Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/1 Wall Street/archive1
- The following is an archived discussion of a featured article nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured article candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.
The article was promoted by Gog the Mild via FACBot (talk) 12 November 2024 [1].
- Nominator(s): Epicgenius (talk) 14:23, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
This article is about yet another building on Wall Street in New York City. This time, it's an office skyscraper that was built in 1929–1931 as a bank headquarters before being converted to residential use. The building has some notable architectural features including a curtain-like limestone facade, a polygonal red room with glittering mosaic tiles, and (originally) an executive lounge with a triple-height ceiling. Even the site, at the foot of Wall Street, was once deemed one of the most valuable sites worldwide. The structure may not be the tallest building in the area, or even on the street, but in my view at least, it's one of New York City's lesser-known Art Deco masterpieces.
This page became a Good Article four years ago after a GAN review by SurenGrig07 and Hog Farm, for which I am very grateful. After some more recent copyedits, I think the page is up to FA quality. I look forward to all comments and feedback. Epicgenius (talk) 14:23, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
SC prose
[edit]12 days and no visitors?? I'll start the ball rolling shortly. - SchroCat (talk) 06:13, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
- "Voorhees, Walker Smith Smith": should be "Voorhees, Walker, Smith, Smith & Haines" – including two commas
- Oops. I've added these. Epicgenius (talk) 01:03, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
- "Upstate New York" should be "upstate New York"
- "Upon the building's opening, Irving Trust occupied the basements, lowest ten floors, and uppermost three floors of 1 Wall Street": "of 1 Wall Street" isn't needed as you open with "Upon the building's opening"
- Removed. Epicgenius (talk) 01:03, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
- "the Red Room did not have permanent furniture, but it did have chairs and desks": I'm not sure I follow this?
- Whoops, I must have gotten distracted. Suffice it to say that it had chairs and desks, so I've changed it. Epicgenius (talk) 01:03, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
- "black on the ceiling.[28][69] The mosaic gradually becomes lighter near the ceiling, thus drawing visitors' attention toward the ceiling": is the ceiling involved here...?! Maybe trim or rework slightly here
- I have reworded this too. Epicgenius (talk) 01:03, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
Done to the start of History. More to come. Overall, an enjoyable read, with not much for me to pick up on. - SchroCat (talk) 07:48, 20 October 2024 (UTC)
- Thanks for the initial comments SC. I've fixed the prose issues you've raised so far. Epicgenius (talk) 01:03, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
Continuing...
- "18-story Manhattan Life Building, completed in 1894, was located in the middle of the block at 64 Broadway.[113] The Manhattan Life Building": a bit of tweak to avoid the close repetition?
- I've reworded this. Epicgenius (talk) 13:37, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
- "mid- and late 1920s": hyphen for late-1920s
- "though the windows were shaken": This reads like anthropomorphised windows a little; maybe just "though the windows shook"?
- Fixed. Epicgenius (talk) 13:37, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
- "Voorhees, Walker Smith Smith & Haines were hired": should be "Voorhees, Walker, Smith, Smith & Haines" with commas
- I fixed this yesterday when I was addressing your first point.
- Epicgenius (talk) 13:37, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
- "Bank of New York": as you refer to BNY shortly afterwards, this should be "Bank of New York (BNY)"
- "BNY Mellon opened a museum on the 10th floor in 1998": I though the BNY/Mellon merger and renaming was in 2006 or 07? I'd be inclined to keep the name as "BNY" for all references pre-merge, then move to "BNY Mellon" post merge (with a passing reference to the name change)
- Oops, yeah, that slipped my mind. BNY didn't actually merge with Mellon until 2007, so I've clarified this. Epicgenius (talk) 13:37, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
- "Additionally, in 2007,": I don't think the "additionally" adds anything here – it makes it look like a forgotten add-on.
