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Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina

Lake Waccamaw is a town in Columbus County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,480 at the 2010 census.^[4]  The town surrounds Lake Waccamaw, which 9000 acres of diverse wildlife, is a key part to the revenue of the town due to the business it produces.  The young adults of the town go to school at East Columbus High School.

   Originally home to native Americans, Europeans later colonized lake Waccamaw in the 18th century.  There was building of naval stores and the discovery of turpentine oil which lead to the Manchester railroad track being created. A shingle company convert to a lumber company.  In 1910, the a group of townspeople created the Waccamaw club.

   The lake next to the town is bustling with many species of fish, birds, mollusks, and other animals.  It is home to the Waccamaw Killifish, the Waccamaw Darter, and the Waccamaw Silverside. The lake also contains the Waccamaw Fatmucket and Waccamaw Spike, two native mollusk species.  A variety of birds soar through the forest and the skies of town Lake Waccamaw. An alligator hunting ban was uplift on the town of Lake Waccamaw after 40 years of being enforced.

   There are many recreational activities that the town of lake Waccamaw provides which mostly involve Lake Waccamaw.  Tourist or townspeople can go fishing, hunting, camping, boating, or just swim in the lake. It is also a great place for people to go hiking and bird watching due to the large population of wildlife and mild terrain.  

History

Lake Waccamaw was first inhabited by native Americans before the Europeans came and colonized. Charles the Second of England granted proprietors who made individual grants to give to people who are willing to sail to the new world at the time. By the mid-18ths century Lake Waccamaw had a good amount of settlers with people like John Powell from Virginia who brought cattle. John Powell son Absalom started to buy land near the lake waccamaw. After his death they build a historical marker on his grave in lake waccamaw. John Powell other son Issac was made the first major of Brandon, County Durham militia in 1804 and justice of peace in 1806. Issac owned most of lake waccamaw. Flemington grew slowly with the help of the Wilmington-Manchester railroad being built. It brought the rural town access to the world. With the addition of the railroad it affected the settlement with the discover of a wonderful body of water existed here. However, with the sudden boom in naval stores and turpentine, the village began to grow. By 1869 Flemington had a post office and a hotel. On January 26, 1869, Charles Oscar Beers started his shingle industry along the southern shore of Lake Waccamaw. At the time another similar company has also started south of the lake by Henry Bascom Short just after Beers started his company. Eventually the two companies came together and a new company formed by Short and Beers. Over time the company went from producing shingles to becoming the North carolina lumber company. Around 1910 a local group formed the Waccamaw Club. The club served as a gathering place for hunting parties and house parties. Later the Club was left behind, and the building than became the Waggaman Hotel. The Lake Waccamaw Depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Geography

Lake waccamaw is located on the Carolina bay which is located on the coast of North-South Carolina (34.3191° N, 78.5000° W).The lake first appeared after a supposed meteorite hit which formed the carolina bays including the lake. The town of lake waccamaw is roughly about 9,000 acres which is between 2-3 square miles. It is a small Rural area not having about 2 thousand residents. Lake waccamaw is the largest lake in the Carolina Bays being 20 feet deep compared to its surrounding lakes of 15 feet and 11 feet. The Waccamaw River is a river, approximately 140 miles (225 km) long, in southeastern North Carolina and eastern South Carolina in the United States. It takes an area of about 1110 square miles (2886 km²) in the coastal plain along the eastern border between North and South carolina which leads into the Atlantic Ocean. The upper part of the river is a slow moving river, known as a blackwater river, surrounded by vast wetlands. Along its lower course, it is lined by sandy banks and old plantation homes, providing an important navigation channel with a unique geography, flowing roughly parallel to the coast.

Ecology

Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina is home to Lake Waccamaw, a state park and wildlife refuge.  A wide range of animal species reside in the town of Lake Waccamaw, due to the town being right next to the lake.  There have been 52 species of fish found in Lake Waccamaw. There is also a population Red-cockaded woodpecker, Swallow-tailed kites, Parula Warblers, and Black bears that take refuge in Lake Waccamaw State Park.  The terrain of the town is also very diverse with forested wetlands, tidal marshes, and longleaf pine forests. Alligators are also part of the ecosystem of Lake Waccamaw. There was an uplift on a ban on alligator hunting in March 2018.  The ban was removed after being enforced for over 40 years. Bullfrogs, leopard frogs, and cricket frogs roam the damp environments around Lake Waccamaw. The waccamaw fatmucket, a mollusk, is a prominent in the filtration of the water in the lake.

