List of awards received by Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson in 1984
Awards
Award
Won
African Ambassadors Spouses Association
1
American Cinema Awards
1
American Music Awards
27
American Video Awards
2
Bambi Awards
1
BET Awards
1
Billboard Music Awards
29
Billboard Music of the 80's Poll
4
Billboard Year in Music Survey
2
Billboard Video Awards
5
Black Gold Awards
4
Blockbuster Entertainment Awards
1
BMI Awards
3
Bob Fosse Awards
1
Boy Scouts of America
1
Totals
Awards won
366
Hall of fame honors
366
Footnotes
Michael Jackson was an American musician and is the most awarded recording artist in the history of music.[ 1] He debuted on the professional music scene at age 11 as a member of The Jackson 5 and began a solo career in 1971 while still part of the group.[ 2] Referred to as the "King of Pop " in subsequent years, Jackson became one of the most commercially successful and influential entertainers of all time.[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] His 1982 album Thriller won numerous awards and remains the biggest-selling album of all time, with Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995) among the best selling.[ 6] [ 7]
Jackson is widely credited with having transformed the music video from a promotional tool into an art form, with videos for his songs "Billie Jean ", "Beat It " and "Thriller " making him the first African American artist to have a strong crossover following on Music Television (MTV ). Such videos earned him awards from organizations such as the American Video Awards, the Brazillian TVZ Video Awards, the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards , as well as inductions into hall of fames such as the Music Video Producers' Hall of Fame.
Aside from his career in music, Jackson was a noted philanthropist, who donated over $ 300 million to causes around the world. He has been recognized by Guinness World Records for supporting more charities than any other musician and has been honored with several accolades in recognition of his humanitarian endeavors, including the African Ambassadors' Spouses Association's Golden Elephant Award and Celebrate the Magic Foundation's Magic Life Award.
Following Jackson's death in 2009, sales of his music rose and and he received further recognition, including a World Arts Award and a Music of Black Origin (MOBO) Award . With 27 American Music Awards won, Jackson is the most awarded musician in the history of the ceremony. Further accolades include a total of XX Grammy Awards , 29 Billboard Music Awards , 7 Brit Awards , XX NAACP Image Awards , XX World Music Awards and 3 presidential honors. Overall, Jackson and his musical, videographical and humanitarian work have won a total of XX awards and have been inducted into XX separate hall of fames.
African Ambassadors Spouses Association [ edit ]
The African Ambassadors Spouses Association is an organisation that helps needy children in Africa.[ 8] Jackson has received one award from the African Ambassadors Spouses Association.
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
2004
Humanitarian endeavors
Golden Elephant Award
[ 9]
American Cinema Awards [ edit ]
The American Cinema Awards were established in 1983 by David Gest and Michael Jackson. Awards are given for distinguished achievement in film.[ 10] Jackson has received one award from the American Cinema Awards.
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1990
Michael Jackson
Entertainer of the Decade
[ 11]
American Music Awards [ edit ]
The American Music Awards are an annual music awards show, first introduced by television personality Dick Clark in 1973.[ 12] Jackson is the most awarded artist in the history of the ceremony.[ 13] He has received 27 accolades from the American Music Awards.
Notes
^ a: Jackson won an unprecedented 8 awards at the 1984 American Music Awards.[ 24]
^ ab: At the age of 25, Jackson was the youngest recipient of the Award of Merit.[ 24]
^ ac: Awarded to "We Are the World" songwriters Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie .[ 17]
^ ad: The inscription on the Award of Achievement read:
"Because his album, Bad , is the first ever to generate five number one singles, because it has been a number one best seller in a record-breaking twenty-five countries around the world, and because it has been the larhest international seller in each of the last two years, the American Music Award of Achievement is presented to Michael Jackson on January, 30, 1989."[ 25]
^ ae: Jackson was the first ever recipient of the International Artist Award in 1993 and it was therafter known as "The Michael Jackson International Artist Award".[ 26]
^ af: Awarded posthumously.[ 13]
American Video Awards [ edit ]
The American Video Awards were established in 1983 and honor artists' music videos.[ 27] [ 28] Jackson has won two awards from the organization.
