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Human genetics

Human traits with simple inheritance patterns[edit]

Main article: List of Mendelian traits in humans
Dominant Recessive References
Low heart rate High heart rate [1]
Widow's peak straight hair line [2][3]
Facial Dimples ** No Facial Dimples [4][5]
Able to taste PTC Unable to taste PTC [6]
Unattached (free) earlobe Attached earlobe [4][7][8]
Clockwise hair direction (left to right) Counter-Clockwise hair direction (right to left) [9]
Cleft chin smooth chin [10]
straight nose turned up nose
Ability to roll tongue (Able to hold tongue in a U shape) No ability to roll tongue
extra finger or toe Normal 5 fingers and toes
straight Pinkies Crooked Pinkies
Straight Thumb Hitchhiker's Thumb
Freckles No Freckles [4][11]
Wet-type earwax Dry-type earwax [7][12]
Curly Hair Straight Hair
shortness in fingers Normal finger length
Abundant body hair Little body hair
Broad Lips Slender Lips
Broad nose narrow nose
High blood pressure Low blood pressure
Webbed Fingers Normal separated fingers
dominant left thumb dominant right Thumb
Nearsightedness Normal vision
Mid digit Hair no mid digit hair
Morton's toe hammer toe
Hair on back of hand no manus hair
Roman nose no prominent bridge [13]
short statue tall statue
Migraines none
large eyes Small eyes
tone deafness normal hearing
Darker hair Lighter hair [14]
normal night vision Night blindness
different colour temple highlights same colour temple highlights
Clubbed thumb regular size
oval shaped face square shape [15]
separated eyebrows Joined eyebrow
long eyelashes short eyelashes
Photic sneeze reflex no ACHOO reflex [16]
forged chin Receding chin [17]
White Forelock Dark Forelock [18]
Straight thumb curved thumb
ability to move ears can't move ears
situs solitus left-sided heart Situs inversus right-sided heart
Ligamentous angustus Ligamentous Laxity [19]
High cholestrol Low cholestrol
Darwin's tubercle curved ear Helix
Almond eye shape Rounded eye Shape
two palmar tendons three palmar tendons
no urinal colouration Beeturia [20]
two wrist tendons three wrist tendon [21]
straight lip line Cupid's bow
Wide mouth narrow mouth [22]
rounded nose shape pointed nose shape
rounded nostrils flared nostrils
no hair on earlobes hair on earlobes
straight eyes slanted eyes
* darker eyebrows than normal hair * lighter eyebrows than normal hair
Hapsburg lip no protruding lip or chin
long space between commissures short space between commissures [23]

Notes[edit]

  • 1.Facial dimples vary if the individual is a homozygote they will have dimples in both cheeks but a heterozygote will have dimples in either the left or right cheek. [24]
  • Eyebrow colour depends if they are a heterozygote they will have matching eyebrow and normal hair colour. while a homozygote dominant wil have darker eyebrows and a homozygote recessive will have lighter eyebrows [25]
  1. ^ http://cardiology.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2006/309/4
  2. ^ Campbell, Neil (2005). Biology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. p. 265. ISBN 0073661759. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, ID=194000 [1]
  4. ^ a b c Singapore Science Centre: ScienceNet|Life Sciences|Genetics/ Reproduction
  5. ^ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, ID=126100 [2]
  6. ^ Natural selection at work in genetic variation to taste
  7. ^ a b Cruz-Gonzalez L., Lisker R. (1982). "Inheritance of ear wax types, ear lobe attachment and tongue rolling ability". Acta Anthropogenet. 6 (4): 247–54. PMID 7187238.
  8. ^ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, ID=128900 [3]
  9. ^ http://udel.edu/~mcdonald/mythhairwhorl.html
  10. ^ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, ID=119000 [4]
  11. ^ Xue-Jun Zhang et al. "A Gene for Freckles Maps to Chromosome 4q32–q34" Journal of Investigative Dermatology (2004) 122, 286–290 [5]
  12. ^ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, ID=117800 [6]
  13. ^ http://education.sdsc.edu/download/enrich/mendelian_traits.pdf
  14. ^ http://www.blinn.edu/socialscience/ldthomas/feldman/handouts/0203hand.htm
  15. ^ http://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/jiwilliams/Human_Traits.htm
  16. ^ http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=looking-at-the-sun-can-trigger-a-sneeze
  17. ^ http://education.sdsc.edu/download/enrich/mendelian_traits.pdf
  18. ^ http://www.edquest.ca/component/content/article/25/
  19. ^ Scott, C. I. (1971). "Unusual facies, joint hypermobility, genital anomaly and short stature: A new dysmorphic syndrome". Birth Defects Original Article Series. 7 (6): 240–246. PMID 5173168.
  20. ^ http://udel.edu/~mcdonald/mythbeeturia.html
  21. ^ https://room114.wikispaces.com/Human+Traits+Explored
  22. ^ http://www.fofweb.com/onfiles/seof/science_experiments/4-11.pdf
  23. ^ http://faculty.nwacc.edu/bhintert/documents/HumanGenetics.pdf
  24. ^ http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=18
  25. ^ http://www.fofweb.com/onfiles/seof/science_experiments/4-11.pdf
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