2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation

Coordinates: 40°48′27″N 73°57′43″W / 40.80750°N 73.96194°W / 40.80750; -73.96194
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See also: 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses

2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation
Part of the Israel-Hamas war protests in the United States, 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses and student activism at Columbia University
A scene of the reinstated campus encampment, several days after the NYPD arrested students and removed the first encampment.
DateApril 17–30, 2024
(1 week and 6 days)
Location
Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States

40°48′27″N 73°57′43″W / 40.80750°N 73.96194°W / 40.80750; -73.96194
Caused by
Goals
Methods
Resulted inProtestors suppressed
  • NYPD raids campus and set to occupy it until May 17
  • Student participants suspended
  • Columbia University maintains financial ties with Israel
Parties

Local authorities:

Pro-Israel counterprotestors:

  • StandWithUs
  • New York Hostage and Missing Families Forum
  • Smaller groups of counterprotestors
Lead figures

Protesters and organizers

Casualties
Injuries
  • Multiple protesters exposed to tear gas
  • Multiple protestors hospitalized (per SJP)[1]
Arrested232 protestors arrested[nb 1]

A series of occupation protests by pro-Palestinian students occurred at Columbia University in New York City in April 2024, in the context of the broader Israel-Hamas war related protests in the United States. The protests began on April 17, 2024, when pro-Palestinian students established an encampment of approximately 50 tents, calling it the Gaza Solidarity Encampment,[2][3] on the university's campus, demanding the university divest from Israel. The encampment was forcibly dismantled the next day when university president Minouche Shafik authorized the New York City Police Department (NYPD) to enter the campus and conduct mass arrests.[3][4] A new encampment was built the next day. When negotiations on divestment failed, protesters broke into and occupied Hamilton Hall,[5] leading to a second NYPD raid, the arrest of more than 100 protestors and the dismantling of the camp.[6] The arrests marked the first time Columbia allowed police to suppress campus protests since the 1968 demonstrations against the Vietnam War.[7]

As a result of the protests, Columbia University switched to blended learning (incorporating more online learning) for the rest of the semester.[8] The protests encouraged other actions at multiple universities. There have been a number of incidents described as antisemitism during the protests.[9] Organizers have said they were from outside agitators and non-students.[10] Pro-Palestinian Jewish protestors have said that the protests were not antisemitic.[11]

Background

Israel–Hamas war demonstrations at Columbia University

A vigil for Israel at Columbia University in October 2023
A group of pro-Palestinian protesters outside Columbia University in April 2024
Further information: Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States and Student activism at Columbia University

Pro-Palestinian and pro-Israel students have staged demonstrations at Columbia University during the Israel–Hamas war.[12] Pro-Palestinian activists at Columbia have said that their movement is anti-Zionist,[13] and protests at Columbia have been organized by anti-Zionist groups.[14]

On October 12, 2023, the university closed its campus after opposing demonstrations collided.[15] In November 2023, the administration suspended Students for Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voice for Peace after they held an unauthorized student walkout, furthering conflicts between faculty and administration; the university claimed that one person at the event shouted anti-Semitic epithets.[16] That same month, students walked out of a class taught by Hillary Clinton after she made remarks opposing a ceasefire.[17]

In January 2024, students at a pro-Palestinian demonstration on campus were sprayed with a chemical that they alleged to be Skunk, a foul-smelling spray usually used as crowd control by the Israel Defense Forces, causing various injuries.[18][19][20] In response, demonstrators organized a protest outside the university.[21] The New York City Police Department announced that it would investigate the event as a potential hate crime.[22] SJP and JVP published a report stating that the perpetrators were former IDF soldiers and current Columbia students.[18] In April, one of the perpetrators, who had been suspended the previous month, sued the university under the pseudonym John Doe, claiming that he had actually sprayed non-toxic "gag gift" fart sprays he had purchased from Amazon, adding that he was doxxed in retaliation by pro-Palestine students.[23][24]

In March 2024, students held an unauthorized "Resistance 101" event. University administration hired a private investigation firm to investigate the event and suspended four students for hosting it.[25]

The encampment

At the entrance to the encampment on Columbia's east lawn was posted "Gaza Solidarity Encampment Community Guidelines". Some of these guidelines were to not take pictures of people without their permission, not to use drugs or alcohol in the encampment, and not to engage with counter-protesters. Speaking to the press was allowed only between 2 and 4 pm. Other signs on the perimeter said "Demilitarize education" and "Globalize the Intifada". Students created their own chants and passed out flyers that read "Do you feel safe sending your child to a school which gives up its students to the police?"[26] There was a buffet-style meal service with abundant food.[27]