Demographics

As of the census of 2017, there were 1,480 people and 1,015 households in Lake Waccamaw, NC. The median price for a housing unit is 252,900.

The largest racial group of the town is White at 83.8%. The next largest group is African American at 9.2%, followed by Native American at 5.4%. The remaining 1.2% of the population are from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Mixed Hispanic or Latino citizens make up 1.6% of the population. Those who identify as female make up 56.9% of the population, whereas males make up 43.1%. Men also have a higher median income than women at $32,969 per year compared to $19,250. The median household income for this area is $50,345, according to American Community Survey in 2017. A fifth of these people (22.3%) live below the poverty line.

According to the United States Census Bureau, there were 55,936 people living in Columbus County, North Carolina in 2017. There are 22,462 households, and 26,305 housing units in Columbus County. Of these households, 23.1% of the population lives in poverty. As of the 2017 data, 63% of the population identifies as white (alone,) and 30.7 of the population identifies as African American.

Ecology

    Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina is home Lake Waccamaw, a state park and wildlife refuge.  A wide range of animal species resides in the town of Lake Waccamaw, due to the town being right next to the lake.  For having a high pH and alkalinity, lake waccamaw is one of the few lakes that can harbor endemic species, which are species only native to one graphic region.  There have been 52 species of fish found in Lake Waccamaw. Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers, Swallow-Tailed Kites, and Black Bears are other animal species that take refuge in Lake Waccamaw State Park.  The Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers population has shrunk a measurable amount due to timber harvesting and the maturing of the pine forest the neighbor the lake. The Swallow-Tailed Kite population is the most dense in the town of Lake Waccamaw than in the entire state of North Carolina.  Black bears roam the town area and the forest of lake waccamaw. The forest are a perfect environment for them because of the opportunity for den sites, food, and coverage from the weather. Brown-headed nuthatches, parula warblers and white-eyed vireos are also other bird species that inhabit the town and its surroundings.  The terrain of the town is also very diverse with forested wetlands, tidal marshes, and longleaf pine forests.  The tidal marshes filter pollution of the water and in the 18th and 19th, was used for rice farming. The longleaf pine forest are home to the birds, bears, deer, and other animals the reside in the area of Lake Waccamaw.  Prescribed burning is used to keep the growth of the forest under control. Forested wetlands are critical in reducing the risk of flooding and shelter for all organisms. They provide opportunities for feeding on these organisms when the water rises.  Alligators are also part of the ecosystem of Lake Waccamaw. There was an uplift on a ban on alligator hunting in March 2018. The ban was removed after being enforced for over 40 years. The reason for the ban was that the alligators were getting over hunted, but now the population is back to normal.  Bullfrogs, leopard frogs, and cricket frogs roam the damp environments around Lake Waccamaw. The waccamaw fatmucket, a mollusk, is a prominent in the filtration of the water in the lake. The Venus-hair fern, green-fly orchid, seven-angled pipewort, narrowleaf yellow pond lily, and water arrowhead are native plants of town Lake Waccamaw.  These are considered rare.