That's my lot. A long, but interesting read that I enjoyed going through. Cheers - SchroCat (talk) 10:10, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
- Thanks again for the review @SC. I've addressed the rest of your issues now. Epicgenius (talk) 13:37, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
- Support. All good from me - nice bit of work. - SchroCat (talk) 14:50, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
Source review: pass
[edit]I'll pick up on this too. - SchroCat (talk) 06:13, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
- Check the capitalisation on the titles – there are some lower case in there that need to be capitalised (FNs 12, 63 are the ones in the first column that caught my eye, but these are examples only and there are probably more)
- Ditto there are some caps that should be lower case (FNs 8, 34,43, 97 are the ones in the first column that caught my eye, but these are examples only and there are probably more)
- FN24 " Skyscraper Style :" Rogue space before the colon
- Wider searches show no major sources overlooked, and the coverage seems to be adequate for FAC requirements
- SchroCat (talk) 08:00, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
- Thanks for the source review SC. I'll fix the ref titles on Monday. – Epicgenius (talk) 01:31, 20 October 2024 (UTC)
- I think I've fixed all the remaining titles now. The tool I was using didn't consistently capitalize or lowercase some conjunctions, so I changed these manually. Epicgenius (talk) 13:37, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
- Hi SchroCat, how is the source review looking now? Gog the Mild (talk) 16:00, 3 November 2024 (UTC)
- Sorry - this dropped off my watchlist. Passed the source review. - SchroCat (talk) 17:59, 3 November 2024 (UTC)
- Hi SchroCat, how is the source review looking now? Gog the Mild (talk) 16:00, 3 November 2024 (UTC)
- I think I've fixed all the remaining titles now. The tool I was using didn't consistently capitalize or lowercase some conjunctions, so I changed these manually. Epicgenius (talk) 13:37, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
Image review: Pass
[edit]- All images appropriately licenced, so a pass on this one - SchroCat (talk) 08:00, 19 October 2024 (UTC)
Prose review by Generalissima
[edit]Very solid piece. I went through and fixed some out of order cites, and wasn't able to find anything errant or out of place - so support from me. Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 23:28, 23 October 2024 (UTC)
Support from Hurricanehink
[edit]Support. I figured I'd review since I have an FAC of my own.
- "1 Wall Street (also known as the Irving Trust Company Building, the Bank of New York Building, and the BNY Mellon Building) is a primarily residential skyscraper at the intersection of Broadway and Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City, New York, U.S. " - that's a lot for the first sentence. I get including the other names, but I think the "primarily residential" part could be mentioned later, since so much of the first sentence already talks about the business names for the building. Maybe also simplify the location? The existing featured article, 23 Wall Street, has it as such:
- "23 Wall Street (also known as the J.P. Morgan Building) is a four-story office building in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City, at the southeast corner of Wall Street and Broad Street. "
- I have reworded this bit, moving the exact location into the second paragraph of the lead. (The previous location was imprecise. It wasn't just at the intersection of Broadway and Wall Street, it occupies a full city block, and these streets are only two of the four streets that surround the block.) Epicgenius (talk) 00:56, 27 October 2024 (UTC)
- "On the lower stories are narrow windows with mullions" - this sort of sentence might be difficult to understand to a non-English reader. "Windows" is the subject of the sentence, but here "On the lower stories are" is how the sentence begins.
- I have reworded this as well. Epicgenius (talk) 00:56, 27 October 2024 (UTC)
- "The original portion of the building and its Red Room are designated city landmarks, and the structure is a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a National Register of Historic Places district." - this seems like an afterthought, but perhaps add the year it became designated as landmarks? That would contrast better with it being ignored.
- I've added the years. Epicgenius (talk) 00:56, 27 October 2024 (UTC)
- "There are also five basement levels under the original structure, three of which were below sea level." - small point, but are/were those basement levels still below sea level? The past tense "were below sea level" just seems striking compared to most of the article being in present tense.
- I've changed this to "are". The sea level hasn't decreased over the years, so these three floors are still below sea level. Epicgenius (talk) 00:56, 27 October 2024 (UTC)
- "The top stories of the annex (completed in the 2020s)" - we're in the 2020s, but people in the future might read that and think plausibly that the event might not happen for another five years (2029). When were the top stories completed?
- I've added the year 2023. Epicgenius (talk) 00:56, 27 October 2024 (UTC)
- You might want to indicate somewhere that all currency figures are in the original year's USD, like in a note or something. I noticed one spot where you don't indicate the year - "which added $40,000 to the construction cost"
- I have added inflation figures, which should hopefully clear this up. Epicgenius (talk) 15:52, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
- "An air-conditioning system was installed at 1 Wall Street in 1953."
- I got curious about this, and found this link, which says that it was one of the largest installations of air conditioning in NYC. Not sure if it's worth adding, but thought this bit could be expanded a tad.
- @Hurricanehink, nice find. I've added that to the article. Epicgenius (talk) 15:52, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
- I got curious about this, and found this link, which says that it was one of the largest installations of air conditioning in NYC. Not sure if it's worth adding, but thought this bit could be expanded a tad.
