User:SilvaHenry45/Naval Strategy
Impact of the World Wars[edit]
Change of Fuel from Coal to Oil[edit]
Before the start of the 1st world war, many Naval War ships ran on coal and manpower. This was very inefficient but the only way they could power these ships at the time. Half the crew on these ships were there to maintain the coal but oil was seen more efficient to where the amount of men needed to maintain it were nowhere near as many[1]. With the newfound use of oil, the benefits were abundant for the war ships. With the use of Oil, ships were able to travel at 17 knots[1]. This was drastically different compared to the 7 knots ships traveled before with the use of oil[1]. Coal also took up more space in the ships. Oil can be stored in multiple tanks where they all circumvent to one place to be used unlike coal which was stored in the ship, in multiple rooms and had multiple boiler rooms[1]. Oil was seen to be more efficient.
World War I[edit]
Leading up to WWI, there was a naval arms race in Europe[2]. With this race introducing many innovations to navies across Europe, in 1906 the British unveiled a new revolutionary warship called the HMS Dreadnought powered. This ship reached speed of 21 knots, one of the fastest at the time; this warship also had advancements in weaponry that no other nations’ navy had at the time.[3] With this, the arms race changed to which nation can build the most of those newly made warships. With these newly, heavily-armed ships it gave the allies more opportunities for blockades in the various theaters of the war.
Warfare[edit]
The submarine, introduced in World War I, led to the development of new weapons and tactics. The Germans fleet at the time was, in some people's opinion, the most advanced, and was constructed by Alfred Peter Friedrich von Tirpitz. The fleet consisted of the U-boat, and smaller class UB and UC boats.[4]
Unrestricted Warfare in WW1[edit]
Unrestricted Warfare was first introduced in the first world war by the German navy[5]. The strategy was to sink vessels without warning. The most famous incident being the sinking of the Lusitania. The strategy was considered controversial and many navies (the us especially) asked Germany to stop using said strategy[5]. Germany stopped for a bit but resumed using the strategy to attack British freighters that carried food so they could starve the British[5]. After the resuming of the strategy, many countries tried to limit the use of submarines altogether. The strategy was never abolished rather other navies started using it.
Technologies that impacted strategies in world war 1[edit]
Radio[edit]
Radio was first used by the navy in the first world war[6]. During that time radio was still in the first stages of being used so it was hard to make out audio messages, instead Navies used mores code to communicate messages between other naval ships and naval bases[6]. By having this technology, naval bases were able to communicate when they gained intel without using a physical messenger[6].
World War 2[edit]
Submarine Warfare[edit]
Unrestricted Warfare in WW2[edit]
In World War 2 many different Navies started using the Unrestricted Warfare strategy[5]. The first instance being in The Battle of the Atlantic which was fought between the Germans, Italians and Allies and the final instance being the Pacific War where the US targeted Japan[5].
Carrier-Based Warfare[edit]
Technologies that impacted strategies in world war 2.[edit]
Radar[edit]
Going into the 2nd world war, militaries were exposed to this new technology called the Radar.[6] The radar was used by Navies (especially the U.S. and U.K.) to detect planes and ships that were entering the nation’s coastal zone and detecting objects that passed by their naval vessels.[6] The Navies were able to use radar to plan out strategies to know where enemy ships were before planning out attacks as well as knowing when enemies were coming to attack their vessels.
Radio[edit]
The radio was also a vital part in communicating messages in the 2nd world war like it did in the first[6] but the major difference was more navies had access to the technology of the radio and that militaries used the radio to communicate how the war was going to the general public.
Sources[edit]
- ^ a b c d Goldrick, James (2014-06-04). "Coal and the Advent of the First World War at Sea". War in History. 21 (3): 322–337. doi:10.1177/0968344513504861. ISSN 0968-3445.
- ^ Frothingham, Thomas G. (1925-01-31). The Naval History of the World War. Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-33269-0.
- ^ "Paul G. Halpern. <italic>A Naval History of World War I</italic>. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. 1994. Pp. xiii, 591. $55.00". The American Historical Review. 1996-02. doi:10.1086/ahr/101.1.157. ISSN 1937-5239.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Bönker, Dirk (2012-02-17). Militarism in a Global Age: Naval Ambitions in Germany and the United States before World War I. Cornell University Press. doi:10.7591/cornell/9780801450402.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-8014-5040-2.
- ^ a b c d e Sturma, Michael (2009-09-15). "Atrocities, Conscience, and Unrestricted Warfare". War in History. 16 (4): 447–468. doi:10.1177/0968344509341686. ISSN 0968-3445.
- ^ a b c d e f Dow, J.B. "Navy Radio and Electronics during World War II". Proceedings of the IRE. 34 (5): 284–287. doi:10.1109/jrproc.1946.229632. ISSN 0096-8390.