User:Ixtal/ElectionsPresidentialPV

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Draft Completion: ~60% as of 28 Sept.

The Basque Country is an autonomous community of Spain, bordering the Bay of Biscay to the North, the Pyrenees, Navarre and France to the East, La Rioja to the South, and Cantabria and Castile and León to the West. It includes the provinces of Álava, Biscay, and Gipuzkoa.

The community was granted nationality status within Spain through the 1978 Constitution, which was then followed by the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country of 1979, which is the legal document upon which the community is organized. While Vitoria-Gasteiz serves as the de facto capital as the seat of government, there is no official capital.[1]

The unique political situation of the Basque Country is due in large part due to its historical rights, known as fueros, which allowed the region to a limited self-governance for most of the second millennium.[2] These rights had been suspended by the Francoist government, but reinstated with the 1979 Statute.[3] This political issue is as significant to voters in the Basque country as other major global issues such as economic policy and social policy.[4][5]

The Basque Country has participated in 16 general elections since the restoration of democracy in 1977, 3 in the Second Spanish Republic, 21 to the Restored Cortes Generales, and 31 to the Congress of Deputies going as far back as 1869, for a total of 71. However, it is important to note that up until the Second Republic election data was altered by the Government.[6]

General elections of the Cortes de Cadiz[edit]

Text for this section is incomplete

For elections before xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, the elections were not based on parties but rather on individuals.[7] However, the provinces of Álava, Gipuzkoa and Biscay all participated in electing "proprietary" candidates—i.e. candidates who owned property in the province of their candidacy.[8]

In 1810, all property-owning or scholarly males of 25 years and older were able to both vote and be elected. From 1813 until the elections under Isabella II of Spain beginning in 1834, the voting requirements amended to men of 21 and older that were registered and resided in the province, while the requirements for candidates were increased to men of 25 and older that were registered and resided in the province and had a "proportionate" annual income derived from one's own means.[7]

Deputies elected by the Basque Country for the Cortes de Cadiz
Year Province Deputies Alternates
1810 Alava Prudencio María Verástegui[9]† Manuel de Aróstegui Sáenz de Olamendi[10]
Gipuzkoa None Elected Miguel Antonio de Zumalacárregui[11][12]
Biscay None Elected Francisco Ramón Eguía Letona[13]
1813 Alava Prudencio María Verástegui[9] Fausto Sáenz de Navarrete‡[14]
Gipuzkoa Pedro Bengoa†[15]

José Antonio Larrumbide Urquidizar†[16]

Santiago Elías de Aranguren y Álava†[17]‡[18][a]

Miguel Antonio de Zumalacárregui[19]

José Antonio Larrumbide Urquidizar[20][b]

Biscay Manuel María Aldecoa Mendoza[21]

Juan Antonio Yandiola Garay[22]

Miguel de Gordon Urquijo‡[23]
1820 Alava Ramon Sandalio de Zubia[24][25] Pedro Cuesta‡[26][27]
Gipuzkoa Jose Fernando Romero[28] Jose Domingo Mintegui Claudio‡[29]
Biscay Casimiro Loizaga Vildosola[30][31]

Juan Antonio Yandiola Garay[32][33]

Juan Bautista Goicoechea y Urrutia‡[34][35]
1822 Alava Miguel Ricardo de Alava y Esquivel[36][37] Martin Ramirez de la Piscina[38]
Gipuzkoa Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga[39][40]

Jose Joaquin de Garmendia[41][c]

Jose Joaquin de Garmendia[42][43]

Agustin Pascual de Iturriaga‡[44]

Biscay Jose de Apoita Mallagaray[45]

Domingo Eulogio de La Torre y Las Casas[46]

Martin Leon Jauregui Zugazaga‡[47]

† Indicates a deputy that was annulled by the Cortes after that election

‡ Indicates a deputy that did not form part of the Cortes, either dying before taking office or being otherwise incapable of doing so (such as military command)

General elections during the Trienio Liberal[edit]

General elections during the reign of Isabella II of Spain[edit]

After the beginning of the liberal queen Isabella, the voting system was changed to one of masculine census suffrage, while the requirements for candidates became more rigorous, requiring various combinations of certain income conditions, nationality of the province, secularity, "intellectual capacity" , and a number of years of residence in the province.

