Arthur T. Mosher
Arthur Theodore Mosher | |
|---|---|
| Born | October 4, 1910 Ames, Iowa, U.S. |
| Died | September 27, 1992 (aged 81) |
| Alma mater | |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | |
| Institutions | |
Arthur Theodore Mosher (October 4, 1910 – September 27, 1992), was an American agriculture development specialist who was the president of the Agricultural Development Council and the Principal of the Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (at the time it was called Allahabad Agricultural Institute) in India.[1]
Early life and work
[edit]Mosher was originally from Ames, Iowa, receiving his bachelor's and master's degrees in agriculture and agriculture economics from the University of Illinois and a doctorate in economics from the University of Chicago.[1] In the 1930s he served on a Presbyterian Church mission to India.[1]
He returned to India and became principal of the school which would later be named Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences.[1] The school credits him with leading during a time of major expansion[2] and the introduction of "Jamuna Par Punar yojna", the extension project of recruiting workers at the village level.[2]
He began working for the Agricultural Development Council and became both the executive director (1957 to 1967) and president (1967 to 1973).[1] While Mosher was head of the Council of Economic and Cultural Affairs division of the ADC, he continued a practice of his predecessor in exercising "considerable censorship" over the texts the organization approved to be delivered to extension offices throughout the world, eliminating many requests for books on social and cultural topics.[3]
Getting Agriculture Moving
[edit]In 1965, while Director of CECA-ADC, he wrote Getting Agriculture Moving: essentials for development and modernization which was translated into many languages and promoted a "modernization theory"[3] which typified the aid approach of the time.[4] In his writing, Mosher identified five components necessary for successful rural and agricultural development, which was by 1987 "particularly influential" in promoting a "systems analysis" approach to development that recognizes complex interactions.[5] The framework developed from a series of individual papers.[5]
The five components that Mosher identified as necessary for development were:
- a market for the products,
- adaptability to changing technologies,
- locally available inputs such as equipment and supplies,
- increasing the quality and amount of agricultural land,
- the existence of a national plan to support agricultural development.[5]
The title of the work was adopted by Peter Timmer for his work Getting Agriculture Moving: Do Market's Send the Right signals?[6] Timmer[7] and others[8] place Mosher's focus on "getting agriculture moving" as appropriate for the first of four phases of development.
Personal life
[edit]Mosher was married to Alice (née Wynne Hall) and together they had four children, Anne, William, Ted, and Richard.[1] Mosher lived in Ithaca, New York for several years before moving to Black Mountain, North Carolina where he died in 1992.[1]
Awards
[edit]- Presidential World Without Hunger Award (1984)[1]
- American Agricultural Economics Association - Fellow (1976)[1]
Selected bibliography
[edit]- Getting Agriculture Moving: essentials for development and modernization
- Training manual for group study of Getting agriculture moving
- Selected readings to accompany Getting agriculture moving, co authored with Raymond Borton
- Case Studies to Accompany Getting Agriculture Moving, co authored with Borton
- Getting agriculture moving; how modern farming can provide a better life, co authored with Deborah Homes
- Technical co-operation in Latin-American agriculture
- Serving agriculture as an administrator
- An introduction to agricultural extension
- Images of development : theirs and ours
- The story of Ram Lal, God's partner; the meaning and application of Christianity to village life
- Source book of rural missions. Volume 1, Selected readings, contributor
- This is India
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i Lee A. Daniels. "Arthur Mosher, 82, International Expert On Agricultural Aid". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-11-22.
- ^ a b SHIATS. "SHIATS: History". Sam Higginbottom Institute. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- ^ a b Hadiz, Vedi R.; Dhakidae, Daniel (2005). Social Science and Power in Indonesia. Equinox Publishing. pp. 114–. ISBN 9789793780016. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, Colin H.; Clarke, Ron; Polidano, Charles (2002). Handbook on Development Policy and Management. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 79–. ISBN 9781840641424. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ^ a b c Cohen, John M. (1987). Integrated Rural Development: The Ethiopian Experience and the Debate. Nordic Africa Institute. pp. 21–37 and 229. ISBN 9789171062673. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ^ Rothenberg, Winifred Barr (1992-11-15). From Market-Places to a Market Economy: The Transformation of Rural Massachusetts, 1750-1850. University of Chicago Press. pp. 216–. ISBN 9780226729534. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ^ Timmer, Peter (1998-10-22). John M. Staatz & Carl K. Eicher (ed.). International Agricultural Development. JHU Press. pp. 71–. ISBN 9780801858796. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ^ Chenery, Hollis Burnley; Srinivasan, T. N. (Thirukodikaval Nilakanta (1988). Handbook of Development Economics: Volume I. Elsevier. pp. 280–. ISBN 9780444703378. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