The Bambi Awards have been presented annually since 1948 by Hubert Burda Media to recognize those in international media and television "with vision and creativity who affected and inspired the German public that year".[ 30] Jackson has received one Bambi award.
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
2002
Michael Jackson
Pop Artist of the Millennium
[ 31]
Black Entertainment Television [ edit ]
Black Entertainment Television (BET) is an American cable network founded in 1980 by Robert L. Johnson and targeted towards young African-American audiences.[ 32] Jackson has received one award from the network.
Billboard Music Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1972
Michael Jackson
Top Singles Artist of the Year
[ 34]
1972
Michael Jackson
Top Male Singles Artist of the Year
[ 34]
1983
Michael Jackson
Pop Artist of the Year
[ 35]
1983
Michael Jackson
Black Artist of the Year
[ 35]
1983
Michael Jackson
Pop Album Artist
[ 35]
1983
Michael Jackson
Pop Male Album Artist
[ 35]
1983
Michael Jackson
Pop Male Singles Artist
[ 35]
1983
Michael Jackson
Black Album Artist
[ 35]
1983
Michael Jackson
Black Singles Artist
[ 35]
1983
Michael Jackson
Pop Singles Artist
[ 35]
1983
Michael Jackson
Dance/Disco Artist
[ 35]
1983
Thriller
Pop Album of the Year
[ 35]
1983
Thriller
Black Album
[ 35]
1983
"Beat It "
Dance/Disco 12" LP
[ 35]
1983
"Billie Jean "
Dance/Disco 12" LP
[ 35]
1984
Thriller
Top Album
[ 36]
1988
Michael Jackson
Outstanding Artist of the Year
[ 37]
1988
Michael Jackson
Best Live Show of 1988
[ 37]
1988
Michael Jackson
Top Black Artist
[ 37]
1988
Michael Jackson
Blues & Soul
[ 37]
1989
Bad
#1 Album (Pop/R&B)
[ 33]
1992
Michael Jackson
1992 World Artist Award
[ 38]
1992
Michael Jackson
Commemoration for the 10th Anniversary of Thriller
[ 38]
1992
Michael Jackson
Hot 100 Singles Artist (Male)
[ 38]
1992
Michael Jackson
Hot R&B Singles Artist
[ 38]
1992
Michael Jackson
Hot Dance Music Club Play Artist
[ 38]
1992
Michael Jackson
Hot Dance Music Maxi-Single Sales Artist
[ 38]
1995
Michael Jackson
Special Hot 100 Award
[ 39]
1995
"Scream "
Video of the Year (Pop/Rock)
[ 39]
Billboard Music of the 80's Poll[ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Honor
Ref
1990
Michael Jackson
Black Artist of the Decade
[ 40]
1990
Thriller
Black Album of the Decade
[ 40]
1990
Thriller
Pop Album of the Decade
[ 40]
1990
"Billie Jean "
Black Single of the Decade
[ 40]
Billboard Year in Music Survey [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Honor
Ref
1980
Michael Jackson
Top Black Artist
[ 41]
1980
Off the Wall
Top Black Album
[ 41]
Billboard Video Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1983
Michael Jackson
Best Performance by a Male Artist
[ 35]
1983
"Beat It "
Best Overall Video
[ 35]
1983
"Beat It "
Best Choreography
[ 35]
1983
"Beat It "
Best Use Of Video To Enhance Artist's Image
[ 35]
1983
"Beat It "
Best Use Of Video To Enhance Artist's Song
[ 35]
Blockbuster Entertainment Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1996
Michael Jackson
Favorite Pop Male
[ 43]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1997
Ghosts
Best Choreography in a Music Video
[ 47]
Boy Scouts of America [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1990
Humanitarian endeavors
Michael Jackson Good Scout Humanitarian Award
[ 48]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1988
Michael Jackson
Gold Otto Award
[ 37]
1989
Michael Jackson
Bronze Otto Award
[ 33]
1992
Michael Jackson
Gold Otto Award
[ 38]
1993
Michael Jackson
Gold Otto Award
[ 45]
1994
Michael Jackson
Gold Otto Award
[ 49]
1995
Michael Jackson
Gold Otto Award
[ 39]
1996
Michael Jackson
Gold Otto Award
[ 43]
1996
Michael Jackson
Platinum Otto/Lifetime Achievement Award
[ 43]
1996
Michael Jackson
Best Male Singer
[ 43]
1996
Michael Jackson
Best Show
[ 43]
1996
Michael Jackson
Nicest Singer
[ 43]
1996
HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I
Best Album
[ 43]
1997
Michael Jackson
Silver Otto Award
[ 50]
1997
Michael Jackson
Best Show
[ 50]
1997
Michael Jackson
3rd Best Looking Singer
[ 50]
1997
HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I