Year Province Deputies Substitutes
1834 Alava Fausto Otazu Balancegui[48]
Gipuzkoa Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga[49]

Jose Joaquin Mariategui[50]

Jose Manuel Collado Parada[51]

Juan Esteban Izaga Beltran de Guevara[52]

Biscay Jacinto de Romarate Salamanca[53]

Jose Ventura de Aguirre Solarte Iturraspe[54]

Martin de los Heros y de las Barcenas[55]
February

1836

Alava Manuel Ezequiel de Echevarria[56]
Gipuzkoa Jose Manuel Collado Parada[57]

Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga[58]

Biscay Jose Ventura de Aguirre Solarte Iturraspe[59]

Martin de los Heros y de las Barcenas[60]

July

1836

Alava Manuel Ezequiel de Echevarria[61]
Gipuzkoa Jose Manuel Collado Parada[62]

Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga[63]

Biscay Jose Ventura de Aguirre Solarte Iturraspe[64]

Martin de los Heros y de las Barcenas[65]

October

1836

Alava Manuel Ezequiel de Echevarria[66] Pedro Tercero[67]
Gipuzkoa Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga[68]

Miguel Antonio de Zumalacarregui e Imaz[69]

Jose Agustin de Larramendi Muguruza[70]
Biscay Martin de los Heros y de las Barcenas[71]

Juan Ramon de Arana Landazuri[72]

Pedro de Lemonauria Puch[73]
September

1837

Alava Blas Lopez[74] Vicente Santos[75]
Gipuzkoa Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga[76]

Miguel Antonio de Zumalacarregui e Imaz[77]

Jose Agustin de Larramendi Muguruza[78]
Biscay Francisco de Hormaeche[79]

Federico Victoria de Lecea Mazarredo[80]

Jose Pantaleon de Aguirre Urruchua[81]

† Indicates a deputy that was annulled by the Cortes after that election

‡ Indicates a deputy that did not form part of the Cortes, either dying before taking office or being otherwise incapable of doing so (such as military command)

Indent indicates a deputy that was substituted

General elections during the Sexenio Democrático[edit]

General elections during the Restoration[edit]

General elections during the Second Spanish Republic[edit]

Representation during Franco's Regime[edit]

The building of the Congress of Deputies, where Franco's Cortes Españolas took place.
Main article: Cortes Españolas

Dictator Francisco Franco came to power in 1939 after the Spanish Civil War and moved to replace the Congress of Deputies with the Cortes Españolas (Spanish Courts) which would follow the example of Italian corporatism. The new courts would replace the representative democracy with a body that would channel the so-called natural entities of the state: families, municipalities, and unions. These families were not biological families, but instead the various right-wing parties within the Franco regime. Thus, no general elections were held in the Basque Country during this time.[82]

General elections after Franco[edit]

Key for parties
Pro-basque independence, left-wing Pro-basque independence, Centrist Spanish, left-wing Spanish, right-wing
  EH Bildu – (EH)
  Amaiur – (AM)
  Eusko Alkartasuna – (EA)
  Herri Batasuna – (HB)
  Euskadiko Ezkerra – (EE)
  Basque Nationalist Party – (PNV)
  Spanish Socialist Workers' Party – (PSOE)
  Unidas Podemos – (UP)
  United Left – (IU)
  People's Party – (PP)
  People's Coalition – (CP)
  Union of the Democratic Centre – (UCD)
  People's Alliance – (AP)
Notes – Some colors have been changed from the parties' own for clarity. Only Congress seat-winning parties are shown.

Text for this section is incomplete

UCD merged in 1983 with CDS, which then merged with PP in 2006. IU merged in 2016 with Unidas Podemos EE merged in 1991 with PSE, resulting in the formation of PSE-EE. Some members disagreed and founded a party which merged with EA soon after.

Congress[edit]

