1954 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1954.

Plants[edit]

Angiosperms[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Amyridoxylon^[2]	Gen et sp nov		Kruse	Early Eocene	Green River Formation	USA Wyoming	A rutaceous petrified wood. The type species is A. ordinatum
Aspidospermoxylon^[2]	Gen et sp nov		Kruse	Early Eocene	Green River Formation	USA Wyoming	An apocynaceous petrified wood. The type species is A. uniseriatum
Chandlera^[3]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Scott	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA Oregon	A moon seed genus. Type species C. lacunosa.
Edenoxylon^[2]	Gen et sp nov		Kruse	Early Eocene	Green River Formation	USA Wyoming	An anacaridaceous petrified wood. The type species is E. parviareolatum
Fagara biseriata^[2]	Sp nov		Kruse	Early Eocene	Green River Formation	USA Wyoming	A rutaceous petrified wood.
Fagara monophylloides^[2]	Sp nov		Kruse	Early Eocene	Green River Formation	USA Wyoming	A rutaceous petrified wood.
Forchhammerioxylon^[2]	Gen et sp nov		Kruse	Early Eocene	Green River Formation	USA Wyoming	A resedaceous petrified wood. The type species is F. scleroticum
Heveoxylon^[2]	Gen et sp nov		Kruse	Early Eocene	Green River Formation	USA Wyoming	A euphorbiaceous petrified wood. The type species is H. microporosum
Juglans clarnensis^[3]	Sp nov	valid	Scott	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA Oregon	A walnut.
Mastixioidiocarpum oregonense^[3]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Scott	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA Oregon	A Tupelo relative
Myrica scalariformis^[2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Kruse	Early Eocene	Green River Formation	USA Wyoming	An Eden Valley petrified wood. Moved to Morella scalariformis in 2021^[4]
Odontocaryoidea^[3]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Scott	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA Oregon	A moon seed genus. Type species O. nodulosa.
Palaeonyssa spatulata^[3]	sp nov	jr synonym	Scott	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA	A Tupelo, moved to Nyssa spatulata in 1994
Palaeophytocrene hancockii^[3]	Sp nov	valid	Scott	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA Oregon	An icacinaceous species.
Palaeophytocrene pseudopersica^[3]	Sp nov	valid	Scott	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA Oregon	An icacinaceous species.
Parthenocissus angustisulcata^[3]	Sp nov	valid	Scott	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA Oregon	A vitaceous species
Schinoxylon^[2]	Gen et sp nov		Kruse	Early Eocene	Green River Formation	USA Wyoming	An anacaridaceous petrified wood. The type species is S. actinoporosum
Suriana inordinata^[2]	Sp nov		Kruse	Early Eocene	Green River Formation	USA Wyoming	A surianaceous petrified wood.
Talauma multiperforata^[2]	Sp nov		Kruse	Early Eocene	Green River Formation	USA Wyoming	An Eden Valley petrified wood.
Trochodendroxylon beckii^[5]	Sp nov	valid	Hergert & Phinney	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA Oregon	A Trochodendron wood species. Moved to Trochodendron beckii in 1982

Arthropods[edit]

Insects[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Parastylotermes frazieri^[6]	Sp. nov	valid	Snyder	Miocene		USA	A Stylotermitid termite.

Archosauromorphs[edit]

Phytosaurs[edit]

Name	Status	Authors		Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Coburgosuchus^[7]	Valid taxon	Heller		Late Triassic (Norian)	Burgsandstein Formation	Germany	A member of Pseudopalatinae.

Dinosaurs[edit]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[8]

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Mamenchisaurus^[9]	Valid taxon	Yang Zhongjian (as Young C. C.)	Late Jurassic (late Callovian-early Oxfordian)	Shangshaximiao Formation	China	A mamenchisaurid. The type species is M. constructus. This animal had a neck of more than 10 meters.	Mamenchisaurus
Rebbachisaurus^[10]	Valid taxon	René Lavocat	Middle Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)	Kem Kem Beds	Morocco Niger Tunisia	A rebbachisaurid.	Rebbachisaurus
Therizinosaurus^[11]	Valid taxon	Evgeny Maleev	Late Cretaceous (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian)	Nemegt Formation	Mongolia	A therizinosaurid.	Therizinosaurus

Synapsids[edit]

Pelycosaurs[edit]

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Location	Notes	Images
Phreatophasma	Valid	Ivan Yefremov	Middle Permian	Russia	A synapsid of uncertain affinities, perhaps a caseid.