Lake Waccamaw

Lake Waccamaw is home to North Carolina's largest natural freshwater lake, and the largest of the North Carolina Bay Lakes at 8,938 acres. Lake Waccamaw is called a Bay Lake not because it is a body of water, but because of the abundance of Sweet Bay, and Red Bay trees growing beside the shore. The lake is roughly 5.2 miles by 3.5 miles in length and is estimated to be between 10,000 and 15,000 years old. Numerous other bodies of water feed into Lake Waccamaw including the Waccamaw River, and four smaller creeks, the largest of which is called Big Creek. Lake Waccamaw also has an unusually high PH level is due to an abundance of calcareous formations that underline the bottom of the lake, and have dissolved into Lake Waccamaw over time. These formations have caused steep bluffs on the north shore of the lake where the calcareous mixture is deposited. These calcareous formations do underlie most North Carolinan Lakes, but Lake Waccamaw is the only Bay Lake with these formations. According to the North Carolina Academy of Science, Lake Waccamaw is also unique in that it is the only Bay Lake with a high enough pH and alkalinity to support endemic species or Invertebrate. Endemic species are species that are found in only one location, or habitat in the whole world. Lake Waccamaw is home to endemic fish such as the Waccamaw Darter, the Waccamaw Killfish, and the Waccamaw Silverside. Lake Waccamaw is also home to two species of endemic mussels and clams, the Waccamaw Spike and the Waccamaw Fatmucket. Lastly, there are two known endemic snail species, the Waccamaw amnicola and the Waccamaw Siltsnail.

Lake Waccamaw has many recreation activities available as visitors can camp, fish, hunt, go boating, or picnic. With seven miles of trails to explore, and fifty-two species of game and non-game fish, there is plenty for visitors to do and experience. One of the most popular places to visit and fish at is the Bohemian Girl Scenic Bridge, named in honor of John A McNeil, a celebrated citizen. The bridge completes a 14-mile path around the lake, and has numerous fishing platforms as well as a panoramic view of the lake.

Development of the Lake

Many scientists worry about possible contamination of the lake. Lake Waccamaw's water is within the acceptable, pre-established, heath guidelines and legal limits established by the Safe Drinking Water Act. However, there is a high level of chloroform present in the Lake, at 4.43 ppb (parts per billion) out of an allowed 14 ppb. . Chloroform is a Trihalomethane that is often used as a fumigant for wheat products, a coolant, and as a cleaning spot remover. Chloroform is a naturally occurring substance, but it's presence in water in almost always man-made.

Education

East Columbus High School was founded in Lake Waccamaw in 1992, receiving students from the Lake Waccamaw, Riegelwood, Delco, and Hallsboro residential areas. It incorporates students from the Acme-Delco and Hallsboro Middle Schools. The school's mascot is the Gator. Lake Waccamaw is also home to the Boys and Girls Homes of North Carolina, the only private school for twelve miles. The Boys and Girls Homes of North Carolina is a private boarding school that strives to provide a good education for students age 6-21 who have experienced trauma or been victims of violence.

Waccamaw Siouan Tribe

The Waccamaw Siouan Indians are one of eight Indian tribes recognized by the North Carolinan government. The Waccamaw Siouan Indians are not affiliated with the Waccamaw People of North Carolina or the Waccamaw Siouxan of Farmers Union South Carolina. The Lake Waccamaw Indians are known as the "People of the Falling Star" because of the humongous meteorite that crashed to earth years ago and created the crater that is now Lake Waccamaw. The Waccamaw Siouan live on the edge of the Green Swamp, in a closed, protected swampland refuge. The Waccamaw Indians were originally called the Waccon and then the Waccammassus Indians, but their name was changed to Waccamaw by white settlers as it was more convenient.

Bibliography

• Burge, Erin J.; King, Stanley D. Southeastern Naturalist. 2015, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p197-212. 16p. 2 Charts, 2 Graphs. DOI: 10.1656/058.014.0115
• Cahoon, L. B., Kucklick, J. R., Kiefer, R. H., & Willey, J. D. (1993). The effects of chemical weathering on limestone dissolution and phosphate release into lake waccamaw, north carolina. The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 109(3), 123-134. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/50253191?accountid=11667
• Cahoon, L.B; Stager, J.C, "The Age and Trophic History of Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina" The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 103(1),1987, pp.1-13. defendgaia.org/bobk/wacbay.html 26 Mar 2019
• "Chloroform." Wisconsin Department of Health Services, //www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/chemical/chloroform.htm, 23 Mar. 2019
• Environmental Working Group; "Town of Lake Waccamaw Water System." NYTimes.com. 6 May 2012. //www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/toxic-waters/contaminants/nc/columbus/nc0424045-lake-waccamaw-town-of/index.html 21 Mar. 2019
• Howell, N., Krings, A., & Braham, R. R. (2016). Guide to the littoral zone vascular flora of carolina bay lakes (U.S.A.). Biodiversity Data Journal, 4(1) doi:10.3897/BDJ.4.e7964
• Krabbenhoft, Trevor J.; Rohde, Fred C.; Quattro, Joseph M. Environmental Biology of Fishes. Feb2009, Vol. 84 Issue 2, p173-174. 2p. 1 Diagram. DOI: 10.1007/s10641-008-9401-3
• Lake Waccamaw State Park. "Ecology." Ncparks.gov. North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation, n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2019. //www.ncparks.gov/lake-waccamaw-state-park/ecology.
• McCartney, M. A., Bogan, A. E., Sommer, K. M., & Wilbur, A. E. (2016). Phylogenetic analysis of lake waccamaw endemic freshwater mussel species. American Malacological Bulletin, 34(2), 109-120.