Student protesters called on Columbia to financially divest from any company with business ties to the Israeli government, including Lockheed Martin, Microsoft, Google, and Amazon.[28]

Participants

The campus occupation was organized by Columbia University Apartheid Divest (CUAD), a student-led coalition of over 120 groups,[29] together with Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) and Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP), which have often participated in New York City's pro-Palestinian demonstrations since the October 2023 start of the Israel–Hamas war.[30] Local group Within Our Lifetime (WOL) organized protests around the campus perimeter in support of the encampment, clashing with the NYPD.[31][32][33]

Other groups protesting outside campus included Neturei Karta, a Jewish anti-Zionist sect,[34][35][36][37] Uptown for Palestine,[38] and a coalition composed of Palestinian Youth Movement, The People's Forum, ANSWER Coalition, and the Palestinian Assembly for Liberation-Awda.[39][40][41]

Much smaller groups of pro-Israel counterprotesters were also present outside the university.[7] However, an April 26 march outside campus organized by StandWithUs and right-wing Christian Zionists did draw a crowd of hundreds of people.[42]

Timeline

April 17–21

On April 17, beginning around 4 am,[43] about 70 protesters sat in tents bearing the Palestinian flag on the East Butler Lawn.[44] Protesters put up banners reading "Gaza Solidarity Encampment" and "Liberated Zone".[3] A substantial NYPD presence was noted outside the university as soon as the encampment was established.[33] Activity in the encampment included a teach-in and film screening.[3] That morning, at about 10 am, Columbia University president Minouche Shafik testified before the House Committee on Education and the Workforce, an event that had been planned weeks before.[45] She had previously been invited to attend the November 2023 United States Congress hearing on antisemitism but had declined, citing a scheduling conflict.

NYPD during their arrests of aproximately 100 students who remained inside the original East Lawn encampment. A crowd of protesters and bystanding students surrounds them.
NYPD cleaning the original encampment on the East Lawn, shortly after the arrests.

The next day, the Shafik-authorized[46] New York City Police Department Strategic Response Group[47] entered the encampment to arrest protesters[48] as Columbia University employees cleared the tents.[49] CUAD (Columbia University Apartheid Divest) said the university had dumped students' confiscated belongings in a nearby alley.[43] Three students were suspended, including Isra Hirsi, the daughter of U.S. Representative Ilhan Omar.[50] After the NYPD appeared, a group of pro-Israel counter-protesters congregated to celebrate the university's response, waving American and Israeli flags.[51] A protest on 114th Street and Amsterdam Avenue formed, but dispersed to allow buses with detained protesters to exit.[52]

Pro-Palestinian student protesters gathered on the opposite West lawn, the evening after the arrests.

Despite the dismantlement of the encampment, protesters soon moved to an adjacent lawn on campus, the West Lawn of the Butler Lawns,[53] where they hoisted their banners and pitched several tents.[3][54] Public intellectual and independent presidential candidate Cornel West appeared to show solidarity.[55] A group protested outside the university's main entrance on 116th Street.[56] Protesters on 116th Street and Broadway moved toward 120th Street after a man was taken into custody.[57] All of the protesters the NYPD arrested were released by late evening.[26]

Sit-in through the second day after arrests, with the East side of the lawn getting barricaded, to prevent reestablishment of the original encampment.

On April 19, protesters remained camped out on campus; SJP chapters at the University of North Carolina, Boston University, and Ohio State University, as well as the Harvard College Palestine Solidarity Committee at Harvard University, announced rallies in solidarity with the Columbia protesters.[58] Norman Finkelstein, an anti-Zionist political scientist and activist, appeared and gave a speech to protesters.[26] A Muslim jummah prayer service and a Jewish Kabbalat Shabbat prayer service were held at the encampment in the afternoon and evening, respectively.[26] On April 18, the university informed the student protesters who had been arrested that they were indefinitely suspended.[59]

During the weekend of April 20-21, public safety officers from the administration told WKCR-FM, which had been broadcasting information about the protest, to vacate its office due to an unspecified danger. Staff refused, saying they had a responsibility to broadcast information 24/7.[60][61] WKCR later said it was a misunderstanding.[60] Protesters also targeted some Jewish students with "antisemitic vitriol", leaving some Jewish students "fearful for their safety on the campus and its vicinity".[9]