Eutherians[edit]

Cetaceans[edit]

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Leptodelphis	Valid	Kirpichnikov	Middle Miocene (Sarmatian)		Russia	A member of Kentriodontidae.
Sarmatodelphis	Valid	Kirpichnikov	Middle Miocene (Sarmatian)		Moldova	A kentriodontid.

References[edit]

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Kruse, H.O. (1954). "Some Eocene dicotyledonous woods from Eden Valley, Wyoming". Ohio Journal of Science. 54 (4): 243–244.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Manchester, S.R. (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon". Palaeontographica Americana. 58: 30–31.
^ Wheeler, E. A.; Baas, P.; Manchester, S. R. (2021). "Wood Anatomy of Modern and Fossil Fagales in Relation to Phylogenetic Hypotheses, Familial Classification, and Patterns of Character Evolution". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 183 (1): 61–86. doi:10.1086/717328. S2CID 244081754.
^ Scott, R. A.; Wheeler, E. A. (1982). "Fossil woods from the Eocene Clarno Formation of Oregon". IAWA Journal. 3 (3–4): 135–154. doi:10.1163/22941932-90000829.
^ Snyder, T.E. (1955). "A new fossil termite, Parastylotermes frazieri, from California (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 57 (2): 79–80.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Ein Parasuchier-Schädelrest aus dem Oberen Burgsandstein von Coburg [A parasuchian skull remain from the Upper Burgsandstein of Coburg]. Geologisch Blätter für Nordost-Bayern 3:1-13
^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
^ Young C.-C. 1954. On a new sauropod from Yiping. Szechuan, China. Acta Palaeontol. Sinica 2: pp. 355-369.
^ René Lavocat. 1954. Sur les Dinosauriens du continental intercalaire des Kem-Kem de la Daoura. C. R. 19th Internatl. Geol. Congr. (1952): pp. 65-68.
^ Maleev, E.A. 1954. A new turtle-like saurian in Mongolia. Priroda (1954): pp. 106-108.

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Krusewoods-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Kruse, H.O. (1954). "Some Eocene dicotyledonous woods from Eden Valley, Wyoming". Ohio Journal of Science. 54 (4): 243–244.

[Manchester1994-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Manchester, S.R. (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon". Palaeontographica Americana. 58: 30–31.

[Fagaleswood-4] Wheeler, E. A.; Baas, P.; Manchester, S. R. (2021). "Wood Anatomy of Modern and Fossil Fagales in Relation to Phylogenetic Hypotheses, Familial Classification, and Patterns of Character Evolution". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 183 (1): 61–86. doi:10.1086/717328. S2CID 244081754.

[Clarno1982-5] Scott, R. A.; Wheeler, E. A. (1982). "Fossil woods from the Eocene Clarno Formation of Oregon". IAWA Journal. 3 (3–4): 135–154. doi:10.1163/22941932-90000829.

[Snyder1955-6] Snyder, T.E. (1955). "A new fossil termite, Parastylotermes frazieri, from California (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 57 (2): 79–80.^{[permanent dead link]}

[7] Ein Parasuchier-Schädelrest aus dem Oberen Burgsandstein von Coburg [A parasuchian skull remain from the Upper Burgsandstein of Coburg]. Geologisch Blätter für Nordost-Bayern 3:1-13

[ddinogeorge-8] Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.

[9] Young C.-C. 1954. On a new sauropod from Yiping. Szechuan, China. Acta Palaeontol. Sinica 2: pp. 355-369.

[10] René Lavocat. 1954. Sur les Dinosauriens du continental intercalaire des Kem-Kem de la Daoura. C. R. 19th Internatl. Geol. Congr. (1952): pp. 65-68.

[11] Maleev, E.A. 1954. A new turtle-like saurian in Mongolia. Priroda (1954): pp. 106-108.

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