User:PioGal/sandbox2
Cities mentioned in the book of Joshua
[edit]The Book of Joshua lists almost 400 ancient Levantine city names (including alternative names and derivatives in the form of words describing citizens of a town) which refer to over 300 distinct locations in Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. Each of those cities, with minor exceptions (e.g. Hamath, Gubla) is placed in one of the 12 regions, according to the tribes of Israel and in most cases additional details like neighbouring towns or geographical landmarks are provided. It has been serving as one of the primary sources for identifying and locating a number of Middle Bronze to Iron Age Levantine cities mentioned in ancient Egyptian and Canaanite documents, most notably in the Amarna correspondence.
The list of cities and suggested locations
[edit]City name | References in the Hebrew Bible | Location | Notes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hebrew | Transliteration[1] | English | Strong's Nr | Joshua | All | Tribe / Region | Modern[2] | |
אבץ | ʾbṣ | Abez, Ebez | H0077 | Joshua 19:20 | 1 | Issachar | ||
אדם | ʾdm | Adam | H0121 | Joshua 3:16 | 1 | ? (Located by the Jordan, near Zaretan, far from Jericho) | ||
אדמה | ʾdmh | Adamah | H0128 | Joshua 19:36 | 1 | Naphtali (a fortified city) | ||
אדמי | ʾdmy | Adami | H0129 | Joshua 19:33 | 1 | Naphtali | ||
אדמים | ʾdmym | Adummim | H0131 | Joshua 15:7; 18:17 | 2 | ? Judah? (a point of reference in describing the northern border of Judah and the southern border of Benjamin while mentioning Gilgal/Geliloth) | ||
אדרה | ʾdrh | Adar, Addar | H0146 | Joshua 15:3 | 1 | Judah (southern border; to the east of Hezron and Kadesh-Barnea) | ||
אדרעי | ʾdrʿy | Edrei [of Naphtali] | H0154 | Joshua 19:37 | 1 | Naphtali (a fortified city) | ||
אדרעי | ʾdrʿy | Edrei [of Manasseh] | H0154 | Joshua 12:4; 13:12.31 | 7 | Manasseh (east of Jordan, in Bashan) | ? Der'a[3][4] 36°05′40″N 32°36′26″E / 36.09444°N 32.60722°E[5]; Izra?[3] | |
אזנות תבור | ʾznwt tbwr | Aznoth-Tabor | H0243 | Joshua 19:34 | 1 | Naphtali (to the west of the Jordan river) | ||
אילון | ʾylwn | Elon, Ajalon [of Dan 2] | H0356 | Joshua [10:12?;] 19:43 | 1 | Dan | ||
אילון | ʾylwn | Ajalon [of Dan 1] | H0357 | Joshua 10:12; 19:42; 21:24 | 10 | Dan (a levitical city) | ? Yalo, Khirbet Yalu[6]: 213–4 [7] 31°50′31″N 35°01′31″E / 31.84194°N 35.02528°E[8]: 342 ; Tell Qiqa/Qoqa[6]: 213–4 [7] 31°50′23″N 35°01′25″E / 31.83972°N 35.02361°E[9]: 536 | |
אכזיב | ʾkzyb | Achzib [of Judah] | H0392 | Joshua 15:44 | 2 | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha) | ||
אכזיבה | ʾkzybh | Achzib [of Asher], Achzibah | H0392 | Joshua 19:29 | 2 | Asher (eastern border between Tyre and Achzib) | ||
אכשף | ʾkšp | Achshaph | H0407 | Joshua 11:1; 12:20; 19:25 | 3 | Asher (not very far from Hazor, Madon and Shimrom) | ||
אלון | ʾlwn | Allon | H0438 | Joshua 19:33 | 1 | Naphtali | ||
אלמלך | ʾlmlk | Alammelech | H0487 | Joshua 19:26 | 1 | Asher | ||
אלף, האלף | (h)ʾlp | Eleph, Ha-Eleph | H0507 | Joshua 18:28 | 1 | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) | ||
אלתולד | ʾltwld | Eltolad | H0513 | Joshua 15:30; 19:4 | 2 | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
אלתקה | ʾltqh | Eltekeh | H0514 | Joshua 19:44; 21:23 | 2 | Dan (a levitical city) | ? Khirbet el-Mukenna'; Tell esh-Shalaf | = Eltekon (H0515, Judah's) ? |