New tents added after the reinstatement of the encampment

On April 21, Elie Buechler, a rabbi associated with Columbia University’s Orthodox Union Jewish Learning Initiative on Campus, recommended that Jewish students "return home as soon as possible and remain home", arguing that the ongoing campus occupation had "made it clear that Columbia University’s Public Safety and the NYPD cannot guarantee Jewish students’ safety".[62][63] Footage of protests over the weekend showed some protesters using antisemitic language against Jewish students, and many Jewish students said they felt unsafe.[64]

April 22–28

The second encampment grows into over 60 tents, with barricades isolating it from pedestrians walking through the university's lawn

Hundreds of Columbia faculty members walked out of classes to protest the university's response to the protest.[65] Because of the protest, the university canceled classes on April 22,[66][67] and then said it would switch to blended learning for the remainder of the semester.[8] The Columbia Elections Board announced that a referendum on divestment from Israel, originally proposed by CUAD on March 3, 2024, had passed by a large margin, showing that Columbia's student body mostly supported the initiative.[68][69] In the evening, the students celebrated a Seder on the first evening of Passover.[70][71]

Signs at the second encampment, including one stating: "Welcome to the People's University for Palestine"

On April 23, A student organizer said that protesters were in negotiations with the university through a legal negotiator but declined to share details. Ben Chang, Columbia's spokesperson, said that organizers had met with university officials in the early morning to discuss the situation.[72] Shafik issued a midnight deadline for protesters to either agree to vacate campus or face the university's consideration of "alternative options for clearing the West Lawn and restoring calm to campus".[73] Jewish pro-Palestinian students held Passover Seder within the encampment.[70][74]

Shortly after midnight on April 24, SJP reported that protesters had suspended negotiations because the university had threatened to call in the New York Army National Guard to clear them out, saying they would not return to the negotiating table until Columbia rescinded its threat. But the university said that "important progress" had been made in negotiations and that Shafik's original deadline would be extended by 48 hours, that the students had agreed to reduce the number of tents, and that they would ensure that protesters not affiliated with Columbia would leave campus. Protesters were seen taking down and moving some tents.[75][76] Meanwhile, the NYPD dispersed about 100 protesters outside campus.[76]

In the afternoon of April 24, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Mike Johnson gave a speech in front of Low Library condemning the protesters and calling for Shafik to resign. Some in attendance loudly booed him.[77] During his speech, Johnson said that during the October 7 attack, "infants were cooked in ovens",[78] an unsubstantiated claim.[79] Later, he called on President Joe Biden to deploy the National Guard to quell the protests;[80] White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre replied that such deployment is up to the state governor, not the president.[81]

Palestine Legal filed a Title VI suit with regard to suspended students on April 25.[82] The Columbia Board of Trustees issued statements in affirmation of Shafik.[83] The Columbia student senate held an emergency meeting with Shafik to consider censuring her.[84]

On April 26, a United for Israel counter-march, organized by StandWithUs and some right-wing organizations, was held around Columbia and stopped at the gates.[42] Some marchers harassed pro-Palestinian counter-protesters and targeted some counter-protesters inside the gates.[42] U.S. Representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Jamaal Bowman visited the encampment.[85] Columbia library workers issued a statement condemning Shafik for deploying police and private security against the protesters.[86] More than 1,000 pro-Israel protesters organized by the "New York Hostage and Missing Families Forum" rallied at 116th and Broadway.[87] The University Senate announced plans to call for a censure vote against Shafik but decided instead to vote on a resolution expressing displeasure with her out of fear of ousting the president in a time of crisis.[88]

A Columbia student who had emerged as a leader of the protest movement was barred after a video from January surfaced in which they said, "Zionists don’t deserve to live". Other protest groups condemned the comment. The New York Times said the student's comments raised the question, "How much of the movement in support of the Palestinian people in Gaza is tainted by antisemitism?"[89][90] On April 27, the student suspended for their "Zionists don't deserve to live" comment apologized.[91] The NYPD said that outside agitators were trying to hijack the protests, and that they were ready to raid the campus if needed.[91] The next day, the administration called for the protesters to leave, and said that bringing back the NYPD would be counterproductive.[92]

April 29–April 30

Negotiations between protesters and the university came to a "dead end" on April 29. The administration threatened to suspend students still in the encampment by 2 pm. It also offered a partial amnesty deal.[93] CUAD voted to stay in the encampment after the deadline, and SJP told members not to sign any administration deals. Faculty linked arms around the encampment before the deadline. Despite the threats, students stayed in the encampment and surrounding areas.[94][95][96] Suspensions began later that day.[97]