Spanish General Elections in Basque Country, 1977 to now
Year First Second Third Fourth Fifth Other parties Ref.
Party Votes % Seats Party Votes % Seats Party Votes % Seats Party Votes % Seats Party Votes % Seats Votes %
Nov. 2019
 PNV 379,002 32.01% 6 PSOE 227,396 19.21% 4 EH 221,073 18.67% 4 UP 182,674 15.43% 3 PP 104,746 8.85% 1 62,520 5.28%
[83]
Apr. 2019
 PNV 395,884 31.01% 6 PSOE 253,989 19.90% 4 UP 224,505 18.96% 4 EH 212,882 16.68% 4
–
–
–
–
 181,138 15.30%
[84]
2016
 UP 335,740 29.08% 6 PNV 287,014 24.86% 5 PSOE 164255 14.23% 3 EH 153,339 13.28% 2 PP 148,553 12.87% 2 57,755 5.42%
[85]
2015
 PNV 302,316 24.72% 6 UP 317,674 25.98% 5 PSOE 161,988 13.25% 3 EH 184,186 15.06% 2 PP 142,127 11.62% 2 105,797 14.81%
[86] [87]
2011
 AM 285,290 0.02% 6 PNV 324,317 27.41% 5 PSOE 255,013 21.55% 4 PP 210,797 17.81% 3
–
–
–
–
 94,407 7.98%
[88] [89]
2008
 PSOE 430,690 38.14% 9 PNV 306,128 27.11% 6 PP 209,244 18.53% 3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
 183,259 15.49%
[90]
2004
 PNV 420,980 33.72% 7 PSOE 339,751 27.22% 7 PP 235,785 18.89% 4 EA 80.905 6.48% 1
–
–
–
–
 154,007 12.34%
[91]
2000
 PNV 347,417 30.05% 7 PP 323,235 27.96% 7 PSOE 266,583 23.06% 4 EA 86,557 7.49% 1
–
–
–
–
 85,527 7.40%
[92]
1996
 PNV 315,793 25.04% 5 PSOE 298,499 23.67% 5 PP 231.286 18.34% 5 HB 154,853 12.28% 2 IU 116,133 9.21% 1 144,734 11.48%
[93]
[d]
1993
 PSOE 293,442 24.52% 7 PNV 287,908 24.05% 5 PP 175,758 14.68% 4 HB 174,655 14.59% 2 EA 117,956 9.85% 1 147,263 12.30%
[94]
1989
 PSOE 233.650 21.11% 6 PNV 252,119 22.78% 5 HB 186,646 16.86% 4 EA 123,613 0.01% 2 PP 103,697 9.37% 2 207,216 18.72%
[95]
[e]
1986
 PSOE 287,918 26.29% 7 PNV 304,675 27.82% 6 HB 193,724 17.69% 4 CP 114,967 10.50% 2 EE 99,408 9.08% 2 94,337 8.62%
[96]
1982
 PNV 379,293 31.73% 8 PSOE 348,620 29.16% 8 HB 175,857 14.71% 2 CP 139,148 11.64% 2 EE 91,927 7.69% 1 60,636 5.07%
[97]
1979
 PNV 275,292 27.57% 7 PSOE 190,235 19.05% 5 UCD 168,607 13.93% 5 HB 149,685 14.99% 3 EE 80,098 8.02% 1 132,369 13.25%
[98]
1977
 PNV 296,193 29.28% 8 PSOE 267,897 26.48% 7 UCD 129,600 12.81% 4 AP 71,909 7.11% 1 EE 61,417 6.07% 1 184,723 18.26%
[99]

Graph of Results, by Seats Gained[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes and references[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Aranguren was chosen as an alternate for Urquidizar in 1916 but was unable to take office
  2. ^ Urquidizar's election was annulled, though he later substituted Miguel Antonio de Zumalacárregui in January of 1814
  3. ^ Originally elected as an alternate, he was then chosen as a deputy due to the addition of oñati to the province increasing the seats assigned to it
  4. ^ EA won one seat with 8.22% of the vote
  5. ^ EE won one seat with 8.79% of the vote