אלתקן | ʾltqn | Eltekon | H0515 | Joshua 15:59 | 1 | Judah (no important cities) | = Eltekeh (H0514, Dan's) ? | |
אמם | ʾmm | Amam | H0538 | Joshua 15:26 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
אנחרת | ʾnḥrt | Anaharath | H0588 | Joshua 19:19 | 1 | Issachar | ||
אפק | ʾpq | Aphek, Aphik | H0663 | Joshua 12:18; 13:4; 19:30 | 9? | Asher (south-western costal territory of Asher) | ? Tell Kurdana/ Qurdana[10]: 85 32°50′41″N 35°06′31″E / 32.84472°N 35.10861°E[10]: 99, 103 [11] | |
אפקה | ʾpqh | Aphekah | H0664 | Joshua 15:53 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Hebron) | ||
ארב | ʾrb | Arab | H0694 | Joshua 15:52 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Hebron) | ||
ארכי, הארכי | (h)ʾrky | Archi, Ha-Archi[12] | H0757 | Joshua 16:2 | 7 | Ephraim (southern border, Ataroth region between Bethel and the lower Beth-Horon) | An inhabitant of a city of a similar name or members of a clan | |
אשדוד | ʾšdwd | Ashdod | H0795 | Joshua 11:22; 15:46.47 | 17 [22][13] | Judah (by the sea; important cities: Ekron, Ashdod, Gaza) | Tell Ashdod (near Ashdod) 31°45′21″N 34°39′29″E / 31.75583°N 34.65806°E[9]: 229–230 | |
אשדודי | ʾšdwdy | Ashdothite, Ashdodite[12] | H0796 | Joshua 13:3 | 5 | Judah | see Ashdod (H0795) | An inhabitant of Ashdod (H0795) |
אשנה | ʾšnh | Ashnah [of Judah 1] | H0823 | Joshua 15:33 | 1 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) | ||
אשנה | ʾšnh | Ashnah [of Judah 2] | H0823 | Joshua 15:43 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha) | ||
אשען | ʾšʿn | Eshean | H0824 | Joshua 15:52 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Hebron) | ||
אשקלונ | ʾšqlwn | Ashkelon[14] | H0831 | - | 12 [13][13] | Judah ? (one of the main Philistine cities) | Tell Ashkelon 31°39′45″N 34°32′52″E / 31.66250°N 34.54778°E[9]: 231 | Mentioned indirectly as Eshkalonite (H0832) |
אשקלוני | ʾšqlwny | Eshkalonite[12] | H0832 | Joshua 13:3 | 1 | Judah ? (one of the main Philistine cities) | see Ashqelon (H0831) | An inhabitant of Ashqelon (H0831) |
אשר | ʾšr | Asher | H0836 | Joshua 17:7 | 2? | Manasseh (not far? from Shechem) | possibly not a city but the name of the Asher tribe | |
אשתאול | ʾštʾwl | Eshtaol | H0847 | Joshua 15:33; 19:41 | 7 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah); Dan (border city between Dan and Judah?) | ? Ishwa, Eshua[15] 31°46′50″N 35°00′42″E / 31.78056°N 35.01167°E[15]: 8 ; Khirbet Islin/ Eselin[15] 31°47′09″N 34°59′56″E / 31.78583°N 34.99889°E[15]: 8 ; Khirbet Deir/Dayr abu-Kabus, Tell Abu al-Qabus[15] 31°47′06″N 35°00′38″E / 31.78500°N 35.01056°E[15]: 8 ; Khirbet Deir Shubeib[15] 31°47′42″N 34°59′11″E / 31.79500°N 34.98639°E[15]: 8 ; Khirbet esh-Sheikh Ibrahim[15] 31°46′34″N 35°00′57″E / 31.77611°N 35.01583°E[15]: 8 ; Artuf[15] 31°46′04″N 35°00′08″E / 31.76778°N 35.00222°E[15]: 8 | |
אשתמה, אשתמע | ʾštmh, ʾštmʿ | Eshtemoh, Eshtemoa | H0851 | Joshua 15:50; 21:14 | 4 | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen; a levitical city) | ||
בארות | bʾrwt | Beeroth | H0881 | Joshua 9:17; 18:25 | 5 | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; a city of Gibeonites alongside Gibeon, Chephirah and Kirjath-jearim) | ||