- "at which point it was 85% occupied" - minor point, but the rest of the article says the word "percent"
- I've changed this for consistency. Epicgenius (talk) 15:33, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
- "A new entrance was also constructed on Broadway, with a design based on one of Walker's unrealized plans for the building,[43] and five stories were added to the southern annex." - the last part feels like an add-on, but five additional stories sounds a lot more significant than a new entrance. Unless I'm reading something wrong here.
- Good point. I have rearranged the order of these phrases. Epicgenius (talk) 15:33, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
- Any more news/history since May? I did a Google news search and didn't find anything, but felt it worth asking.
- Aside from the landmark designation in June, no, but the landmark designation is already covered in its own section. Epicgenius (talk) 00:56, 27 October 2024 (UTC)
All in all, a great read. Lemme know if you have questions about my comments. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:17, 26 October 2024 (UTC)
- Thanks for the feedback @Hurricanehink. I'll respond to these comments over the next few days. – Epicgenius (talk) 19:54, 26 October 2024 (UTC)
- Thanks again for the comments. I think I have now addressed all of them. Epicgenius (talk) 15:52, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
- Thanks for the quick replies! Good job on this one. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 15:53, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
- Thanks for the support, I appreciate it. Also, I just noticed that you linked your FAC above - I didn't notice it before but can definitely take a look over the next few weeks. – Epicgenius (talk) 16:37, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
- Thanks for the quick replies! Good job on this one. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 15:53, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
- Thanks again for the comments. I think I have now addressed all of them. Epicgenius (talk) 15:52, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
Support from PMC
[edit]I'm shocked to see you writing about another building in New York. Comments within the week :) ♠PMC♠ (talk) 05:32, 29 October 2024 (UTC)
- Thanks for taking up the review, @PMC. Take as much time as you need ;) – Epicgenius (talk) 16:40, 4 November 2024 (UTC)
Okay, I lied, but eight days is pretty close :P
- Lead & Site
- I've got 27 instances of "contain" on a ctrl+F (well, 26, I removed one just now)
- I've reworded some of these. Epicgenius (talk) 00:33, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "A 36-story annex to the south was designed by successor firm Voorhees, Walker, Smith, Smith & Haines and built between 1963 and 1965." having now read a little further into Architecture, this isn't quite correct - it was 28 stories when they built it. The expansion to 36 was only in 2019.
- Good point, I've clarified this. Epicgenius (talk) 00:33, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "The facade, made of limestone" - could simplify to "The limestone facade", but only a mild suggestion
- Para 2 in the lead is almost entirely sentences like "The X has Y. The Z has X and Y. The Thing has Thing." the prose could stand to be livened up a little, if possible
- I've changed up some of the sentences. Epicgenius (talk) 00:33, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "After 1 Wall Street's residential conversion" - this comes before the actual mention of the residential conversion in para 3, making it a bit confusing. Also, "After...have contained" is grammatically off. Could probably solve both issues at once with something like "In 2023, the upper stories were renovated into 566 condominium apartments."
- Done. Epicgenius (talk) 00:33, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- Err, the sentence now reads "After 1 Wall Street was converted to an office building, the upper stories were divided into 566 condominium apartments." I thought it was converted to residential.
- Whoops, I missed that. Must've been in a rush. Epicgenius (talk) 16:38, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- Err, the sentence now reads "After 1 Wall Street was converted to an office building, the upper stories were divided into 566 condominium apartments." I thought it was converted to residential.
- Done. Epicgenius (talk) 00:33, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- Harry Macklowe - who?
- I've clarified. Epicgenius (talk) 00:33, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "despite initially remaining ignored" - by whom? Until when? What changed?
- Basically, mid-20th-century architectural critics largely ignored the building, but it did receive some commentary in a few sources from 1975, 1987, and 2001. Honestly, I don't know the reason for this. Epicgenius (talk) 00:33, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- The last 3 sentences of para 2 for Site feel out of order. I might revise to something like "Under municipal law...revert to the government of New York City. When 1 Wall Street was built, its main occupant Irving Trust embedded small metal plaques to delineate the boundaries of its lot to preclude such a seizure." This also removes a touch of redundancy
- Architecture
- "the building's design consultant" for both or just the original
- Just the original. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "but, in 2019," I don't think you need the first comma here
- Removed. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- Do we know what firm was responsible for designing or building the addition to the annex?
