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The Australian Standard 2243.2: 2006 Safety in Laboratories - Chemical Aspects, also called (AS/NZS 2243.2:2006), is a joint Australian/New Zealand Standard prepared by Joint Technical Committee CH-026, Safety in Laboratories. A number of Australian and New Zealand organisations are represented in the Committee CH-026 such as CSIRO, the Royal Australian Chemical Institute, The New Zealand Chemical Industry Council and WorkCover New South Wales.
AS/NZS 2243.2 is the second part of the Australian Standard 2243, which is compose of a total of ten parts addressing different issues. It sets out the requirements and recommended procedures to form an effective and safe working environment in the chemical laboratory. It consists of descriptions and certain procedures for the safe handling of flammables, toxic corrosives, highly reactive and unstable chemicals as well as refers to the handling of compressed and liquefied gases. The standards also include information associate hazards with working in a chemical laboratory. It is recommended that this standard is used in conjunction with the first part of the Australian standard 2243, AS/NZS 2243.1:2005 Safety in laboratories - Planning and operational aspects to have a clear understanding. The standard is divided into four sections, each providing information, recommendations and procedures on how to prevent and minimise the potential hazards in a chemical laboratory and create a safer work place.
History and Development[edit]
AS/NZS 2243.2:2006 Safety in laboratories - Chemical Aspects was approved for the Council of Standards Australia on 2 June 2006 and was published on 30 June 2006. This standard replaces the previous AS/NZS 2243.2:1997. The first publication of such standard was in 1979 as the AS 2243.2: 1979. To keep up to date with current science and technology which is constantly improving, standards need to be reviewed and additions and changes are made to address a wider range of issues. Newer editions of the standard were published in 1982, 1990 by Standards Australia. The standard was then jointly revised as an Australian/New Zealand standard by Joint Technical Committee CH-026, Safety in Laboratories and designated AS/NZS 2243.2 1997. Finally the fifth and latest edition of the standard was published in 2006.
Changes in the fifth edition of the standard include the addition of information on spill management, fire emergencies and an extended list of hazardous chemicals with their descriptions.
Section 1 – General and Scope[edit]
Section 1 of AS/NZS 2243.2:2006 Safety in laboratories - Chemical Aspects lists useful definitions to aid the use and understanding of the standard. A few noteworthy definitions that help the understanding of the standard include:
- May - Indicates the existence of an option
- Shall - Indicates that a statement is mandatory
- Should - Indicates a recommendation
Section 2 – Planning for Chemical Safety[edit]
In order to have a safe working environment in any laboratory, whether it is an educational or industrial laboratory, it is advantageous to acknowledge the consequences of every action in order to plan for safety. Upon the construction and design of a laboratory where chemicals will be used, matters such as risk assessment, Hazard and Operability studies (HAZOP studies) in Australia, AS IEC should be performed in order to offer information to be used when addressing the following matters:
- Exposure control
- Ventilation
- Storage requirements
- Movement of chemicals
- Waste treatment
- Emergency management
- Provision of safety equipment
Section 3 – Chemical Safety Management[edit]
Chemical safety management is a supervision and control of chemicals at workplaces which involves risks associated with chemicals including their basic toxicology, classification systems, specific controls required for safe handling and storage, msds sheets and labels meeting the up to date legislations and emergency procedures to ensure effective management of chemicals at workplaces.
GENERAL
Guidelines to help the implementation of various safety procedures.
E.g. Procedures are established to review and record the health and safety of personnel working within the laboratory and to detect any effects of exposure to chemicals.
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Various safety procedures that should be implemented for a safe chemical workplace.
E.g. Provision of chemical safety information such as copies of the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
CHEMICAL SAFETY PRACTICES
Methods on how to plan safe procedures in the workplace to minimise the potential of incidents.
E.g. Assessing the nature of risks associated with the toxicological and physicochemical hazards.
SPILL MANAGEMENT
Information and methods on how to prevent and clean up spills of different chemical hazards in the laboratory.
E.g. planning for spills, spills inside a fume cupboard and spills outside a fume cupboard.
FIRE, EMERGENCY AND RESCUE PROCEDURES
Requirements and recommendations for events involving fire, emergency and rescue procedures.
E.g. having appropriate and adequate fire fighting equipment available for types of fires that a likely to occur.
Section 4 – Safe Use of Chemical Substances[edit]
Descriptions of different chemicals used in the laboratory and information on their chemical hazards. The chemical hazards covered in this section include gases, flammable chemicals, toxic chemicals, corrosive substances, unstable chemicals and highly reactive chemicals.