Best Album
[ 50]
1998
Michael Jackson
Silver Otto Award
[ 50]
Brazillian TVZ Video Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1989
Michael Jackson
Triple Crown Award - King of Pop, Rock & Soul
[ 33]
1989
"Smooth Criminal "
Video of the Year
[ 33]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1984
Michael Jackson
Best International Solo Artist
[ 36]
1984
Thriller
Best British Album
[ 36]
1988
Michael Jackson
Best International Solo Artist
[ 51]
1989
Michael Jackson
Best International Solo Artist
[ 33]
1989
Michael Jackson
Best International Artist (Male)
[ 33]
1989
"Smooth Criminal "
Best Music Video
[ 33]
1996
Michael Jackson
Artist of a Generation Award
[ 52]
British Phonographic Industry Awards [ edit ]
British TV Industry Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1989
Michael Jackson
Artist of the Decade
[ 33]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1999
Humanitarian endeavors
Outstanding Humanitarian Award
[ 54]
Canadian Black Music Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1984
Michael Jackson
Top Male Vocalist
[ 57]
1984
Michael Jackson
Entertainer of the Year
[ 57]
1984
Thriller
Top International Album
[ 57]
1984
"Billie Jean "
Top International Single
[ 57]
Capitol Children Museum [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1990
Humanitarian endeavors
Humanitarian Award
[ 58]
Celebrate the Magic Foundation [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
2002
Humanitarian endeavors
Magic Life Award
[ 59]
Children's Choice Awards[ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1994
Humanitarian endeavors
Caring for Kids Award
[ 60]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1994
Humanitarian endeavors
Humanitarian Award
[ 49]
Critic's Choice Awards[ edit ]
Crystal Globe Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1984
Exceeding sales of over 5 million units
Crystal Globe Award
[ 36]
Danish Grammy Awards [ edit ]
Dutch Music Factory Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1997
Michael Jackson
Best Live Show
[ 50]
1997
Michael Jackson
Best Male Singer
[ 50]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1988
Michael Jackson
American Black Achievement Award
[ 37]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1993
Michael Jackson
Best International Artist of the Year
[ 45]
Entertainment Tonight [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1989
Michael Jackson
Most Important Entertainer of the Decade
[ 61]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1988
Michael Jackson
#1 Entertainer of the Year
[ 37]
1989
Michael Jackson
#1 Entertainer of the Year
[ 33]
Friday Night Videos [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1989
Michael Jackson
Greatest Artist of the Decade
[ 33]
1989
Michael Jackson
Number One Artist
[ 33]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1996
"Earth Song "
1995 Doris Day Music Award
[ 43]
Golden Globe Awards [ edit ]
Harry Chapin Memorial [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1995
Humanitarian endeavors
Humanitarian Award
Hong Kong Hit Radio Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1996
Michael Jackson
Best International Male Artist
1996
"You Are Not Alone "
Best Song of the Year
International Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1996
Michael Jackson
Best International Male Artist
Le Film Fantastique Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1996
"Earth Song "
Best Video Award
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1997
Michael Jackson
Legend of Live Entertainment
1997
Michael Jackson
Most Memorable Male Performer
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1998
Michael Jackson
Best Foreign Male Singer
1998
Michael Jackson
Best Singer
1998
HIStory World Tour at Parken Stadium
Best Event
MTV European Music Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1995
Michael Jackson
Best Male Artist of the Year
1995
Michael Jackson
Best Male Performer
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
2006
Michael Jackson
Legend Award
MTV Video Music Awards [ edit ]
MTV Video Vanguard Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1988