באר שבע | bʾr šbʿ | Beer-Sheba | H0884 | Joshua 15:28; 19:2 | 34 | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | Tell es-Seba (near Beersheba) 31°14′41″N 34°50′27″E / 31.24472°N 34.84083°E | |
לבוא חמת | lbwʾ ḥmt | Lebo-Hamath | H0935 + H2574 | Joshua 13:5 | 11 | Naphtali?, Manasseh? | ? Tell Labweh (near Labweh) 34°11′51″N 36°20′32″E / 34.19750°N 36.34222°E[9]: 372–3 | Possibly not a city but a geographical location |
בזיותיה | bzywtyh | Bizjothjah | H0964 | Joshua 15:28 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
בטן | bṭn | Beten | H0991 | Joshua 19:25 | 1 | Asher | ||
בטנים | bṭnym | Betonim | H0993 | Joshua 13:26 | 1 | Gad (east of Jordan) | ||
בית און | byt ʾwn | Beth-Aven | H1007 | Joshua 7:2; 18:12 | 7 | Benjamin ? (northern border of Benjamin's territory, between Jericho and Luz; near Ai, to the east of Bethel) | ? Khirbet el-Maqatir[16]: 212 31°54′55″N 35°15′01″E / 31.91528°N 35.25028°E[16]: 212 ; Beitin[16]: 224–228 31°55′36″N 35°14′23″E / 31.92667°N 35.23972°E[16]: 207 ; et-Tell[16]: 222–3 31°55′01″N 35°15′41″E / 31.91694°N 35.26139°E[16]: 205 ; Khirbet Nisieh[17] 31°53′48″N 35°13′45″E / 31.89667°N 35.22917°E[18]: 23 ; formerly identified with: Khirbet Haiyan[16]: 222 31°54′15″N 35°16′10″E / 31.90417°N 35.26944°E[16]: 222 ; Deir Dibwan[16]: 222 31°54′38″N 35°16′17″E / 31.91056°N 35.27139°E[16]: 222 ; Burg Beitin[16]: 222 31°55′21″N 35°14′43″E / 31.92250°N 35.24528°E[16]: 222 ; Burqa[16]: 223 31°53′46″N 35°15′15″E / 31.89611°N 35.25417°E[16]: 223 ; Tell Maryam[16]: 223 31°52′10″N 35°16′06″E / 31.86944°N 35.26833°E[16]: 223 ; Khirbet Tell el-'Askar[16]: 223 31°52′49″N 35°16′52″E / 31.88028°N 35.28111°E[16]: 223 | |
ביתאל | bytʾl | Bethel | H1008 | Joshua 7:2; 8:9.12.17; 12:9.16; 16:1-2; 18:13.22 | 72 | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; southern border of Ephraim's territory, not far from Jericho; west of Beth-Aven and Ai; beside Ai; northern border of Benjamin's territory between Beth-Aven and Ataroth-Adar) | ? Beitin 31°55′37″N 35°14′19″E / 31.92694°N 35.23861°E; Ras et-Tahuneh[19][16]: 205 (in Al-Bireh) 31°54′30″N 35°12′44″E / 31.90833°N 35.21222°E | = Luz (H3870) |
בית בעל מעון, בית מעון | byt bʿl mʿwn, byt mʿwn | Beth-Baal-Meon, Beth-Meon | H1010 | Joshua 13:17 | 2 | Reuben (east of Jordan) | ||
ביתדגון | bytdgwn | Beth-Dagon [of Judah] | H1016 | Joshua 15:41 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | ||
ביתדגון | bytdgwn | Beth-Dagon [of Asher] | H1016 | Joshua 19:27 | 1 | Asher (between Carmel and the valley of Jipthah-El, close to Zebulun's territory) | ||
בית הישמות | byt (h)yšmwt | Beth-Jeshimoth, Beth-Ha-Jeshimoth | H1020 | Joshua 12:3; 13:20 | 4 | Reuben (east of Jordan) | ||
ביתהמרכבות | byt(h)mrkbwt | Beth-Marcaboth, Beth-Ha-Marcaboth | H1024 | Joshua 19:5 | 2 | Simeon within Judah (listed between Hormah, Ziklag and Hazar-Susah, Beth-Lebaoth) | = Madmannah (H4086) ? | |
בית העמק | byt (h)ʿmq | Beth-Emek, Beth-Ha-Emek | H1025 | Joshua 19:27 | 1 | Asher (near the valley of Jipthah-El, close to Zebulun's territory) | ||
בית הערבה | byt (h)ʿrbh | Beth-Arabah, Beth-Ha-Arabah [of Judah] | H1026 | Joshua 15:61 | 1 | Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi) | = Beth-Arabah [of Benjamin] (H1026) ? | |
בית הערבה | byt (h)ʿrbh | Beth-Arabah, Beth-Ha-Arabah [of Benjamin] | H1026 | Joshua 15:6; 18:22 | 2 | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; northern border of Judah, close to Beth-Hoglah and the Jordan river) | = Beth-Arabah [of Judah] (H1026) ? | |