- It was SLCE Architects, who also designed the renovation as a whole. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- Is Gothic Modern its own thing, or is he meaning "a Gothic-inflected Modern style"
- The latter. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- Link Trinity Church?
- Trinity Church (Manhattan) is linked in the Site section. Epicgenius (talk) 00:33, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- Ooh, yup, missed that
- Trinity Church (Manhattan) is linked in the Site section. Epicgenius (talk) 00:33, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- Architecture - Form & facade through Features
- Image on the left breaks the next header
- Fixed. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "The southern portion of the original building rises as high as a dormer on the 37th floor, though the 36th floor is the highest story that also connects to the annex." I'm not sure why this is a "though" situation
- I've rephrased this sentence. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- Maybe link Massing here?
- Any images of the curtain-like fluting? I'm having trouble picturing it
- It looks like this (unfortunately, there are few good close-up images of the facade on Commons). Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "Walker said the building would...looking at the building." Could maybe trim the second to "looking at it?"
- Do we know what construction cost, roughly? Since we mention the $40k overrun
- I'll try to look for sources for this. Strangely, the sources I found did not mention the original building's construction cost, only the overrun. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "In 2018, an entrance to the retail space was constructed in front of the annex;[43] the entrance is clad with glass" - could this second clause not be removed and the sentence revised to "a glass-clad entrance"?
- The Annex section has no detail about the expansion from 28 to 36 floors in 2019, but mentions "Five to six stories were also built atop the initial portion of the annex" in 2018. Was there a second expansion in 2019 or...?
- This was the same expansion, I forgot to clarify this. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "prior to the residential conversion" - "the" doesn't work here, because so far you haven't mentioned the conversion in the body.
- Oops, I forgot about that. However, I added a mention of the residential conversion earlier on in this section (first paragraph of "Architecture"). Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- " Irving Trust had six private elevators,[49]" I don't think you need this comma
- Removed. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- Link Pneumatic tube?
- " but it was converted to a communications room" should be "had been" I think, since this is describing something that had happened by a certain time
- "Following its 2018–2021 conversion" again, since you haven't explained the conversion previously, this feels confusing
- I have mentioned it earlier in this section. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- Link cantilevered?
- Architecture - Red Room and lobby to end
- Hildreth Meière - who?
- Clarified. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "as a reception room" for the bank I'm assuming?
- That is correct. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "In addition, " not sure this is doing much here
- The measurements might fit better in para 2, which seems to focus more on physical details like shape; para 1 is all about how it was designed and what for
- "Although the building..." the "although" makes it seem like this was done reluctantly despite the crash, while the cited source says it was done "Because of the collapse" in order to make themselves look successful
- From reading the sources, I was under the impression that the crash would have restricted the bank's ability to use ornate materials. However, I think you're right about this. I've switched around the sentences. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- Feels odd to go from the color scheme of the mosaics, to lightened tiles, and back to color scheme with the gold abstract bits
- The lightened tiles are related to the color-scheme sentence. Although the walls have red and blue tiles, these are lighter toward the ceiling, eventually becoming gold and black. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "The remainders of the walls" probably should be "rest of the walls" instead, but if you want to keep remainder, it should be singular I think
- "The ceiling had an allegorical painting" I thought the ceiling had mosaics. Was the painting tiled over, making this correctly past tense? Or is there something else going on
- I misread the sources. This mural was in the adjacent foyer with the black walls, rather than the Red Room. I have fixed this now. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "After 1 Wall Street's residential conversion, there have been" - "after" doesn't work with "have been". You could sub since for after and keep "have been", or keep after and sub "were" for "have been"
- Ah, I was thinking that this sentence sounded a bit strange. "Since ... have been" sounds like what I was trying to get at. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "are designed" should be past
- "Other apartments included model units" it's not entirely clear what this means
- I've clarified that "several of the units are model apartments, which are shown to prospective buyers". Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- "There are also amenities" - this reads oddly because we're going from discussing individual units straight to general amenities. I would revise to something like "Amenities for residents include..." or similar. That would have the bonus of making the following sentence ("The building also contains...") feel less repetitive
- Is One Works separate from the "communal spaces with kitchens, phone booths, AV equipment, and printers"?
- Yes, there are communal spaces, and then there is the coworking space. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- Entire section about the vault is past tense, implying it's no longer there - any confirmation or details about its final disposition?
