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Physiology

Neurovascular patterning

Neurovascular development is the parallel emergence and patterning of the nervous system and the vascular system during embryogenesis and early life^[1]. Neurovascular congruency appears to be determined by shared molecular patterning mechanism involving axon guidance that involves axonal guidance molecules such as Sema3A (Semaphorin 3A) and NRP1 (Neuropilin)^[2].

Mechanisms

Neuroangiogenic and axonal guidance molecules act on both neuronal growth cones and endothelial tip cells in order to guide growth.

Neuronal growth cones are situated on the tips of nerve cells and are responsive to different factors, both positive and negative. Growth of the neuron occurs by an extension of the actin (red in image) and microtubule (green in image) cytoskeleton^[3].

Tip cells found at the extremity of the developing blood vessel control adjacent endothelial cells to direct growth. Tip cells have receptors and ligands via which they respond to local neuroangiogenic factors^[4].

^ Bautch, Victoria L.; James, Jennifer M. "Special Focus: Angiogenesis in the Central Nervous System Neurovascular development The beginning of a beautiful friendship". Taylor and Francis Online. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ Bates, Damien; Taylor, G. Ian; Minichiello, Joe; Farlie, Peter; Cichowitz, Adam; Watson, Nadine; Klagsbrun, Micheal; Mamluk, Roni; Newgreen, Donald F. "Neurovascular congruence results from a shared patterning mechanism that utilizes Semaphorin3A and Neuropilin-1". Science Direct. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ Park, JA; Choi, KS; Kim, SY; Kim, KW. "Coordinated interaction of the vascular and nervous systems: from molecule to cell-based approaches". Research Gate. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ Park, JA; Choi, KS; Kim, SY; Kim, KW. "Coordinated interaction of the vascular and nervous systems: from molecule to cell-based approaches". Research Gate. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[1] Bautch, Victoria L.; James, Jennifer M. "Special Focus: Angiogenesis in the Central Nervous System Neurovascular development The beginning of a beautiful friendship". Taylor and Francis Online. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[2] Bates, Damien; Taylor, G. Ian; Minichiello, Joe; Farlie, Peter; Cichowitz, Adam; Watson, Nadine; Klagsbrun, Micheal; Mamluk, Roni; Newgreen, Donald F. "Neurovascular congruence results from a shared patterning mechanism that utilizes Semaphorin3A and Neuropilin-1". Science Direct. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[3] Park, JA; Choi, KS; Kim, SY; Kim, KW. "Coordinated interaction of the vascular and nervous systems: from molecule to cell-based approaches". Research Gate. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[4] Park, JA; Choi, KS; Kim, SY; Kim, KW. "Coordinated interaction of the vascular and nervous systems: from molecule to cell-based approaches". Research Gate. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

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