Michael Jackson
Video Vanguard Award
1999
Michael Jackson's Thriller
The Greatest Video in the History of the World
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
2009
Michael Jackson
Lifetime Achievement Award
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1990
Michael Jackson
Man of the Decade
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
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NARM Gift of Music Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1984
Thriller
Best Selling Album
1984
"Billie Jean "
Best Selling Single
1984
The Making of Thriller
Best Home Video
National Association of Black Owned Broadcasters [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1992
Michael Jackson
Lifetime Achievement Award
National Urban Coalition Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1989
Humanitarian endeavors
Humanitarian Award
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
2002
Michael Jackson
Best International Male Singer
2008
Michael Jackson
Lifetime Achievement Award
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
2003
Contributions to racial harmony
Power of Oneness Award
Operation One to One Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1992
Michael Jackson
Operation One to One Award
People's Choice Awards[ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1995
Michael Jackson
Artist of the Decade
1995
Michael Jackson
Best Male Vocalist of the Year
1995
Michael Jackson
Favorite Male Vocalist
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1994
Michael Jackson
Favorite Singer of the Year
Presidential Awards [ edit ]
Jackson at the White House with President Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan in 1984
Jackson was approached to donate the song "Beat It " as backing music for a commercial on drunk driving in 1984.[ 68] The singer agreed and it was arranged for him to be awarded with an honor from the President of the United States , Ronald Reagan .[ 68] Prior to collecting the award, President Reagan sent Jackson a telegram , which read:
“
Your deep faith in God and adherence to traditional values are an inspiration to all of us. You've gained quite a number of fans along the road since "I Want You Back " and Nancy and I are among them. Keep up the good work, Michael. We're very happy for you.[ 36]
”
The presentation took place on May 14, 1984, at the White House .[ 68] Upon reaching the podium, Reagan remarked, "I hope you'll forgive me, but we have quite a few young folks in the White House who all wanted me to give you the same message. They said to tell Michael, "Please give some TLC to the PYTs." Reagan further stated that Jackson was "proof of what a person can accomplish through a lifestyle free of alcohol or drug abuse. People young and old respect that. And if Americans follow his example, then we can face up to the problem of drinking and driving, and we can, in Michael's words, beat it."[ 68]
In April 1990, Jackson returned to the White House to be recognized as "Artist of the Decade" by President George H. W. Bush .[ 70] Two years later, on May 1, 1992, President Bush presented Jackson with an award acknowledging him as "a point of light ambassador".[ 70] [ 71] Jackson received the award in recognition for his efforts in inviting disadvantaged children to his Neverland Ranch .[ 71] Jackson was the only entertainer to receive the award.[ 71]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1984
Humanitarian endeavors
Presidential Humanitarian Award
1990
Michael Jackson
Artist of the Decade
1992
Michael Jackson
Point of Light Ambassador
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1998
Michael Jackson
Best Foreign Male Singer
1998
Michael Jackson
Best Show of the Year (1997)
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
2003
Humanitarian endeavors
Humanitarian Award
Rolling Stone Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1983
Michael Jackson
Artist of the Year
1983
Michael Jackson
Soul Artist of the Year
1983
Michael Jackson
Male Vocalist of the Year
1983
"Beat It "
Video of the Year