A Jewish student sued the university for failing to provide a safe environment.[95] Police set up barricades outside the university.[98] Alumni wrote Shafik a letter asking her to clear the encampment.[99]

In the early morning of April 30, protesters occupied Hamilton Hall, breaking windows,[5] and barricaded themselves inside. Protesters unfurled a banner purporting to rename the building "Hind's Hall" in honor of Hind Rajab, a young Palestinian girl killed by Israeli forces.[100] As a result, the campus was locked down and higher police presence was noted near campus; the NYPD and the university said they would not send police in.[99] The administration threatened to expel students who participated in the hall takeover.[101]

Late on April 30, a heavy riot police presence was seen outside the campus. The administration told students to shelter in place due to "heightened activity". The NYPD prepared to raid the campus after a letter from Shafik gave it permission.[102] Protesters appeared undeterred, continuing chants.[6]

At around 9 pm, the NYPD entered campus with administration approval. The administration blamed protesters for escalating by taking Hamilton Hall.[6] According to Shafik's letter to the NYPD Deputy Commissioner of Legal Matters requesting police intervention, someone hid in the building until it closed, then let others in. Columbia believed that while students were among those who entered, their leaders were unaffiliated with the university.[103] Using flash-bang grenades to breach the building, more than 100 protesters were arrested.[102] By the end of the night, Hamilton Hall and the entire campus were cleared, including the encampment.[104]

According to the Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg, 109 people were arrested at Columbia.[105]

In the letter to the deputy commissioner, Shafik requested an NYPD presence through at least May 17,[103] two days after the scheduled commencement.

Protests at other university campuses

Map
Universities in the United States with Israel–Hamas war protests in April 2024. Columbia University is marked in red. Other colleges that had encampments are marked in green, and non-encampment protests are marked in blue.
These paragraphs are an excerpt from 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses.[edit]

Demonstrations spread on April 22, when students at several universities on the East Coast—including New York University, Yale University, Emerson College, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Tufts University—began occupying campuses, as well as experiencing mass arrests in New York and at Yale.[106] Protests emerged throughout the U.S. in the following days, with protest camps established on over 40 campuses.[107] On April 25, mass arrests occurred at Emerson College, the University of Southern California, and the University of Texas,[108] as protests spread to Europe, Australia and Canada. A continued crackdown on April 27 led to approximately 275 arrests at Washington, Northeastern, Arizona State, and Indiana University.[109][110] Several professors were among those detained at Emory University,[111] and at Washington University in St. Louis, university employees were arrested.[109] On April 28, counter-protests were held at MIT, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).[112] On April 30, approximately 300 protesters were arrested at Columbia University and City College of New York,[113] followed by over 200 arrests at the UCLA campus occupation on May 1.[114]

The occupations have resulted in the closure of Columbia University and the Cal Poly Humboldt for the remainder of the semester;[115][116] votes of no confidence initiated by faculty members in California, Georgia, and Texas;[109] and Portland State University pausing its financial ties with Boeing over its ties to Israel.[117] Over 200 groups have expressed support for the protests,[118] as well as Jewish U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders and multiple progressive members of Congress.[119] The protests have been criticized by President Joe Biden[120] and former president Donald Trump;[121] U.S. governors Ron DeSantis[122] and Greg Abbott;[123][124] and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as antisemitic.[125] Some Jewish student demonstrators have insisted the protests are not.[126] Police response to the protests has also been criticized by U.S. Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Texas Democrats.[127][128]

Responses

Representative Jerrold Nadler, a Columbia alumnus and the House of Representatives' longest-serving Jewish member, wrote that "Columbia has an obligation to protect students and their learning environment".[129]

New York City mayor Eric Adams said, "Students have a right to free speech but do not have a right to violate university policies and disrupt learning on campus".[130]

President Joe Biden referenced the protests in his statement on Passover: "harassment and calls for violence against Jews ... has absolutely no place on college campuses". A separate White House statement condemned "physical intimidation targeting Jewish students and the Jewish community" on Columbia's campus.[131] Former president and presumptive Republican nominee Donald Trump stated, "The police came in and in exactly two hours, everything was over. It was a beautiful thing to watch."[132]

Columbia University alum and former trustee Robert Kraft, who founded Columbia's Kraft Center for Jewish Student Life, wrote on Instagram: "I am no longer confident that Columbia can protect its students and staff and I am not comfortable supporting the university until corrective action is taken."[133]