בית הרם | byt hrm | Beth-Aram, Beth-Haram | H1027 | Joshua 13:27 | 1 | Gad (east of Jordan) | ||
ביתחגלה | bytḥglh | Beth-Hoglah | H1031 | Joshua 15:6; 18:19.21 | 3 | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; southern border of Benjamin and northern border of Judah; closest to the Jordan river) | ? Deir Hajla area[20]: ‘Ain Ḥajla[21] 31°49′41″N 35°30′44″E / 31.82806°N 35.51222°E (optionally Dir Hg'la 31°49′23″N 35°30′26″E / 31.82306°N 35.50722°E or Deir Hijleh 31°49′13″N 35°30′05″E / 31.82028°N 35.50139°E)[22] | |
בית חורן עליון | byt ḥwrn ʿlywn | Beth-Horon the upper | H1032 + H5945 | Joshua (10:10-11?;) 16:5; (21:22?) | 11 or 4 | Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, not far from Ataroth-Addar; a levitical city?) | Beit 'Ur al-Fawqa[23] 31°53′09″N 35°06′51″E / 31.88583°N 35.11417°E | |
בית חורן תחתון | byt ḥwrn tḥtwn | Beth-Horon the lower | H1032 + H8481 | Joshua (10:10-11?;) 16:3; 18:13-14; (21:22?) | 13 or 6 | Ephraim (southern border, between Bethel, Ataroth and Gezer; northern border of Benjamin's territory between Luz-Bethel, Ataroth-Adar and Kiriath-Jearim; a levitical city?) | Beit Ur al-Tahta[23] 31°53′42″N 35°05′01″E / 31.89500°N 35.08361°E | |
בית לבאות | byt lbʾwt | Beth-Lebaoth | H1034 | Joshua 19:6 | 1 | Simeon within Judah (listed after Hormah, Ziklag and before Ain, Rimmon) | = Lebaoth (H3822) ? | |
בית לחם | byt lḥm | Bethlehem [of Zebulun] | H1035 | Joshua 19:15 | 1? | Zebulun | ||
בית נמרה | byt nmrh | Beth-Nimrah | H1039 | Joshua 13:27 | 2 | Gad (east of Jordan) | ||
ביתענות | bytʿnwt | Beth-Anoth | H1042 | Joshua 15:59 | 1 | Judah (no important cities) | ||
ביתענת | bytʿnt | Beth-Anath | H1043 | Joshua 19:38 | 3 | Naphtali (a fortified city; not far from Beth-Shemesh) | ||
בית פלט | byt plṭ | Beth-Pelet | H1046 | Joshua 15:27 | 2 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
בית פעור | byt pʿwr | Beth-Peor | H1047 | Joshua 13:20 | 4 | Reuben (east of Jordan) | ||
בית פצץ | byt pṣṣ | Beth-Pazzez | H1048 | Joshua 19:21 | 1 | Issachar | ||
ביתצור | bytṣwr | Beth-Zur | H1049 | Joshua 15:58 | 2? | Judah (no important cities) | ||
ביתשאן | bytšʾn | Beth-Shean | H1052 | Joshua 17:11.16 | 9 | Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher) | Tell Beisan, Tell el-Husn[24] 32°30′16″N 35°30′11″E / 32.50444°N 35.50306°E[25] | |
ביתשמש | bytšmš | Beth-Shemesh [of Judah] | H1053 | Joshua 15:10; 21:16 | 16 | Judah (northern border, between Kirjath-Jearim and Timnah; a levitical city) | Tell er-Rumeileh (near Beit Shemesh) 31°45′03″N 34°58′31″E / 31.75083°N 34.97528°E[9]: 256–7 | |
ביתשמש | bytšmš | Beth-Shemesh [of Issachar] | H1053 | Joshua 19:22 | 1 | Issachar? | = Beth-Szemesh [of Naphtali] (H1053) ? | |
ביתשמש | bytšmš | Beth-Shemesh [of Naphtali] | H1053 | Joshua 19:38 | 3 | Naphtali (a fortified city) | ||
ביתתפוח | byttpwḥ | Beth-Tappuah | H1054 | Joshua 15:53 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Hebron) | ||
בלה | blh | Balah | H1088 | Joshua 19:3 | 1 | Simeon within Judah | = Baalah (H1173) ? | |
במות בעל, במות | bmwt bʿl, bmwt | Bamoth-Baal, Bamoth | H1120 | Joshua 13:17 | 4 | Reuben (east of Jordan) | ||
בניברק | bnybrq | Bene-Berak | H1139 | Joshua 19:45 | 1 | Dan | ||