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1983
Michael Jackson
Artist of the Year
1983
Michael Jackson
Soul Artist of the Year
1983
Thriller with QJ
Producer of the Year
1983
"Beat It "
Video of the Year
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1994
Michael Jackson
Best Male Vocalist
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1995
Michael Jackson
Best Male Artist
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1988
Michael Jackson
Best Male Single of the Year
1988
Bad
R&B Album of the Year
1989
Michael Jackson
1st Annual Sammy Davis Jr./Heritage Award
1989
Michael Jackson
Best R&B/Urban Contemporary (Male)
1989
Michael Jackson
Best R&B/Urban Contemporary (Music Video)
1990
Michael Jackson
Silver Award for 1980s Artist of the Decade
1993
Humanitarian endeavors
Humanitarian of the Year Award
1993
Dangerous
Best R&B Album
1993
"Remember the Time "
Best Single (Male)
United Negro College Fund [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1988
Michael Jackson
Frederick D. Patterson Award
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1989
Michael Jackson
Artist of the Decade
1990
Michael Jackson
Most Popular Artist in the History of Show Business
Video Software Dealer Association Awards [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1989
Moonwalker
Favorite Music Video
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
2002
Michael Jackson
World Arts Award 2002
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1989
Michael Jackson
Lifetime Achievement in Video
1993
Michael Jackson
Best Selling US Artist of the Year
1993
Michael Jackson
World's Best Selling Pop Artist
1993
Michael Jackson
World's Best Selling Artist of the Era
1996
Michael Jackson
Best Selling Male Artist of 1996
1996
Michael Jackson
Best Selling American Artist
1996
Michael Jackson
Best Selling Artist Ever
1996
Michael Jackson
Best Selling R&B Artist
1996
Thriller
Best Selling Record of All Time
2000
Michael Jackson
Best Selling Male Pop Artist of the Millenium
2006
Michael Jackson
Chopard Diamond award
Year
Nominated work
Award
Ref
1989
"Dirty Diana "
#1 Video
Hall of fame inductions [ edit ]
Year
Nominated work
Hall of fame
Notes
Ref
1
O
F
1
O
F
1
O
F
1
O
F
1
O
F
1
O
F
1
O
F
1
O
F
1
O
F
Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , set in 1984
^ Lewis, Monica (June 14, 2007). "20 People Who Changed Black Music: Michael Jackson, the Child Star-Turned-Adult Enigma" . Miami Herald . Retrieved 22 November 2009 .
^ George, p. 20
^ Keehner, Jonathan (November 5, 2008). "Michael Jackson's Neverland Loan Sold by Fortress to Colony" . Bloomberg L.P . Retrieved February 2, 2009 .
^ "Pop music icon Michael Jackson no more" . The Daily Star . (June 27, 2009). Retrieved November 24, 2009 .
^ Groom, Nichola (June 28, 2009). "Michael Jackson leaves hefty debts, unrealized comeback" . Reuters . Retrieved November 24, 2009 .
^ "Sales of Michael Jackson's Music Skyrocket" . Los Angeles Times . (June 26, 2009). Retrieved December 22, 2009 .
^ Miller, Phil (June 27, 2009). "Music behind the mask will live on" . The Herald . Retrieved December 22, 2009 .
^ Scott, Gail (August 2005). "Senegalese Ambassador's Wife 'Wonderful Example for Her Country' " . The Washington Diplomat . Retrieved February 1, 2009 .
^ "African award for Michael Jackson" . BBC News . (March 29, 2004). Retrieved February 1, 2009 .
^ "Stars honor their brightest for significant achievements" . The Deseret News . (January 13, 1991). Retrieved November 24, 2009 .
^ Gliatto, Tom (October 31, 1989). "Lifeline" (Payment required to access full article) . USA Today . Retrieved November 24, 2009 .
^ Gunderson, Edna (January 26, 1998). "Clark: My music awards are in tune with pop tastes" (Payment required to access full article) . USA Today . Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
^ a b c d e f "Michael Jackson receives four posthumous music awards" . BBC News. (November 23, 2009). Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
^ a b c "Donna Summer and Michael Jackson sweep Annual American Music Awards" . The Ledger . (January 20, 1980). Retrieved November 24, 2009 .