The union representing Columbia student workers released a statement calling for "the immediate reinstatement of all student and student workers disciplined for pro-Palestine protests and the end to the repression of protest on Columbia's campus".[134]

Ocasio-Cortez wrote on X: "Calling in police enforcement on non-violent demonstrations of young students on campus is an escalatory, reckless, and dangerous act. It represents a heinous failure of leadership that puts people’s lives at risk. I condemn it in the strongest possible terms."[135]

At Columbia

An editor of the Columbia Daily Spectator, Milène Klein, said that alarmists are making the protest all about antisemitism or being against Jewish students.[136] The Columbia Faculty of Arts and Sciences policy and planning committee condemned outside media coverage of the protest as "sensationalistic" and said it was "distressed by reports that conflate on-campus protests with the actions of bad actors from outside of our community", while condemning all forms of discrimination.[137]

Columbia Law School professors condemned the mass arrests as well as the suspensions of students in a letter[138] to the university's leadership, calling the actions taken by Columbia's administration "concerning" and saying they "lack transparency".[10]

Columbia's campus radio station WKCR-FM partially suspended its usual programming to cover the demonstrations.[61] After the second raid, student journalists and particularly WKCR received praise for their coverage. NBC News said WCKR was praised for it's live coverage of the event.[139] Business Insider praised anchors professionalism during the raid.[140] The Guardian described the radio broadcast 'chaotic and thrilling'.[141]

Allegations of antisemitism

Multiple sources have quoted Jewish students as feeling unsafe or targeted as a result of the protests.[9][62] Criticism increased when a January 2024 recording of one organizer, Khymani James, saying "Zionists don't deserve to live" was released.[89] James apologized when the remarks were publicized in April 2024. James said on X: "I affirm the sanctity of all life and the movement for liberation."[142] At Columbia, U.S. Representative Kathy Manning described seeing signs calling for the destruction of Israel. Freshman student Nicholas Baum described hearing protestors "calling for Hamas to blow away Tel Aviv and Israel."[143]

Pro-Palestinian Jewish protesters have rebutted assertions that the protest is antisemitic and unsafe for Jewish students,[11][70] and pro-Israeli counter-protesters have called pro-Palestinian Jewish protesters "fake Jews" or "kapos".[42] Progressive and student opinion writers have argued that national media may be pushing a skewed narrative by characterizing the protest as antisemitic and hateful.[137][144][145] Some protesters have alleged that agitators and non-students were responsible for antisemitic incidents.[10]

Susan Bernofsky, a Columbia professor, said: "I do not feel that this project is antisemitic in any way. I do feel that the students are highly critical of Israeli politics. And I do not feel threatened as a Jewish faculty member in any way by what's happening on this campus – except by the arrest of many of our students."[146] In reference to protesters, John McWhorter, a Columbia professor, said, "I find it very hard to imagine that they are antisemitic", adding that there is "a fine line between questioning Israel's right to exist and questioning Jewish people's right to exist" but that "some of the rhetoric amid the protests crosses it."[147]

Media coverage

The occupation, ensuing crackdowns, and spread nationally had extensive media coverage. However, some reporting by mainstream media outlets was decried as misleading and bias against protestors.[148]

University of Michigan student Ahmad Ibsais, in an article for al-Jazeera, claimed that media coverage of the protest movement was "sensationalist" and that accusations of antisemitism were false.[149] The New Republic alleged that the true causes of the protests were overshadowed by coverage of antisemitism and police crackdowns.[148] The Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Columbia condemned supposed inaccurate and discriminatory reporting of the protest.[150] Deputy Editor of the Columbia Daily Spectator Noah Bernstein said that outside media coverage was generally tilted negatively towards the protestors.[151] Students were reportedly weary of the media, with some refusing to be interviewed.[152]

During the second raid

WCKR statement on restrictions of movement during the second raid

During the second raid, the NYPD closed multiple streets in and around the campus, the administration locked down the building, and freedom of movement was restricted. In an op-ed by Mara Gay for The New York Times, she said that journalists were unable to provide a full assessment of what occurred during the second raid and that allegations of police brutality were unable to be verified because of the restrictions placed. Moreover, WKCR and other student journalists weren't allowed to leave their building due to threat of arrest.[153] Jake Offenhartz of the Associated Press called it 'one of the most frustrating nights for press access I’ve experienced as a reporter'.[154] Columbia SJP alleged that the NYPD and Columbia tried to cover up police brutality during the incident.[155]

See also

References

  1. ^ 113 during first raid, 109 during second raid
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External links

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