Recommendations and Requirements
Use of labels on chemical waste containers
A label must be used on a waste container and remain in place until the container is free of the substance or is at its final disposal point.
| LABORATORY CHEMICAL WASTE From:................................................... | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Dangerous goods Class/warning |
|||
| Substance name | |||
| UN number or CAS number | |||
| Major ingredients / formulation |
|||
| Special control Procedures | |||
Appendix B - Label for chemical waste
Planning appropriate clean up procedure
The correct procedure in case of spills should be planned. Different chemical hazards require different methods of clean up. For example, spillage of alkalis should be neutralised by dilute acids whereas spills involving mercury require spill kits or special a vacuum suction.
Handling of cryogenic fluids
Cryogenic fluids should always be handled carefully. Liquid or low temperature gas from any cryogenic substance can yield an effect on the skin similar to a burn. Delicate tissues such as those of the eyes can be damaged by contact with the fluid, which may not affect the face or hands. Only containers thermally insulated to minimize loss by evaporation and specifically
designed for holding cryogenic fluids should be used e.g. Double-walled evacuated metal or glass vessel known as a Dewar flask.
Fluids should always be handled in well-ventilated areas to avoid excessive concentrations of gas. Asphyxia develops slowly by gradual reduction of the oxygen content in the air, early outward signs are the inability to think clearly, disturbance of muscular coordination, rapid fatigue and easy arousal of emotions, particularly of ill-temper. Use of personal protective equipment is very important when handling cryogenics fluids. A full face-shield or goggles and gloves should always be worn.
Storing of highly reactive chemicals
Chemicals such as sodium and potassium can react extremely violently with water. Because of their high sensitivity to air and water vapour, they should be stored under hydrocarbon oils such as paraffin oil.
Storing of Peroxides
Concentrated hydrogen peroxide decomposes rapidly when contaminated with organic matter and should be stored with great care. Organic peroxides are generally unstable and are an explosion hazard. The quantity of organic peroxide stored in any one place should be strictly limited.
Safe usage of perchloric acid
Perchloric acid is a strong acid when at room temperature which can destruction on living tissue, burn respiratory tract and eyes. It also causes combustible material such as saw dust, cotton and paper to become highly flammable. Pure, anhydrous perchloric acid has been documented to spontaneously explode. Only a minimum amount of perchloric acid should be kept in the laboratory. Soda ash and water should be used to neutralised when spill.
References[edit]
‘Harvard style’ 2003, Citing or referencing electronic sources of information, viewed 3 June 2003, http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/learningconnectio n/students/Lguides/harvard-referencing.pdf
- Australian/New Zealand Standard 2243.2: 2006 Safety in Laboratories - Chemical Aspects
- 'Australian Sign Banner' Danger Do Not Enter Safety, viewed 20 May 2011, http://www.australiasigns.com.au/safety/proddetail.php?prod=rbw-md-do-not-enter
- 'Hazardous Industry Planning Advisory Paper no. 8' 2008, HAZOP Guidelines, viewed 20 May 2011 http://colleges.ksu.edu.sa/Engineering/ChemicalEngineering/Capstone/hazop%20guide%20lines.pdf
- 'OpenForum.com.au' 2007, Australian Standard, viewed 20 May 2011, http://www.openforum.com.au/standards_australia
Article nominated for deletion[edit]
Proposed deletion of Australian Standard 2243.2: 2006 Safety in Laboratories - Chemical Aspects[edit]
The article Australian Standard 2243.2: 2006 Safety in Laboratories - Chemical Aspects has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:
- No indications of notability or why this topic is encyclopedic
While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.
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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing {{proposed deletion/dated}} will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Nick-D (talk) 08:21, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
- Hello, did you create this article as part of a project for a course you're undertaking? There's a discussion of this and similar articles which have been created in the last few days at Wikipedia:Australian Wikipedians' notice board#New articles on the handling of dangerous materials which you might want to participate in. Regards, Nick-D (talk) 11:02, 30 May 2011 (UTC)
Nomination of Australian Standard 2243.2: 2006 Safety in Laboratories - Chemical Aspects for deletion[edit]
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The article will be discussed at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Australian Standard 2243.2: 2006 Safety in Laboratories - Chemical Aspects until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Nick-D (talk) 08:12, 7 June 2011 (UTC)