External links

https://www.census.gov/search-results.html?q=lake+waccamaw+&page=1&stateGeo=none&searchtype=web&cssp=SERP&_charset_=UTF-8http://lakewaccamaw.com

https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/?intcmp=serphttps://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html?intcmp=serp

https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF

http://defendgaia.org/bobk/wacbay.html

https://nrcolumbus.com/news/bridge-honors-mcneill-bohemian-girl/

https://www.ncparks.gov/lake-waccamaw-state-park/ecology

https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/

https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/chemical/chloroform.htm

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/toxic-waters/contaminants/nc/columbus/nc0424045-lake-waccamaw-town-of/index.html

How to Write a Good Wikipedia Article on a Children’s Cartoonist

1.) Notability: To begin writing a Wikipedia article on a children’s cartoonist, pick a historical figure who greatly influences childhood animation. Be sure to pick a cartoonist who is reputable, such as Walt Disney or Dr. Seuss, but too obscure to have an article already. To make sure you don’t choose someone too obscure, review Wikipedia’s guidelines on what qualifies as a person worth researching ( Wikipedia:Notability.)

2.) Research: Begin research on that notable cartoonist to determine if it you should write an article on them, or if you should improve upon an old article about a different cartoonist that is related/ or the same but under a different pen name.

3.) Practice: Practice writing an article. Find older articles on cartoonists that need updating and improve them. It may be helpful to improve on a cartoonist’s article with an incomplete lead section to begin. You can view a complete list of articles that need improved lead sections here: Category:Wikipedia introduction cleanup.

4.) Choose Sources: Dive deeper in your research by collecting a variety of effective sources that could be helpful in the writing process. Make sure all the chosen sources are well-researched and come from reputable and credible places. It may be helpful to begin your research by skimming through the further reading and biography sections of other children cartoonists like Dr. Seuss. Generally, the number of sources for a big children’s animator like Walt Disney or is about 175-250 sources. Smaller cartoonists however, like the Looney Tunes' Chuck Jones or Tom and Jerry producer Joseph Barbera have source counts closer to 50-100. Lastly, make sure to begin categorizing and organizing your sources early on so that when your article is finished, there are no quotes, information, or statistics that are un-cited(Wikipedia:Citing sources.)

5.) Outline: Start outlining the article by determining what should be the subcategories and headings of the article. Good subtitles to use would be biography, career, pen names, and cartoons/works. To better determine what subcategories to use, research other Wikipedia articles on cartoonists such as Shel Silverstein and Walt Disney. To view a well-formatted, concise article, consider basing your format off of cartoonist Charles M. Schulz, who's article is extremely detailed yet precise.

6.) Lead section: Begin writing the lead section of your article. This section provides context to your article and explains why your particular cartoonist is notable enough to deserve an article. Be sure to make this section as thorough as possible without making it too lengthy; the lead section could likely be the only section read by readers skimming for main points.

7.) Write: Go through your outline and add information and meat to each subcategory. Make sure to be thorough in your writing and research as many cartoonists, like author and artist Shel Silverstein, dabble in more than one area of artistic content. Cartoonists like Silverstein need more subtitles and research in order to cover all their notable achievements. Don’t forget to add wikilinks to other cartoonists and your subjects most reputable cartoon works, like Disney's Mickey Mouse, or Barbera's Huckleberry Hound.

