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Typhoon Vernon
Typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Vernon late on August 24
FormedAugust 21, 1993 (August 21, 1993)
DissipatedAugust 28, 1993 (August 28, 1993)
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 130 km/h (80 mph)
1-minute sustained: 150 km/h (90 mph)
Lowest pressure965 hPa (mbar); 28.5 inHg
Areas affectedJapan
Part of the 1993 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Vernon[nb 1][nb 2]

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Forming east of the Mariana Islands while Typhoon Tasha struck China and Typhoon Keoni was moving over open water, Vernon originated from an area of deep convection embedded within the monsoon trough north of Pohnpei that was first observed by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) on the morning of August 18. At 17:00 UTC on August 20, following an increase in the system's convection, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert.[1][3] Midday on August 21, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded the system into a tropical depression.[4][nb 3][nb 4] Following an increase in organization and a Dvorak intensity estimate of T1.5/50 km/h (30 mph), the JTWC followed suit and declared the system a tropical depression at the same time. Early the next morning, a Dvorak estimate of T2.5/65 km/h (40 mph) resulted in the JTWC upgrading the depression into Tropical Storm Vernon.[1] At 06:00 UTC on August 22, the JMA upgraded Vernon into a tropical storm.[7]

After tracking north-northwest for 18 hours, Vernon briefly turned west on August 22 as it gradually intensified.[8] The JMA upgraded Vernon into a severe tropical storm at noon on August 23.[4] Following a Dvorak intensity estimate of T4.0/75 mph (120 km/h), the JTWC upgraded Vernon into a typhoon at 00:00 UTC on August 24,[1] although the JMA did not follow suit until 30 hours later.[4] Continuing to intensify, Vernon tracked west-northwest. Late on August 24, the JTWC estimated that Vernon obtained its peak intensity of 145 km/h (90 mph). At noon the next day, the JMA estimated that the typhoon reached its peak wind speed of 130 km/h (80 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 965 mbar (28.5 inHg).[7] Tracking northwest,[8] the storm, according to the JMA, maintained its peak intensity for 15 hours before starting to weaken and undergo extratropical transition.[1][4] Vernon began to recurve the north-northwest, passing east of Toyko and skirting Honshu on August 27.[1][8] Both the JTWC and JMA reported that Vernon weakened below typhoon intensity that day.[7] At 00:00 UTC on August 28, the JTWC declared Vernon an extratropical cyclone. At the time, the system was located in the Sea of Okhotsk.[1] Three hours later, the JMA followed suit, although they continued to track the storm until the evening of August 30.[4]

Impact

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The cyclone dropped heavy rainfall across northern portions of the Japanese archipelago.[9] A total of 340 mm (13 in) occurred on Mount Zaō, most of which fell within a 24 hour period.[10] A peak hourly rainfall total of 64 mm (2.5 in) was observed in Toyko.[11] Meanwhile, a peak wind gust of 76 km/h (47 mph) was recorded in Miyake-jima.[12]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Many currencies are converted from Japanese yen to United States Dollars using this with an exchange rate of the year 1993.
  2. ^ All damage totals are in 1993 values of their respective currencies.
  3. ^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[5]
  4. ^ Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10‑minute wind speeds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1‑minute wind speeds.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (1994). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1993 (PDF) (Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. p. 56. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  2. ^ "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  3. ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[2]
  4. ^ a b c d e "RSMC Best Track Data - 1990-1999" (.TXT). Japan Meteorological Agency. January 4, 1992. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  5. ^ "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  6. ^ Christopher W Landsea; Hurricane Research Division (April 26, 2004). "Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?". Frequently Asked Questions. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). 1993 Typhoon VERNON (1993229N10159). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  8. ^ a b c Hong Kong Observatory (1994). "Part III – Tropical Cyclone Summaries". Meteorological Results: 1993 (PDF). Meteorological Results (Report). Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  9. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 199306 (Vernon). Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  10. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS ZAOSAN (35476) @ Typhoon 199311. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  11. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS TOKYO (44131) @ Typhoon 199311. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  12. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS MIYAKEJIMA (44226) @ Typhoon 199311. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 26, 2020.

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