^ a b Arar, Yardena (January 31, 1981). "Country singer Kenny Rogers wins 4 awards" . The Free Lance–Star . Retrieved November 24, 2009 .
^ a b c d e f g h "Armload of music awards won by Michael Jackson" . Toledo Blade . (January 17, 1984). Retrieved November 24, 2009 .
^ a b c George, p. 41
^ "Awards" . Boca Raton News . (January 27, 1988). Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
^ Zuckerman, Faye (January 30, 1989). "American Music Awards honors top musicians" . The Ledger . Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
^ Gunderson, Edna (January 27, 1989). "Michael's stage exit;Tour ends tonight, but is it really his last?;The 'Bad' lad retreats in victory" (Payment required to access full article) . USA Today . Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
^ a b c Harrington, Richard (January 26, 1993). "Michael Jackson Glitters in Music Awards" (Payment required to access full article) . The Washington Post . Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
^ "American Music Award winners" (Payment required to access full article) . Chicago Sun-Times . (January 30, 1996). Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
^ "Jackson artist of the century" . The Hindu . (January 11, 2002). Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
^ a b Grant, p. 74
^ Grant, p. 123
^ Grant, p. 158
^ Alridge, Ron (March 21, 1983). "Tempo" (Payment required to access full article) . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
^ "Other 184" (Payment required to access full article) . Los Angeles Times . (April 17, 1983). Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
^ a b "Lauper wins 6 video awards" . The Spokesman-Review . April 4, 1985. Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
^ "Bambi-Verleihung 2008: Bambi Gala in Offenburg" (in German). Die TopNews. November 27, 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2009 .
^ "Jacko honored as 'pop artist of the millennium' " . The Age . (November 23, 2002). Retrieved November 27, 2009 .
^ Potts, Mark (September 20, 1991). "Black-Owned TV Firm to Issue Stock; BET Plans Offering Of Class A Shares" (Payment required to access full article) . The Washington Post . Retrieved November 29, 2009 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o George, p. 43
^ a b c George, p. 33
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z George, p. 39
^ a b c d e George, p. 40
^ a b c d e f g George, p. 42
^ a b c d e f g George, p. 45
^ a b c d George, p. 48
^ a b c d George, p. 44
^ a b c George, p. 37
^ a b c d "The Nesmakers" . The Philadelphia Inquirer . (March 22, 1984). Retrieved February 12, 2010 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k George, p. 49
^ Allman, Kevin (May 10, 1990). "Media Gush Over Jackson" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved February 12, 2010 .
^ a b c George, p. 46
^ George, p. 53
^ Segal, Lewis (November 10, 1997). "Fosse awards announced" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved February 12, 2010 .
^ Stein, Jeannine (September 17, 1990). "Michael Jackson: A Scouting Image" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved February 12, 2010 .
^ a b George, p. 47
^ a b c d e f g h George, p. 50
^ "Michael Jackson wins top British record industry award" . Manila Standard . (Febraury 12, 1988). Retrieved March 9, 2010 .
^ Snow, Shauna (February 21, 1996). "Pop/rock" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved March 9, 2010 .
^ a b George, p. 38
^ George, p. 51
^ Jones, p. 115
^ Jones, p. 109
^ a b c d Jones, p. 117
^ Warren, Ellen (April 6, 1990). "Bush holds minisummit with Michael Jackson" . Austin American-Statesman . Retrieved March 9, 2010 .
^ George, p. 52
^ "Celebrity: Love denies reports she overdosed" . Boston Herald . (April 16, 1994). Retrieved May 2, 2010 .
^ Jones, p. 112
^ Grant, p. 50
^ a b c d e f g h i Grant, p. 72
^ Grant, p. 98
^ Grant, p. 132
^ Grant, p. 159
^ Reid, Shaheem (January 31, 2010). "Michael Jackson 'Earth Song' Grammy Tribute Focuses On His Love Of The Planet" . MTV . Retrieved May 3, 2010 .
^ a b c d Taraborrelli, pp. 304–306
^ a b George, pp. 44–45
^ a b c Campbell (1993), p. 321
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