Apera

Apera
	Apera spica-venti
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Pooideae
Supertribe:	Poodae
Tribe:	Poeae
Subtribe:	Ventenatinae
Genus:	Apera; Adans.
Type species
	Apera spica-venti; (L.) P. Beauv.
Synonyms
	Anemagrostis Trin.;

Apera is a small genus of annual grasses,^[5] known commonly as silkybent grass or windgrass. They are native to Europe, North Africa and parts of Asia but have been introduced and naturalized in much of North and South America.^[4]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Species^[4]^[9]^[10]^[11]

Apera baytopiana Dogan - Muğla Province in southwestern Turkey
Apera intermedia Hack. - Turkey, Aegean Islands, Iraq, Iran, Caucasus; naturalized in Primorye
Apera interrupta (L.) P.Beauv. - dense silkybent, interrupted windgrass - Eurasia and North Africa from Portugal to Sweden to Algeria to Kazakhstan; naturalized in Argentina, Chile, United States, Canada
Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv. - loose silkybent, common windgrass - Eurasia and North Africa from Canary Islands to Denmark to Yakutia; naturalized in United States, Canada, and Russian Far East
Apera triaristata Dogan - Denizli Province in southwestern Turkey

formerly included^[4]

see Agrostis Anemanthele Dichelachne Muhlenbergia Sporobolus

Apera arundinacea - Anemanthele lessoniana
Apera aspera - Sporobolus compositus
Apera crinita - Dichelachne crinita
Apera liebmannii - Agrostis liebmannii
Apera palustris - Agrostis stolonifera
Apera procumbens - Agrostis stolonifera
Apera purpurascens - Anemanthele lessoniana
Apera tenuiflora - Muhlenbergia tenuiflora

References[edit]

^ Adanson, Michel 1763. Familles des Plantes 2: 495 in French
^ Tropicos, Apera Adans.
^ early 19th-Century illustration of Apera spica-venti from http://www.illustratedgarden.org/mobot/rarebooks/page.asp?relation=QK495F19H671801V3&identifier=0165 Title: Icones et descriptiones Graminum austriacorum Author(s): Host, Nikolaus Thomas Schmidt, A Ibmayer, J Publisher: Vindobonae : A. Schmidt, 1801-1809.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). "The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references". The Grass Genera of the World. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
^ Cabi, E. & M. Doğan. 2012. Poaceae. 690–756. In A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural & M. T. Babaç (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, Istanbul
^ Jepson Manual Treatment
^ United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile
^ The Plant List search for Apera
^ Biota of North America 2013 county distribution maps
^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Apera

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[1] Adanson, Michel 1763. Familles des Plantes 2: 495 in French

[2] Tropicos, Apera Adans.

[3] rly 19th-Century illustration of Apera spica-venti from http://www.illustratedgarden.org/mobot/rarebooks/page.asp?relation=QK495F19H671801V3&identifier=0165 Title: Icones et descriptiones Graminum austriacorum Author(s): Host, Nikolaus Thomas Schmidt, A Ibmayer, J Publisher: Vindobonae : A. Schmidt, 1801-1809.

[f-4] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[5] Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). "The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references". The Grass Genera of the World. Retrieved 2009-08-19.

[6] Cabi, E. & M. Doğan. 2012. Poaceae. 690–756. In A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural & M. T. Babaç (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, Istanbul

[7] Jepson Manual Treatment

[8] United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile

[9] The Plant List search for Apera

[10] Biota of North America 2013 county distribution maps

[11] Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Apera

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See also[edit]

References[edit]