- The 2001 Landmarks Preservation Commission report for this building describes the vault in past tense. I couldn't find any info about the vault's later use or disposition, which is why it's in past tense. Epicgenius (talk) 15:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
- History
- Basically no notes till "A 10-inch (250 mm) strip of land..." - what?? do we know why he leased this, or what kind of "structure" he built? So weird.
- Yeah, I don't know why he leased that plot, since it only made the site about 4% wider. He built a taxpayer building there. Epicgenius (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- "founded in 1851, had merged with numerous other banks in preceding years" - possibly I'm just a beer in, but wording kind of implies that the bank merged in the years before being founded. Maybe "Since its founding in 1851, Irving Trust had merged..."?
- Yep. I've done that. Epicgenius (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- "outgrown its offices in" did it have these offices in succession as it merged? Like it moved from A -> B -> C and finally into 1 Wall Street? Or was it one entity scattered through 3 buildings that then consolidated into 1 Wall St?
- No, they were all occupied at the same time. I've clarified this. Epicgenius (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- You could merge the sentence that starts "The initial plans..." with the subsequent sentence for less redundancy
- "Walker and his associate ... Smith and Meière..." these two sentences about the Red Room are tacked on to the end of para 1 in Construction, but they feel more like Planning to me, since they're about the design process
- I've moved this. Epicgenius (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- "Timekeepers and auditors checked employees' attendance, as well as job runners..." Is this particularly unusual? Otherwise it just feels like details about routine stuff that could be omitted
- Yeah, it does seem redundant. I've removed it. Epicgenius (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- Why does footnote [vi] not have a dollar sign?
- Oops, I've added it. Epicgenius (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- "Fiduciary Trust Company of New York also moved" cut also; it implies that some other bank moved to the 30th floor as well before it
- Removed. Epicgenius (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- "Macklowe initially planned...and he planned" in same sentence
- Fixed. Epicgenius (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- "In addition, the Red Room..." can ditch the "in addition"
- "Five stories were added to the southern annex" if the annex was 28 stories when it was built, and no other stories were ever built, where does the final number of 36 come from? ;_; what is the truth Epic
- Oops, that was an error. I've fixed it; this should be eight stories. The truth is my name is actually Unepicfool. Lol Epicgenius (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- "The Printemps store was to use the Red Room." - "was" makes it sound like it fell through, but it sounds like maybe it just hasn't happened yet?
- The latter is correct. The store will open in early 2025. I've added that bit. Epicgenius (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- Impact
- I'm not entirely sure about the Clute quote, especially the second portion. I got a snippet view of the source and it doesn't really help with the context.
- I interpreted the quote as saying that the facade was little more than a skin, rather than an integral part of the structural framework. Clute doesn't say this, but it's akin to draping a blanket over a box - the blanket doesn't hold up the walls of the box, it merely covers the box. Epicgenius (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- "There was also praise for what Stern characterized as "Walker's only completed skyscraper"." this sentence is odd. It renders the praise in the passive voice (who praised it? when?) and also ties it to Stern's characterization in a way that I don't think fits, unless the praise is directly related to it being a completed skyscraper. Since all this stuff seems to be post-mid-century, I might say something like "The building began to be reappraised in the 1970s" or "Some later critics have praised the building".
- I've rephrased this sentence. I've also moved the quote from Stern further up the page, since it isn't really commentary per se. Epicgenius (talk) 16:52, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
That's all I have for now. I'll give it another look after changes and see how I fare. Cheers! ♠PMC♠ (talk) 04:55, 6 November 2024 (UTC)
- Thanks for the comments. I'll take a stab at these tomorrow. – Epicgenius (talk) 23:29, 6 November 2024 (UTC)
- @PMC, thanks for the comments. I've addressed the points you've raised so far. – Epicgenius (talk) 17:01, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- Sorry for the delay Epic! I cleared the ping and my brain was like "yeah we're done here right". I'm a support. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 01:36, 12 November 2024 (UTC)
- @PMC, thanks for the comments. I've addressed the points you've raised so far. – Epicgenius (talk) 17:01, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
- Closing note: This candidate has been promoted, but there may be a delay in bot processing of the close. Please see WP:FAC/ar, and leave the {{featured article candidates}} template in place on the talk page until the bot goes through. Gog the Mild (talk) 15:57, 12 November 2024 (UTC)
- The above discussion is preserved as an archive. Please do not modify it. No further edits should be made to this page.