrison (Alberta, 1955)],[9][10] and Mount Jerram (1957)[11][12] with Canadian climber, Jim Tarrant. In 1955 Morrison and Tarrant made the first ascent of the NE Buttress of Mount Odaray - deemed "one of the most formidable climbs in the country[13][4] with Morrison leading the route:

Chic Scott wrote in Pushing the Limits (2000):

Don Morrison was from Sheffield and had learned his climbing in the bold British tradition. In July of 1955 he persuaded Calgary climber Jim Tarrant to join him in a new route up the 1000 metre-high northeast buttress of Mount Odaray. Their route worked its way up what was described as "...endlessly varied horizontally bedded layers. At its best, vertical handjams in the thicker solid layers, and at its worst, like climbing up china cabinets with the doors open." As they rose higher, the ledges became smaller and smaller, and the belays more and more tenuous. Several overhangs provided the most difficult moves of the climb, and at times it was necessary for Morrison to leave his pack behind, then pull it up afterwards. After eleven hours of continuously difficult climbing they reached the summit. Morrison had led throughout and had never placed a single piton. Although the climbing is still graded 5.7, the climbers modestly described their route only as a "...highly interesting and entertaining climb."[14][15]

In 1958 Morrison was awarded the Alpine Club of Canada's Silver Rope for Excellence in Leadership and Technical Ability.[2]

The Peak District[edit]

After returning to Sheffield, Morrison became a prominent member of the Climbers' Club (CC), Peak Climbing Club and Castle Mountaineering Club. Among his numerous first ascents on Peak District edges were "Blenheim", "Beaufort" (Gardom's Edge), "High Heaven" (Yarncliffe) "S.A.E", "Nova", "Red Wall" Lawrencefield Quarry,[7] Don’s Mantle, Morrison’s Redoubt (Stanage Edge)[16] and Robert.[17][18] He worked alongside CC colleagues Eric Byne, Pete Marks and Paul Nunn on the first Peak District climbing guides.[5][19] Actively involved with the development of outdoor education in the Peak District, he was an Assessor for the Duke of Edinburgh's Award and an instructor for the Outward Bound programs at White Hall.[20][21] Morrison also ran a mountain sports business[5] and became the sponsor of the annual fell race held in Derbyshire now known as the Don Morrison Memorial Edale Skyline Race.[22][23]

1967 Yukon centennial alpine expedition[edit]

In July 1967, Morrison and fellow British climber, Lord John Hunt represented Britain in the Alpine Club of Canada's Centennial Expedition to the Yukon,[24] with Morrison and Hunt among the 11 climbers chosen to be rope leaders. Morrison and his team made the first ascent of Mount Promenade (9,200 ft.),[25][26] north of the Steele Glacier.

The 1971 Yorkshire Himalayan expedition[edit]

Just weeks before departing on a 1971 expedition to climb Gasherbrum III,[27] then the highest unclimbed mountain in the world, Morrison learned from the Pakistan Government that permission to climb the mountain at that time was impossible, but he had instead been granted permission to climb Baintha Brakk (23,090 ft.), another unattempted peak rising above the North side of the Biafo Glacier, in the Himalayas’ Karakoram range.[28] One of the Karakoram's steepest, craggiest mountains, this formidable peak was already widely known as the ‘Ogre’, after the accounts of British explorer Martin Conway.[29]

Morrison's eight-man team also comprised: John Gregory, Gordon Hibberd, Ullah (Bill) Hidayat (Deputy Leader and team doctor), David Marshall, John Rousseau, Clive Rowland and Trevor Wright.[30] As ongoing war and political conflict had blocked access to this part of the Himalayas for over a decade, Morrison and his team would be the first mountaineers since the 1950s[31] to enter this area with some of the world's highest and most challenging unclimbed mountains. The expedition had the patronage of Lord John Hunt, and the support of the Royal Geographical Society and Mount Everest Foundation.[32]

Departing 1 May 1971, the team travelled overland from Sheffield to Pakistan. Their flight to Skardu was followed by a further 100 miles by jeep and on foot to Askole, before they reached their first camp at the Biafo Glacier.[28]

While the team's reconnoitres of the Ogre found a feasible route, deteriorating monsoon weather and porter strikes meant they were unable to get above 17,500 ft. Before departing the area, they made the first ascent of a nearby peak, Mount Razaqi (18,320 ft.).[33]

The 1975 Yorkshire Karakoram expedition[edit]

After gaining permission to lead a second attempt on the Ogre, Morrison mounted an all-British team consisting of Pat Fearnehough, Ted Howard, Peter Jennings, Alan Burke and Dr John Minors.[34] This time the expedition's porters went on strike just after being issued boots and goggles at the snow line of the Biafo Glacier. On limited resources, Morrison and team paid off the porters, extracting an agreement they would return for the walk out. The team then continued their advance up the glacier, but it became clear that carrying their loads of equipment to Base Camp would not be completed in time to continue their attempt on the Ogre.[35]

