User:Trust Is All You Need/Communism

19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

File:Opening ceremony of 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (VOA).jpg Great Hall auditorium
Native name	中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会
Date	18–24 October 2017
Duration	6 days
Venue	Great Hall of the People
Location	Beijing, China
Type	National Congress
Theme	elect 19th Central Committee and the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
Organised by	18th Politburo
Participants	2,280 representatives and 74 specially invited representatives
Website	19th.cpcnews.cn/english/index.html

Trust Is All You Need/Communism
Traditional Chinese	中國共產黨第十九次全國代表大會
Simplified Chinese	中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Dìshíjiǔcì Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì
Abbreviation
Chinese	十九大
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Shíjiǔ Dà

The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (commonly referred to as Shíjiǔ Dà; Chinese: 十九大) was held at the Great Hall of the People, Beijing, between 18 and 24 October 2017. 2,280 delegates represented the party's estimated 89 million members. Preparations for the 19th National Congress began in 2016 and ended with the 7th CC Plenary Session, which lasted 4 days. In 2016 local and provincial party organizations began electing delegates to the congress as well as receiving and amending party documents.

During the congress, a new guiding ideology, labelled Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, was written into the party's constitution. It is the first ideology since Deng Xiaoping Theory which included a party leader's name and the first time since Mao Zedong Thought that living party leader enshrined into the party constitution an ideology named after himself.

The 19th National Congress elected a new Central Committee and a new Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. The 19th National Congress emphasized, through amendments to the party constitution, the need to strengthen socialism with Chinese characteristics, party-buidling, socialist rule of law and to reach the economic goals set forth at previous party congresses.

Preparations

The drafting process of the Report of the 18th Central Committee began in mid-to-late 2016, probably before the 6th Plenary Session according to Alice Miller. Normal procedure is that the sitting Politburo appoints a drafting committee that is responsible for researching major topics and can establish investigative research teams. The Draft Report is sent to party groups, such as the provincial party organisation, to government institutions, the People's Liberation Army and select mass organisations while the drafting committee consults with leading specialists. The 6th Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, which sat 24–27 October 2016, in its communique stated that the 19th National Congress would be held in Beijing in the second half of 2017. The drafting process continued after the 6th Plenary Session, and by summer 2017, forums for party and non-party members in Beijing were established to review the draft report. At some point in the process, retired party elders are consulted.

The 7th Plenary Session convened on 11 October and was in session until 14 October 2017. 191 CC full members and 141 CC alternate members attended the session, with CCDI members attended in a non-voting capacity. The 7th Plenary Session laid the groundworks for the 19th National Congress, and publicised the date of its convocation. The [18th Politburo put forward a motion to the 7th Plenary Session of sending three documents to the 19th National Congress; the Report of the 18th Central Committee, Work Report of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and amendments to the CPC constitution. Xi Jinping presented the report of the 18th Central Committee while Liu Yunshan presented the amendments to the CPC constitution to the 7th Plenary Session. The Work Report of the 18th CCDI had been presented by Wang Qishan at the 8th CCDI Plenary Session on 9 October, and sent to the 7th Plenary Session for approval.

The Draft Report of the 18th Central Committee was sent too more than 4,700 individuals for review, who represented various regions and departments. Six symposiums to hear opinions and suggestions on the draft report were organised, and Xi attended them. The 7th Plenary Session approved the documents.

Three days later, on 17 October, the preparatory meeting was convened and presided over by Xi. 2,307 of the 19th National Congress delegates attended the meeting. It elected 22 individuals to the Credential Committee, 243 members to the Presidium of the 19th National Congress and Liu Yunshan was elected as the Secretary-General of the 19th National Congress. In addition, the "[a]ttendees also approved the organizational setup and tasks of the secretariat of the congress." Tuo Zhen, the Deputy Head of the Publicity Department and main spokeperson for the 19th National Congress, publicised the agenda of the 19th National Congress, which had been approved by the preparatory meeting. The agenda was;
— To hear and examine a report submitted by the 18th CPC Central Committee;
— To examine a work report of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection;
— To deliberate and adopt an amendment to the Party’s Constitution;
— To elect the Party’s 19th Central Committee and its 19th Central Commission for Discipline

Delegates

The election of delegates to the 19th National Congress started on 9 November 2016 and ended in June 2017, when the 18th Central Committee had approved the quota, needed qualifications and the election procedure. The criteria of becoming a delegate became "tougher" due to the ongoing anti-corruption campaign. As set forth by the 18th central Committee, a delegate is required to "be highly qualified politically and ideologically, have good work and life styles, be competent in discussing state affairs, and have been successful in their work."

The delegates are elected from 40 electoral units. Of the 40 electoral units, 34 are divided by a defined geographical area and six units are for the central party and government. The People's Liberation Army makes up one of the six central units and is the largest in term of delegate quota. One electoral unit represents the departments directly subordinate to the Central Committee and another state-owned economy. The quote on the number of delegates can elect does not reflect population size or party size in the given region. Rather, it reflects the political importance of the given region or subject. For instance, Shanghai has historically sent the highest number of delegates to the party congresses among regional electoral units.

Delegates are elected at local the congresses of local party committees. The election process is competitive up to a point, with 15% of preliminary nominees being voted off by members during the election process. For instance, of the delegates elected at local party congresses the Jiangsi Provincial Committee nominated 90 people. The quota for the Jiangsi electoral unit was 69. In this given unit there was 30% more candidates than seats. Once nominated, the candidates are reviewed by Central Committee through the Organisation Department. The remaining delegates will then have to stand for election at the provincial party congress, and the winners represented their electoral unit at the 19th National Congress.

