User:Regina.Phalange123/sandbox

Coordinates: 39°54′N 41°42′E / 39.9°N 41.7°E / 39.9; 41.7
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Contribution Article 1[edit]

1952 Hasankale earthquake
Regina.Phalange123/sandbox is located in Turkey
Regina.Phalange123/sandbox
UTC time??
Magnitude5.8 Ms
Epicenter39°54′N 41°42′E / 39.9°N 41.7°E / 39.9; 41.7[1]
Areas affectedTurkey
Max. intensityVIII[2]
Casualties41

The 1952 Hasankale earthquake occurred at 08:03 local time on 3 January in Hasankale (today Pasinler) in Erzurum Province, Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 5.8 and a maximum felt intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing 41 casualties.

This spot has been the subject of studies due to the amount of earthquakes that occur in Turkey. 17% of earthquakes globally occur in this area. This is because the Alpide belt crosses through Turkey. [3]

The earthquakes are cause when the plates try to slide past each other on a transform boundary.[4]

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1) checked for plagerism (sentences listed in talk page of article)

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See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ NGDC. "Comments for the Significant Earthquake". Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  2. ^ Boğaziçi Üniversitesi. "Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute National Earthquake Monitoring Center (NEMC) List of earthquakes 1900 - 2004 (Büyük Depremler)" (in Turkish). Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  3. ^ Mitchell, William A. (1981). "Earthquakes in Turkey: Reconstruction Problems, Damage Prediction, and Recover Forecasting for Earthen Structures" (PDF). Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  4. ^ "earthquake | geology". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2015-11-22.


Contribution Article 2[edit]

The 2013 Cameron Highlands mud floods took place on 23 October 2013. Three people died while another was missing due to the mud flood in Bertam Valley, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia.[1] Heavy rain had occurred continuously since 7:00pm the day before, creating a need to alleviate the water in the dam the morning of the flood.[2] The water from in the dam was released three times starting with the first at midnight, then another at 1:00am, and finally again at 2:45am.[3] The flash flood occurred at 1:00am as a result of the release of the water from the Sultan Abu Bakar dam in Ringlet that forced the Bertam River to suddenly rise and breach its banks.[3] In the aftermath, around 10 kongsi houses that were on the banks of the river were destroyed, roughly 80 houses were damaged, some of which were 3 km away, and 100 vehicles suffered damage.[1]

Causes of mud floods[edit]

The Cameron Highlands are susceptible to flash floods that carry silt because of the human involvement in the area. The deforestation of the area causes the water runoff and is one of the main reasons they have flash floods.[4] One of the effects of the clearing of land for agriculture use is the heavy soil erosion that occurs in the Cameron Highlands. [5]This is a contributing factor to the floods because as the people illegally clear the land, the runoff can carry more silt with it. This places large amounts of silt into the rivers making them shallower and easier to fill which causes floods.[6] On top of this, the rivers are narrow due to the structures built on the banks and even illegal extensions into the river.[6] Another issue contributing to the water runoff is the use of plastic roofing over plots of vegetation. These areas would normally offer some buffer to flooding by absorbing water. Instead, the plastic used by many people in the area speeds up the rainwater running off into the rivers which can lead to the floods.[6]


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  • check for plagiarism,
    • found sentence "Some 10...destroyed" direct plagarism from source 1, cited as source 3.
    • found sentences "the incident...danger level" "the dam water...yesterday" plagiarism from source 2.
    • found sentence "the dam water...its banks" close paraphrasing of source 3 in the first half of the sentence.
    • All other sentences checked, no plagiarism. (still reworded most because it was bulky and awkward)
  • move info from causes of mud floods section b/c not actually causes of mud floods in general its just this one's causes.
  • reword the information. sentences are bulky "and the third time at 2:45am
  • add content relating science behind a mud flood to "causes..." sectiion (added 4 sources)
    • illegal land clearing/ deforestation
    • plastic roofing
    • narrow rivers

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Manjit Kaur (23 October 2013). "Three killed in mud flood after water released from Cameron Highlands dam". The Star. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  2. ^ "Mud flood kills 3, one missing in Cameron Highlands". Thai PBS. 24 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  3. ^ a b "80 houses swept away, 3 dead, 1 missing after dam gates opened in Cameron Highlands". The Malaysian Insider. 23 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  4. ^ "3 Dead After More Floods in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia - FloodList". FloodList. https://plus.google.com/+Floodlist. Retrieved 2015-11-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ Aminuddin, B. Y.; Ghulam, M. H.; Abdullah, W. Y. Wan; Zulkefli, M.; Salama, R. B. (2005-08-01). "Sustainability of Current Agricultural Practices in The Cameron Highlands, Malaysia". Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus. 5 (1–2): 89–101. doi:10.1007/s11267-005-7405-y. ISSN 1567-7230.
  6. ^ a b c "The River systems, the floods-Part 2 | CHEAM MAY CHOO". www.cheammaychoo.com. Retrieved 2015-11-23.

Contribution Article 3[edit]

The seventh cholera pandemic was the seventh major outbreak of cholera and occurred from the years 1961 to the 1970s and has continued (though much diminished) to the present. [1]

This outbreak, based on the strain called El Tor, started in Indonesia in 1961 where it spread to Bangladesh by 1963.[2] Then it went to India in 1964. It made it to the USSR by 1966. In 1972 there were reports of outbreaks in Baku, but the USSR kept this information quiet.[2] It reached Italy in 1973 from North Africa. Japan and the South Pacific saw a few outbreaks by the late 1970s. [2]

In 1971, the number of cases reported worldwide was 155,000. In 1991, it reached 570,000.[1]

The spread of the disease was helped by modern transportation and mass migrations. Mortality rates, however, dropped markedly as governments began modern curative and preventative measures. The usual mortality rate of 50% dropped to 10% by the 1980s and less than 3% by the 1990s.[1]

The strain made a comeback in 1991 in Latin America. It has been shown that the strain can trace its origins to that of the seventh cholera pandemic.[3] It was suspected the strain came to Latin America through Asai from contaminated water. It has since been shown that identical matches have been found between samples from Latin America and samples from Africa.[4] This outbreak started in Peru and has killed roughly 10,000 people.[5]

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Hays, J. N. (2005-01-01). Epidemics and Pandemics: Their Impacts on Human History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851096589.
  2. ^ a b c "CHOLERA". www.austincc.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
  3. ^ "WHO | Global epidemics and impact of cholera". www.who.int. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
  4. ^ "Evolution of Seventh Cholera Pandemic and Origin of 1991 Epidemic, Latin America - Volume 16, Number 7—July 2010 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC". wwwnc.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
  5. ^ "Cholera's seven pandemics". www.cbc.ca. Retrieved 2015-11-24.

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    • added external link "Cholera"
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    • lasting impact
      • 1991 Latin America outbreak result from 1970s strain[1]
      • the chain of contamination came from Africa not Asia as had been previously suspected [2]
      • this outbreak that started in Peru in 1991 killed roughly 10,000 people. [3]
  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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