Cleeve Toot
 | |
| Location | near Cleeve and Nailsea |
|---|---|
| Region | Somerset, England |
| Coordinates | 51°23′14″N 2°46′23″W / 51.38722°N 2.77306°W |
| Type | univallate hill fort |
| History | |
| Periods | Iron Age |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | destroyed |
Cleeve Toot is an Iron Age univallate hillfort above Goblin Combe, Cleeve, Somerset, England. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.[1]
It is a roughly oval settlement which is approximately 125 metres (410 ft) in length by 90 metres (300 ft) in breadth. Approximately 150 metres (490 ft) to the north is another, smaller settlement. They are thought to have been a satellite community of nearby Cadbury Hill[2]
Pits have been found at the site indicating the presence of round houses.[3] There is a single stone rampart with a broad shallow outer ditch. There is also a prehistoric or Roman field system.[1]
Background[edit]
Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC.[4] The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people.[5] Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated "[the forts] provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress [of an increasing population] burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn't see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".[6]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Cleeve Toot Camp". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
- ^ "Cleeve Toot Settlement". Ancient Settlement in England in Somerset. Megalithic Portal. Retrieved 25 December 2010.
- ^ "Four enclosures on Broadfield Down, North Somerset" (PDF). North Somerset Historic Environment Record. Yatton, Congresbury, Claverham and Cleeve Archaeological Research Team (YCCCART). Retrieved 9 August 2017.
- ^ Payne, Andrew; Corney, Mark; Cunliffe, Barry (2007), The Wessex Hillforts Project: Extensive Survey of Hillfort Interiors in Central Southern England, English Heritage, p. 1, ISBN 978-1-873592-85-4
- ^ Sharples, Niall M (1991), English Heritage Book of Maiden Castle, London: B. T. Batsford, pp. 71–72, ISBN 0-7134-6083-0
- ^ Time Team: Swords, skulls and strongholds, Channel 4, 19 May 2008, retrieved 16 September 2009
- "Cleeve Toot". Megalithic Portal.