Establishing an alternative Base Camp at Ho Bluk, the team instead made two alpine style first ascents: ‘PaJo’ (19,000 ft.) by Fearnehough and Minors, and ‘PamShe’ (c. 21,000 ft.) by Morrison and Howard.[36][34]

Latok II, 1977[edit]

Morrison planned to lead his third expedition to the Ogre in 1977, but learned the Pakistan government had already granted permission to Doug Scott.[37] While Morrison was deeply disappointed,[38] he accepted the alternative peak offered by the Pakistan government, and in May 1977, departed with his expedition members Pat Fearnehough, Pat Green, Paul Nunn and Tony Riley[8][37][5] for an attempt on the then unconquered Latok II (23,300 ft)[8][1][5][37] lying just to the east of the Ogre[39]

The first expedition into the Karakoram that year,[38] the team established their Base Camp on 1 June near the Uzun Brakk glacier.[38] Further camps were established below the slopes leading to the west ridge col and, after a delay by bad weather, by 20 June upon the west and east ends of that col.[40] Climbing in separate parties over several days, the team climbed several sections above the col, reaching their highest point on 25 June 1977,[40] reported as being about 2'000 feet below the summit.[41]

While making a night-time return to Advance Base with Riley, after loading up with supplies and equipment, Morrison fell through a snow bridge into a deep crevasse on the Latok glacier.[40][8][5][37] Despite repeated attempts, it proved impossible to reach him.[40]

Before leaving the Karakoram to begin their return to the UK, the team built a memorial to their friend and expedition leader;[42] situated at the branching of the Uzan Brakk and Latok glaciers, Morrison's rock cairn stands opposite PamShe peak, ‘commanding a magnificent view of the South West face of Latok II and the South face of the Ogre.’[23][43]

Bibliography[edit]