8.) Revise: Start to revise your article. If possible, ask a wikipedia editor or a more experienced writer to help you revise. You want to be sure your article is concise, well organized, and cleanly formatted. To keep your article concise, consider keeping your word count at about 3,000 words, the mean of four top childrens cartoonists articles.  Remember that Editingand Revision (writing)are two different things.

9.) Edit: After revising, begin editing.

10.) Visual aids: Add relevant visual aids such as photos, graphs, and statistics. Any notable children’s animator likely has numerous cartoons that can used as visual aids in your article. A good way to plan the layout of your aids would be to view a pre-existing articles format. Walt Disney’s article includes 3 photos of his important works and nine photos of himself and peers.

11.) Further readings: Add relevant further readings that your audience can use to find out more about Children’s cartoon artists to improve upon their understanding.

Directions for Writing a Good Wikipedia Article

1.) To begin writing a Wikipedia article, a relevant topic must be chosen. Wikipedia has guidelines on what qualifies as a topic worth researching( Wikipedia:Notability.)

2.) Begin research on that suitable topic to determine if it you should write an article on it or if you should improve upon an old article that is related/ or the same but under a different name.

3.) Practice writing an article. Find older articles that need updating and improve them. It may be helpful to improve upon an incomplete lead section to begin. You can view a complete list of articles that need improved lead sections Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section)

4.) Dive deeper in your research by collecting a variety of effective sources that could be helpful in the writing process. Make sure all the chosen sources are well-researched and come from reputable and credible places. Make sure to begin categorizing and organizing your sources early on so that when your article is finished, there are no quotes, information, or statistics that are un-cited(Wikipedia:Citing sources.)

5. Start outlining the article by determining what should be the subcategories and headings of the article. To determine what subcategories to use, research other Wikipedia articles that are on similar topics.

6. Begin writing the lead section, this section acts as the introduction to your article and could likely be the only section read by readers skimming for main points.

7.) Go through your outline and fill in the remainder and the meat of the article.

8.) Start to revise your article. If possible, ask a wikipedia editor or a more experienced writer to help you revise. Remember that editing and revising are two different things.

9.) After revising, begin editing.

10.) Add relevant visual aids such as photos, graphs, and statistics

11.) Add relevant further readings that your audience can use to find out more about the topic to improve upon their understanding.

Directions for Writing a Good Wikipedia Article

1.) To begin writing a Wikipedia article, a relevant topic must be chosen. Wikipedia has guidelines on what qualifies as a topic worth researching( Wikipedia:Notability.)

2.) Begin research on that suitable topic to determine if it you should write an article on it or if you should improve upon an old article that is related/ or the same but under a different name.

3.) Practice writing an article. Find older articles that need updating and improve them. It may be helpful to improve upon an incomplete lead section to begin.

4.) Dive deeper in your research by collecting a variety of effective sources that could be helpful in the writing process. Begin categorizing and organizing your sources early on so that later when your article is finished, you don't have quotes and information that is un-cited(Wikipedia:Citing sources.)

5. Start outlining the article by determining what should be the subcategories and headings of the article.

6. Begin writing the lead section, this section acts as the introduction to your article and could likely be the only section read by readers skimming for main points.

7.) Go through your outline and fill in the remainder and the meat of the article.

8.) Start to revise your article. If possible, ask a wikipedia editor or a more experienced writer to help you revise. Remember that editing and revising are two different things.

9.) After revising, begin editing.

10.) Add relevant visual aids such as photos, graphs, and statistics

11.) Add relevant further readings that your audience can use to find out more about the topic to improve upon their understanding.

Dance Wicked

No lead section currently

Dance wicked is reggae artist Michael Rose (singer) third studio album. Released in 1997, Dance Wicked blends reggae scatting and Rose’s signature “ tu tu tweng” for a unique fusion of styles including New Jack Swing. This album features New Jack Swing artist Maxi Priest. Although Dance Wicked is one of Michael Rose's less popular albums, Dance Wicked earned Rose a Grammy and was nominated for numerous other awards.