Apertochrysa
| Apertochrysa | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Neuroptera |
| Family: | Chrysopidae |
| Subfamily: | Chrysopinae |
| Tribe: | Chrysopini |
| Genus: | Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966 |
| Diversity | |
| 183 described species | |
| Synonyms[1][2] | |
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Apertochrysa is a genus of green lacewings in the family Chrysopidae. There are 183 described species in the genus.[2]
Taxonomy[edit]
This genus was originally described in 1990 by Xing-ke Yang and Chi-kun Yang under the name of Navasius. The name was a junior homonym of Navasius Esben-Petersen, 1936, a species of antlion, so a replacement name of Dichochrysa was proposed by Yang in 1991.[3] However, a ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature instead maintained priority of the name Pseudomallada Tsukaguchi, 1995, thereby renaming the species previously described under the name of Dichochrysa.[1] Further taxonomic work in 2021 by Breitkreuz, Duelli, and Oswald synonymized those genera under Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966.[2]
Distribution[edit]
Apertochrysa is a subcosmopolitan genus.[2] The majority[clarification needed] of species are known from the Palearctic region, particularly from the continents of Asia and Africa.[4]
Species[edit]
The following 183 species are currently classified under Apertochrysa:[2]
- A. abdominalis (Brauer, 1856)
- A. aegyptiaca (Navás, 1915)
- A. afghanica (Hölzel, 1973)
- A. alarconi (Navás, 1915)
- A. albofrontata (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
- A. alcestes (Banks, 1911)
- A. alliumolens (Hölzel et al., 1997)
- A. allochroma (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
- A. alviolata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
- A. amseli (Hölzel, 1980)
- A. ancistroidea (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
- A. angustivittata (Dong et al., 2004)
- A. anomala (Tillyard, 1917)
- A. arabica (Hölzel, 1995)
- A. arcuata (Dong et al., 2004)
- A. ariadne (Hölzel, 1978)
- A. aromatica (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
- A. aspersa (Wesmael, 1841)
- A. astur (Banks, 1937)
- A. atrosparsa (Tjeder, 1966)
- A. australis (New, 1980)
- A. barkamana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
- A. baronissa (Navás, 1921)
- A. basuto (Tjeder, 1966)
- A. benedictae (Séméria, 1976)
- A. bibens (Hölzel et al., 1997)
- A. birungana (Navás, 1924)
- A. brachychela (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
- A. budongensis (Hölzel, 2001)
- A. caffer (Tjeder, 1966)
- A. carinata (Dong et al., 2004)
- A. chailensis (Ghosh, 1977)
- A. chaoi (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
- A. chlorella (Navás, 1914)
- A. chloris (Schneider, 1851)
- A. choui (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
- A. clathrata (Schneider, 1845)
- A. cognatella (Okamoto, 1914)
- A. collartina (Navás, 1932)
- A. congolana (Navás, 1911)
- A. cordata (X.-x. Wang & C.-k. Yang, 1992)
- A. cyprina (Navás, 1932)
- A. decaryna (Navás, 1924)
- A. decolor (Navás, 1914)
- A. decolor (Navás, 1936) (unreplaced junior homonym)
- A. deqenana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
- A. derbendica (Hölzel, 1967)
- A. deserta (Navás, 1912)
- A. diaphana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
- A. dubia (Hölzel 1973)
- A. duplicata (Navás, 1934)
- A. edwardsi (Banks, 1940)
- A. epunctata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
- A. eremita (Kimmins, 1955)
- A. estriata (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
- A. eumorpha (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
- A. eurydera (Navás, 1910)
- A. fanjingana (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1988)
- A. flammefrontata (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
- A. flavifrons (Brauer, 1851)
- A. flavinotala (Dong et al., 2004)
- A. flexuosa (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
- A. forcipata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1993)
- A. formosana (Matsumura, 1910)
- A. fortunata (McLachlan, 1882)
- A. fuscineura (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
- A. genei (Rambur, 1842)
- A. gradata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1993)
- A. granadensis (Pictet, 1865)
- A. gravesi (Navás, 1926)
- A. gunvorae (Tjeder, 1966)
- A. hadimensis (Canbulat & Kiyak, 2005)
- A. hainana (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
- A. hamata (Tjeder, 1966)
- A. handschini (Navás, 1929)
- A. healdi (Navás, 1926)
- A. hespera (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
- A. heudei (Navás, 1934)
- A. hospitalis (Hölzel & Ohm, 1995)
- A. huashanensis (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
- A. hubeiana (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1990)
- A. iberica (Navás, 1903)
- A. ifranina (Navás, 1936)
- A. ignea (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
- A. illota (Navás, 1908)
- A. incongrua (Fraser, 1951)
- A. incrassata (Tjeder, 1966)
- A. ingae (Tjeder, 1966)
- A. iniqua (Navás, 1931)
- A. inopinata (Hölzel & Ohm, 1995)
- A. inornata (Navás, 1901)
- A. irrorella (Navás, 1936)
- A. jiuzhaigouana (X.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang in X.-k. Yang et al., 2005)
- A. joannisi (Navás, 1910)
- A. karooensis (Hölzel, 1993)
- A. kiangsuensis (Navás, 1934)
- A. kibonotoensis (van der Weele, 1910)