  • Byne, Eric (1966). High Peak. United Kingdom: Martin Secker & Warburg Ltd. pp. 201–202. ISBN 978-0436079009.
  • Scott, Chic (2000). Pushing the limits: the story of Canadian mountaineering. Rocky Mountain Books Ltd. pp. 169–170. ISBN 0-921102-59-3 – via Internet Archive.
  • Byne, Eric (1970). The Sheffield-Stanage Area (Rock Climbs in The Peak Series) Volume One. Climbers' Club for The Peak Committee of the British Moutaineering Council. pp. 169–170. ASIN B001Q9ACI4.
  • McDonald, Pete (1970). The Story of Whitehall Centre. McDonald, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand. p. 250. ISBN 9780473425272 – via Google Books.
  • Nunn, Paul J. (1974). The Kinder Guide. British Mountaineering Council. ISBN 978-0903908108.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Clark Herron (4 July 1978). "Return to the Peak of Death". Sheffield Star. United Kingdom. p. 4. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018 – via castlemountaineering.com.
  2. ^ a b c Silver Rope for Leadership Award - Alpine Club of Canada, Alpine Club of Canada, archived from the original on 18 January 2018, retrieved 18 January 2018
  3. ^ Scott 2000, p. 167.
  4. ^ a b Selters, Andy (2004). Ways to the Sky: A Historical Guide to North American Mountaineering. The American Alpine Club Press, Golden, Colorado. p. 149. ISBN 0-930410-83-1.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Unsworth, Walt (August 1977), Unsworth, Walt (ed.), "Obituary: Don Morrison", Climber and Rambler, Holmes MacDougall: 23
  6. ^ "Climber killed", The Observer, p. 15, 17 July 1997, retrieved 19 January 2018 – via newspapers.com(subscription required)
  7. ^ a b c Byne 1966, p. 201.
  8. ^ a b c d Brannigan, Colin, ed. (4 July 1977). "Sheffield Star". No. 28. p. 1.
  9. ^ "Mount Morrison Alberta", bivouac.com, archived from the original on 17 January 2018, retrieved 17 January 2018
  10. ^ Morrison, D. K. (May 1956), Munday, Phyllis (ed.), "First Ascent of Mt. Morrison (9,000 FT.)", Canadian Alpine Journal, XXXIX, Alpine Club of Canada: 85
  11. ^ "Mount Jerram Alberta", bivouac.com, archived from the original on 17 January 2018, retrieved 17 January 2018
  12. ^ Morrison, Don; Tarrant, Jim (May 1958), Munday, Phyllis (ed.), "First Ascent of Mt. Jerram", Canadian Alpine Journal, XLI, Alpine Club of Canada: 65
  13. ^ Mountaineering & Climbing Timeline: 1950-1959, Alberta Sports Hall of Fame and Museum, retrieved 17 January 2018, In 1955, British climber Don Morrison and Calgarian Jim Tarrant put up a new route on the 1000-metre high northeast buttress of Mount Odaray. It is deemed "one of the most formidable climbs in the country."
  14. ^ Scott 2000, p. 187.
  15. ^ Scott 2000, p. 168-169.
  16. ^ Byne 1970, p. 112.
  17. ^ Nunn 1974, p. 27.
  18. ^ Nunn 1974, p. 46.
  19. ^ Byne 1970, p. 5.
  20. ^ McDonald 1970, p. 250.
  21. ^ History of White Hall, Derbyshire County Council, archived from the original on 18 January 2018, retrieved 18 January 2018
  22. ^ Sender, D., "Favourites fail to flourish" (PDF), The Fellrunner (June 1992), The Fell Runners Association: 27, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2018, retrieved 18 January 2018, The race is named for mountain equipment supplier Don Morrison who sponsored the race at its interception in 1974 but sadly died in a climbing accident in 1977.
  23. ^ a b Fearnehough, Patrick L. (1977), "Obituary, Don Morrison" (PDF), The Climbers' Club Journal (99), Climbers' Club: 62, archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2018, retrieved 19 January 2018
  24. ^ Morton, Donald (July 2017), Martel, Lynn (ed.), "The 1968 Yukon Alpine Centennial Expedition", The Alpine Club of Canada Summer Gazette, 32 (2), Alpine Club of Canada: 18, retrieved 18 January 2018
  25. ^ Fisher, David R. (1968), "North America, Canada, Yukon Territory, Mount Steele, Wood and Walsh and Other Climbs Made from the General Camp of the Yukon Alpine Centennial Expedition", American Alpine Journal, American Alpine Club, archived from the original on 18 January 2018, retrieved 18 January 2018
  26. ^ Morrison, D.K. (1968). Rogers, Nigel (ed.). "Canadian Alpine Centennial Expedition". The Climbers Club Journal. 93. XV. Climbers' Club: 309–317.
  27. ^ Bishop, James (27 February 1971), "In training", The Illustrated London News, 258 (6865), London: The Illustrated London News and Sketch Ltd: 10, archived from the original on 14 April 2010, retrieved 24 February 2018
  28. ^ a b Hides, Michael, ed. (1 May 1971). "Sheffield Telegraph". United Kingdom. p. 10.
  29. ^ Conway, William Martin (2001). Climbing and exploration in the Karakoram-Himalayas. Indus Publishing. p. 274. ISBN 81-7387-122-1 – via Google Books.
  30. ^ "Sheffield Star". United Kingdom. 21 May 2014.
  31. ^ Bishop, James (1 October 1977), "The Attempt on Latok II", The Illustrated London News, 265 (6951), London: The Illustrated London News and Sketch Ltd: 57, retrieved 25 February 2018
  32. ^ Scholes, Gerry (6 February 1971). "Sheffield Spectator". United Kingdom: Illustrated County Magazine Group Ltd.
  33. ^ Morrison, Don (1972), "Asia, Pakistan, Ogre, Karakoram", American Alpine Journal, American Alpine Club, archived from the original on 19 January 2018, retrieved 19 January 2018
  34. ^ a b Morrison, Don (1976), Wilson, Ken; O'Connor, Bill (eds.), "New Climbs and Notes" (PDF), The Climbers Club Journal (98), Climbers' Club: 63, archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2018
  35. ^ Rowell, Galen A.; Schaller, George B. (1986). In the Throne Room of the Mountain Gods. Random House, Inc. p. 303. ISBN 0-87156-764-4.
  36. ^ Morrison, Don (1976), "Asia, Pakistan, Peaks above the Biafo Glacier", American Alpine Journal, American Alpine Club, archived from the original on 19 January 2018, retrieved 19 January 2018
  37. ^ a b c d Robinson, Peggie (5 July 1977). "Daily Express". United Kingdom.
  38. ^ a b c Nunn, Paul (1978), "A Hundred Days in the Himalaya part 1 Latok II" (PDF), The Alpine Journal, The Alpine Club: 115, archived from the original (PDF) on 17 January 2018, retrieved 17 January 2018
  39. ^ Zoom Earth (Map). Cartography by NASA. Earthstar Geographics.
  40. ^ a b c d Nunn, Paul (1978), "Asia, Pakistan, Latok II Tragedy", American Alpine Journal, American Alpine Club, archived from the original on 19 January 2018, retrieved 19 January 2018, As expected support did not materialize, Fearnehough returned to Base to find that Don Morrison had been killed on the night of June 21 in a midnight fall into a crevasse. He had been coming up with Riley to join the push up the ridge with a considerable load. Frozen conditions had allowed rapid unroped progress up the path below Camp I. Don attempted to cross a snow bridge and fell through. Green and I pressed on in ignorance of the tragedy until forced to retire by lack of supplies on June 26.
  41. ^ Whetstone, Keith (16 July 1997), "British climber in death plunge", Coventry Evening Telegraph, p. 1, retrieved 25 February 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive(subscription required)
  42. ^ Bonington, Chris (2017). "A Second Chance". The Everest Years. The challenge of the world's highest mountain. Vertebrate Publishing. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-911342-47-2 – via Google Books.
  43. ^ Fearnehough, Pat (1978), Sullivan, Terry (ed.), "The Attempt on Latok II" (PDF), The Fell and Rock Journal, XXIII (66), Fell & Rock Climbing Club: 7–11, archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2018, retrieved 19 January 2018
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