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Residents of the House of Government

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Vladimir Viktorovich Adoratsky

  • Director of the Marx-Engels-Lenin Institute at the Party Central Committee.

Alexsandr Arosev (Z)

  • Military leader of the Bolshevik uprising in Moscow in October 1917; chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Tribunal of Ukraine; deputy director of the Lenin Institute; ambassador to Lithuania and Czechoslovakia; chairman of the All-Union Society for Cultural Ties with Foreign Countries (VOKS)
  • Diarist, memoirist, and short story writer
  • Son of a Kazan Merchant, Arosev became radicalized in his youth and was friends with fellow radical Skriabin (Later Molotov). (28) They were active in underground reading circles, which later were united into the "Non-Party Revolutionary Organization". (29)

Matvei Davydovich Berman

  • head of the Gulag; people's commissar of communications.

Serafim Yakovlevich Bogachev

  • secretary of the Central Committee of the Komsomol (Young Communists League)

Vatslav Antonovich Bogutsky (Waclaw Bogucki)

  • representative of the Communist Party of Poland at the Comintern Executive Committee; chairman of the Central Committee of the Trade Union of Communications Workers

Konstantin Ivanovich Butenko

  • director of the Kuznetsk Steel Plant; deputy people's commissar of heavy industry

Nikolai Nesterovich Demchenko

  • first secretary of Kiev and Kharkov Provincial Party Committees; first deputy of the people's commissar of agriculture; people's commissar of grain producing and livestock raising state farms

Robert Indrikovich Eikhe (Robert Eihe)

  • first secretary of the West Siberian Party Committee; people's commissar of agriculture

Fedor Kallistratovich Fedotov

  • trade union organizer in the United States; inmate of the Trenton Prison in New Jersey; Central Committee instructor (Central Asian Bureau). Fiction writer.

Aron Izrailevich Gaister

deputy chairman of the State Planning Committee (GOSPLAN) deputy people's commissar of agriculture.

Filipp Isaevich Goloshchenkin (Shaia Itskov, "Georges")

  • commissar of the Urals Military District (entrusted with the execution of the Tsar's family); first secretary of the Party Committee of Kazakhstan; chairman of the State Arbitrage Court

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Granovsky

  • head of construction and director of the Berezniki Chemical Plant; director of the central Administration of Railroad Construction

Ivan Mikhailovich Gronsky (Fedulov)

Boris Mikhailovich Iofan

Boris Ivanovich Ivanov (the Baker)

  • chairman of the Flour Milling Industry Directorate; deputy chairman of the Main Administration of the Canned Food Industry

Emelian Mikhailovich Ivchenko

  • House of Government guard; commander of armed labor-camp guards in Kolyma (Gulag)

Platon Mikhailovich Kerzhentsev

  • ambassador to Sweden and Italy; head of the Russian Telegraphic Agency; chairman of the League of Time; director of the Institute of Literature, Arts and Language at the Communist Academy; chief administrator of the Council of People's Commissars; chairman of the All-Union Radio Committee; chairman of the Committee for the Arts; director of the Small Soviet Encyclopedia


Nikolai Bukharin

He claimed that his father did not believe in God, was somewhat radical, and had Nikolai recite poetry for family and friends. (23) Bukharin was friends with Grigory Brilliant, who would later be known as Grigory Sokolnikov.

Valerian Osinsky (Obolensky)

A friend of Bukharin, he wrote leaflets for the Gustav List workers in the winter of 1907-1908 grew up in a radical family. (24) He was active in underground reading circles in Moscow. (29) In deciding whether to align with the Marxists or Socialist Revolutionaries (SR's) Osinisky debated a Moscow University student, Platon Lebedev (later Kerzhentsev) (31)

Aaron Soltz

believed the source of his radicalism was his Jewishness. (23)

Aleksei Stankevich

His father was a teacher and possibly an alcoholic. (24)

Feliks Kon

Grew up in a Jewish family in Warsaw of Polish nationalists. One of the oldest Bolsheviks, he was friends with Ludowik Sawicki in his youth. (25)

Karl Radek (Sobelson)

He was originally a disciple of Heinrich Heine, then became a Polish patriot and changed his name to Radek, and then a socialist and radical Marxist. (26)

Elena Stasova

A Bolshevik who was born to a prominent Moscow family. Her grandfather was an architect, her uncle was an art critic and her father was a prominent lawyer. (26)

Sergei Mitskevich

Bolshevik, gives credit for his awakening to Turgenev’s novel The Virgin Soil. (26)

Yakov Sverdlov (Y, Comrade Andrei)

From a Jewish family, was argumentative and didn't want to read what was assigned to him. He became a pharmacist's apprentice and professional revolutionary. All five of his siblings were involved in some radical activity, of which his father reportedly approved. In his youth he was friends with Vladimir (Lubotsky) Zagorsky. (28) He was active in underground reading circles. (29)


Aleksandr Voronsky (Valentin)

A revolutionary in Tambov, active in underground reading circles. (29) Voroksky and his reading group became active both in spreading propaganda and agitation, or outside rallies. (35)

Valerian Kuibyshev

Graduate of the Siberian Cadet Corps and student at Tomsk University. Kuibyshev was a Bolshevik. His father was a military commander, however all Valerian's siblings were connected to underground revolutionary activities. (34)

Karl Lander

The son of a Latvian working class family, Lander was initially drawn towards Christian socialism, but was disillusioned when he was not allowed to read secular books. He then changed allegiances and joined a Social-Democrat (Marxist) reading circle. (37)

Pavel Postyshev

A printer from Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Pavel was sent to prison in 1908 at the age of 21. While there he became friends with Lubov Matveena Belokonskaia, a local doctor's wife, who he kept in contact with through the revolutionary period. (38)

Roman Terekhov

A Donbass miner who became radicalized and later tried to kill a mechanic in his local shop. He then discovered Pravda and organized a reading circle. (38)

Vasily Orekhov

Worked as a shepherd in his local village before moving to Moscow and working in an industrial candy factory, from which he was fired. He met a nurse who taught him about Marxism and other revolutionary ideologies. (38) Eventually, Orekhov was exiled from Moscow for overturning a bowl of cabbage soup on his boss's head, and joined a Bolshevik circle in Podlosk.