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Azkuna: «Vitoria no es la capital de Euskadi»". El Correo (in European Spanish). 2010-03-12. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  2. ^ Payne, Stanley (1971). "Catalan and Basque Nationalism". Journal of Contemporary History. 6: 32.
  3. ^ "El Estatuto de Autonomia". www.euskadi.eus (in Spanish). 2004-07-16. Retrieved 2021-09-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ States falling apart? : secessionist and autonomy movements in Europe. Eva Maria Belser, Alexandra Fang-Bär, Nina Massüger, Rekha Oleschak Pillai. Bern. 2015. p. 193. ISBN 978-3-7272-5989-0. OCLC 922559018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ^ Lecours, André (2007). Basque nationalism and the Spanish state. Reno: University of Nevada Press. ISBN 978-0-87417-731-2. OCLC 174521349.
  6. ^ Estadísticas históricas de España : siglos XIX-XX. Carlos Barciela López, Albert Carreras, Xavier Tafunell, BBVA. Fundación. (2. ed. rev. and expanded ed.). Bilbao: Fundación BBVA. 2005. p. 1054. ISBN 84-96515-00-1. OCLC 66279907.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ^ a b Estadísticas históricas de España : siglos XIX-XX. Carlos Barciela López, Albert Carreras, Xavier Tafunell, BBVA. Fundación. (2. ed. rev. and expanded ed.). Bilbao: Fundación BBVA. 2005. ISBN 84-96515-00-1. OCLC 66279907.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  8. ^ Casals Bergés, Quintí (2012). "Proceso electoral y prosopografía de los diputados de las Cortes Extraordinarias de Cádiz (1810-1813)". ISSN 1576-4729. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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  12. ^ "Miguel Antonio de Zumalacárregui y de Imaz | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  13. ^ "Francisco Ramón Eguía Letona | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  14. ^ "Buscador histórico - Congreso de los Diputados - SAENZ DE NAVARRETE , FAUSTO". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  28. ^ "Buscador histórico - Congreso de los Diputados - ROMERO , JOSE FERNANDO". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  30. ^ "Buscador histórico - Congreso de los Diputados - LOIZAGA VILDOSOLA , CASIMIRO". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  31. ^ "Casimiro Loizaga Vildósola | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  32. ^ "Buscador histórico - Congreso de los Diputados - YANDIOLA GARAY , JUAN ANTONIO". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  33. ^ "Juan Antonio Yandiola Garay | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  34. ^ "Juan Bautista Goicoechea Urrutia | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  35. ^ "Buscador histórico - Congreso de los Diputados - GOICOECHEA Y URRUTIA , JUAN BAUTISTA". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  36. ^ "Buscador histórico - Congreso de los Diputados - ALAVA Y ESQUIVEL , MIGUEL RICARDO DE". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  37. ^ "Miguel Ricardo Álava y Esquivel | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  38. ^ "Buscador histórico - Congreso de los Diputados - RAMIREZ DE LA PISCINA , MARTIN". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  39. ^ "Buscador histórico - Congreso de los Diputados - FERRER Y CAFRANGA , JOAQUIN MARIA". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. ^ "Juan Tomás Joaquín María Ferrer Cafranga | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
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  45. ^ "Buscador histórico - Congreso de los Diputados - APOITA MALLAGARAY , JOSE DE". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  46. ^ "Buscador histórico - Congreso de los Diputados - TORRE Y LAS CASAS , DOMINGO EULOGIO DE LA". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  48. ^ "Fausto Otazu Balancegui". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  49. ^ "Joaquin Maria Ferrer y Cafranga". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  50. ^ "Jose Joaquin Mariategui". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  51. ^ "Jose Manuel Collado Parada". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  52. ^ "Juan Esteban Izaga Beltran de Guevara". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  53. ^ "Jacinto de Romarate Salamanca". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  54. ^ "Jose Ventura de Aguirre Solarte Iturraspe". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  55. ^ "Martin de los Heros y de las Barcenas". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  56. ^ "Manuel Ezequiel de Echevarria". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  57. ^ "Jose Manuel Collado Parada". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  58. ^ "Joaquin Maria Ferrer y Cafranga". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  59. ^ "Jose Ventura de Aguirre Solarte Iturraspe". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  60. ^ "Martin de los Heros y de las Barcenas". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  61. ^ "Manuel Ezequiel de Echevarria". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  62. ^ "Jose Manuel Collado Parada". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  63. ^ "Joaquin Maria Ferrer y Cafranga". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  64. ^ "Jose Ventura de Aguirre Solarte Iturraspe". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  65. ^ "Martin de los Heros y de las Barcenas". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  66. ^ "Manuel Ezequiel de Echevarria". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  67. ^ "Pedro Tercero". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  68. ^ "Joaquin Maria Ferrer y Cafranga". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  69. ^ "Miguel Antonio de Zumalacarregui e Imaz". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  70. ^ "Jose Agustin de Larramendi Muguruza". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  71. ^ "Martin de los Heros y de las Barcenas". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  72. ^ "Juan Ramon de Arana Landazuri". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  73. ^ "Pedro de Lemonauria Puch". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  74. ^ "Blas Lopez". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2022-01-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  75. ^ "Vicente Santos". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2022-01-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  76. ^ "Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2022-01-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  77. ^ "Miguel Antonio de Zumalacarregui e Imaz". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2022-01-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  78. ^ "Jose Agustin de Larramendi Muguruza". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2022-01-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  79. ^ "Francisco de Hormaeche". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2022-01-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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