In the election of 2016–2017 99.2% of party members participated in the election process, and increase of 1.2% since the last congress. 2,287 delegates were elected according to Xinhua News Agency in early October, an increase of 30 delegates since the 18th National Congress. However, the number was reduced to 2,280 in an announcement on 17 October. Of the delegates, 24.1% were women and 11.5% were ethnic minorities. The number of delegates who represented or were active in frontline production and manufacturing (a category which includes workers, farmers, and technicians) made up 771 delegates (33.7%, an increase of 3.2% from the 18th National Congress).

Proceedings

Day 1 (18 October)

The 19th National Congress opened at 9 AM in the Great Hall of the People, Beijing. The proceedings of day 1 were presided over by Li Keqiang. The first order of business was singing the national anthem and standing in a tribute of silence to honour Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. Xi Jinping then delivered, on behalf of the Central Committee, the Report of the 18th Central Committee. Xi's speech lasted for 205 minutes (3 hours and 25 minutes).

The Report to the 18th Central Committee was divided into 13-chapters. Xi speech includeded everything from an overview of the performance of the 18th Central Committee, feature endeavours, the party's historical mission and the establishment of a modern China. It contained detailed information on the CPC's position on issues from housing to Hong Kong independence; soil erosion to the South China Sea; rural poverty to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; cyber-security to corruption; Marxism to military modernisation; global governance to global warming.

The report stated that socialism with Chinese characteristics had entered a "new era." In this new era the demand for a better material and cultural life, and calls for democracy , the rule of law , fairness , justice , security and the environment are growing. At the same time, the development level of social productive forces in China have advanced markedly but unbalanced regionally. As a result, the major contradictions in Chinese society have shifted from "the contradiction between the growing material and cultural needs of the people and the backward produtive forces" to the "contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life." Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era was hailed as proof that "scientific socialism is full of vitality in 21st century China".

The 19th National Congress first proposed the " new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, " thinking that it should, like Marxism-Leninism , Mao Zedong Thought , Deng Xiaoping Theory , the important thoughts of the Three Represents , and the scientific concept of development , be the guiding ideology that the CPC should adhere to for a long time to come. The report also said that on the basis of "basically building a well-off society " by the turn of this century, China will "build an all-round well-to-do society by 2020 and" basically realize modernization "by 2035, and eventually build a prosperous, democratic, Civilized, harmonious and beautiful "powerful modern socialist."

Nineteen major report pointed out the need to adhere to Marxism-Leninism , Mao Zedong Thought , Deng Xiaoping Theory , " Three Represents " important thought, the scientific development concept as a guide, and the light of the new conditions of the times, practice and completely new horizons for the deepening of the Communist Party in power After the law, a "new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics" was formed. The report proposes that from now till 2020, it is the "decisive period" for building a well-off society in an all-round way . From 2020 to 2035, these 15 years have basically brought about the socialist modernization . From then it basically realize modernization, based on the struggle for 15 years (2050), "to make our country prosperous and strong democratic Wen Ming and harmonious beauty of the socialist modernization of power ." Nineteen Report expressed the need to maintain the center of Hong Kong , Macao Special Administrative Region overall governance and protection of the right to SAR high degree of autonomy combine to ensure that one country two systems policy will not change, without wavering, to ensure that one country, two practice no distortion, no deviation. Recognizing the historical facts of the " 92 Consensus " and recognizing that both sides of the strait belong to one and the same China , the two sides can conduct dialogues and discuss issues of concern to compatriots on both sides of the Strait . There will be no obstacle for any political party and group in Taiwan to engage with the Mainland. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (NPC ) said that it is necessary to promote anti-corruption national legislation and establish a platform for covering and reporting offenses by the discipline inspection and supervision system; formulate a national inspection law and give powers and powers of inspection commission according to law, and replace them with "two measures". The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also clearly and resolutely won the crucial battle to break the poverty line, adhered to the principle of precision poverty alleviation and precision poverty alleviation , adhered to the work mechanism promulgated by the central government for overall responsibility and responsibility in cities and counties, and ensured the realization of the rural poor population by the current standards of China by 2020 Poor and poor counties all pick caps to solve the overall regional poverty, so that they can get rid of poverty, they really get rid of poverty. At the same time, we will strive to basically realize the national defense and the military modernization by 2035 and fully build the people's army into a world-class army by the middle of this century . In addition, the Central Government will set up a leading group for governing the country according to law and step up unified leadership over the rule of law in China. Deepen the practice of administering the country according to law . Strengthen the implementation and supervision of the Constitution, promote the review of constitutionality and safeguard the constitutional authority. [11] On October 24, 2017, the General Assembly approved the report on the work of the 18th Central Committee and the report on the work of the 18th Central Commission of Discipline Inspection . [3]

References

Sources

General

Plenary sessions, apparatus heads, ethnicity, the Central Committee member- and alternate membership, Politburo membership, Secretariat membership, Central Military Commission members, Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection membership, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, offices an individual held, retirement, if the individual in question is military personnel, female, has been expelled, is currently under investigation or has retired:

• "19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China Press Center" (in Chinese). Communist Party of China. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

19th National Congress resolutions

The following is a list of all resolutions and report produced by the 19th National Congress that were made available to the public.

• "Full text of resolution on CCDI work report". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
• "Full text of resolution on CPC Central Committee report". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
• "Full text of resolution on amendment to CPC Constitution". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

Bibliography

Articles and journals:

• Miller, Alice (2017). "How to Read Xi Jinping's 19th Party Congress Political Report" (PDF). China Leadership Monitor. XIV (53). Hoover Institute: 1–7.