- A. kinnaurensis (Gosh, 1977)
- A. leai (Tillyard, 1917)
- A. lii (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
- A. longwangshana (X.-k. Yang, 1998)
- A. lophophora (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
- A. luaboensis (Tjeder, 1966)
- A. luctuosa (Banks, 1911)
- A. macleodi (Adams and Garland, 1983)
- A. maghrebina (Hölzel & Ohm, 1984)
- A. makrana (Hölzel, 1966)
- A. mangkangensis (Dong et al., 2004)
- A. marchionissa (Navás, 1915)
- A. mauriciana (Hölzel & Ohm, 1991)
- A. mediata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1993)
- A. medogana (C.-k. Yang et al. in Huang et al., 1988)
- A. melanopis (Navás, 1914)
- A. militaris (Hölzel & Ohm, 2000)
- A. mira (Hölzel, 1973)
- A. namibensis (Hölzel, 1993)
- A. nautarum (Tillyard, 1917)
- A. nicolaina (Navás, 1929)
- A. nigra (McLachlan, 1869)
- A. nigricornuta (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
- A. norfolkensis (Tillyard, 1917)
- A. nubilata (Navás, 1910)
- A. nyassalandica (Navás, 1914)
- A. oralis (Navás, 1914)
- A. parabola (Okamoto, 1919)
- A. perfecta (Banks, 1895)
- A. perpallida (Tjeder, 1966)
- A. pervenosa (Tjeder, 1966)
- A. phantosula (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
- A. phlebia (Navas, 1927)
- A. physophlebia (Navas, 1914)
- A. picteti (McLachlan, 1880)
- A. pieli (Navás, 1931)
- A. pilinota (Dong et al., 2004)
- A. prasina (Burmeister, 1839)
- A. pulchrina (Tjeder, 1966)
- A. puncticollis (Banks, 1940)
- A. punctilabris (McLachlan, 1894)
- A. punctithorax (New, 1980)
- A. qingchengshana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
- A. qinlingensis (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
- A. raedarii (Hölzel & Ohm, 2000)
- A. rothschildi (Navás, 1915)
- A. rubicunda (Hölzel, 1993)
- A. rubra (Hölzel et al., 1994)
- A. sana (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
- A. sansibarica (Kolbe, 1897)
- A. selenia (Navás, 1912)
- A. sensitiva (Tjeder, 1940)
- A. setosa (Hölzel & Ohm, 1995)
- A. sierra (Banks, 1924)
- A. spadix (Hölzel, 1988)
- A. spissinervis (Tjeder, 1966)
- A. subcostalis (McLachlan, 1882)
- A. subcubitalis (Navás, 1901)
- A. subflavifrons (Tjeder, 1949)
- A. sybaritica (McLachlan in Fedchenko, 1875)
- A. tacta (Navás, 1921)
- A. teiresias (Hölzel & Ohm, 1982)
- A. triactinata (New, 1980)
- A. triangularis (Adams, 1978)
- A. triangularis (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1994) (unreplaced junior homonym)
- A. tridentata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
- A. truncatata (X.-k. Yang et al. in X.-k. Yang et al., 2005)
- A. umbrosa (Navás, 1914)
- A. ussuriensis (Makarkin, 1985)
- A. varians (Kimmins, 1959)
- A. venosa (Rambur, 1838)
- A. venosella (Esben-Petersen, 1920)
- A. ventralis (Curtis, 1834)
- A. venusta (Hölzel, 1974)
- A. verna (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
- A. viridifrons (Hölzel & Ohm, 1999)
- A. vitticlypea (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1990)
- A. waitei (Tillyard, 1917)
- A. wangi (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
- A. wuchangana (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1990)
- A. xiamenana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
- A. yangi (X.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang in X.-k. Yang et al., 2005)
- A. yunnana (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1994)
- A. yuxianensis (Bian & Li, 1992)
- A. zelleri (Schneider, 1851)
- A. zulu (Tjeder, 1966)
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Opinion 2254 (Case 3399) Dichochrysa Yang, 1991 (Insecta, Neuroptera): generic name not conserved". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 67 (3): 261–262. 2010. doi:10.21805/bzn.v67i3.a4. S2CID 80717626.
- ^ a b c d e Breitkreuz, Laura; Duelli, Peter; Oswald, John D. (2021). "Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966, a new senior synonym of Pseudomallada Tsukaguchi, 1995 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae: Chrysopini)". Zootaxa. 4966 (2): 215–225. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.8. PMID 34186621. S2CID 235505041.
- ^ Xingke, Yang (1994). "The revision on species of genus Dichochrysa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from China". Entomotaxonomia. 17 (Suppl): 26–34. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
- ^ Kang-zhen, Dong; Li Wen-zhu; Cui Jun-zhi; Yang Xing-ke (2004). "Three new species of Dichochrysa (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from China, with a checkist of Chinese Dichochrysa" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 52 (1): 67–74. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
Further reading[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pseudomallada.
- Brooks, S. J.; Barnard, Peter C. (1990). "The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 59 (2): 117–286. ISSN 0524-6431.
- New, T. R. (1975). "The biology of Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera), with reference to their usage as biocontrol agents: a review". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 127 (2): 115–140. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1975.tb00561.x.
- Penny, Norman D.; Adans, Phillip A.; Stange, Lionel A. (1997). "Species catalog of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of America north of Mexico". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Fourth Series. 50: 39–114.