בעל גד | bʿl gd | Baal-Gad | H1171 | Joshua 11:17; 12:7; 13:5 | 3 | Manasseh?, Naphtali? (in the valley of Lebanon under Mount Hermon, on the west side of the Jordan river) | ||
בעלה | bʿlh | Baalah [of Judah 1] | H1173 | Joshua 15:9.10 | 3 | Judah (northern border between Jerusalem and Beth-Shemesh) | see Kiriath-Jearim (H7157) | = Kiriath-Jearim (H7157) |
בעלה | bʿlh | Baalah [of Judah 2] | H1173 | Joshua 15:29 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | = Balah (H1088, Simeon's) ? | |
בעלות | bʿlwt | Bealoth | H1175 | Joshua 15:24 | 2 or 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
בעלת | bʿlt | Baalath | H1191 | Joshua 19:44 | 3 | Dan | ||
בעלת באר | bʿlt bʾr | Baalath-Beer | H1192 | Joshua 19:8 | 1 | Simeon (within Judah?, in the Negev?) | ||
בעשתרה | bʿštrh | Beesh-Terah | H1203 | Joshua 21:27 | 1 | Manasseh (east of the Jordan river; a levitical city) | ||
בצקת | bṣqt | Bozkath | H1218 | Joshua 15:39 | 2 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | ||
בצר | bṣr | Bezer | H1221 | Joshua 20:8; 21:36 | 4 | Reuben (on the east side of the Jordan; not far from Jericho?; a city of refuge; a levitical city) | ||
בתול | btwl | Bethul | H1329 | Joshua 19:4 | 1 | Simeon within Judah (listed between Azem, Eltolad and Hormah, Ziklag) | = Chesil (H3686) ? | |
גבל | gbl | Gebal[14] | H1380 | - | 1 [3][13] | Asher ? | Mentioned indirectly as Giblite (H1382) | |
גבלי | gbly | Giblite, Gebalite[12] | H1382 | Joshua 13:5 | 2 | Asher ? | see Gebal/Gubla (H1380) | An inhabitant of Gebal/Gubla (H1380) |
גבע | gbʿ | Geba, Gaba | H1387 | Joshua 18:24; 21:17 | 18 | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; a levitical city) | ? Jaba'[26] (near Jerusalem) 31°51′27″N 35°15′40″E / 31.85750°N 35.26111°E? | |
גבעה | gbʿh | Gibeah [of Judah] | H1390 | Joshua 15:57 | 43 or 1 | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah) | = Gibeah [of Benjamin] (H1390) ? | |
גבעון | gbʿwn | Gibeon | H1391 | Joshua 9:3.17; 10:1-2.4-6.10.12.41; 11:19; 18:25; 21:17 | 37 | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; a levitical city; a city of Gibeonites alongside Chephirah, Beeroth and Kirjath-jearim; a big city, yet not a royal city of Canaanites) | Al Jib 31°50′52″N 35°10′59″E / 31.84778°N 35.18306°E | |
גבעת | gbʿt | Gibeath | H1394 | Joshua 18:28 | 1 | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) | = Gibeah [of Benjamin] (H1390) ? | |
גבתון | gbtwn | Gibbethon | H1405 | Joshua 19:44; 21:23 | 6 | Dan (a levitical city) | ? Tall Mlat, Tell el-Melat, Tel Malot[27]: 182 31°51′23″N 34°51′55″E / 31.85639°N 34.86528°E[28]; Ras Abu Hamid/Humeid31°54′12″N 34°53′28″E / 31.90333°N 34.89111°E[27]: 182 [6]: 149 ; formerly identified with Gibbiah, Kibbiah, Qibya[29] 31°58′36″N 35°00′42″E / 31.97667°N 35.01167°E[30] | |
גדר | gdr | Geder | H1445 | Joshua 12:13 | 1 | ? Judah? (listed between Gezer, Debir and Hormah, Arad) | = Gedor (H1446)?, = Gederah (H1449)?, = Gederoth (H1450)? | |
גדור | gdwr | Gedor | H1446 | Joshua 15:58 | 3 | Judah (no important cities) | ||
גדרה | (h)gdrh | Gederah, Ha-Gederah | H1449 | Joshua 15:36 | 2 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) | ||
גדרות | gdrwt | Gederoth | H1450 | Joshua 15:41 | 2 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | ||
גדרתים | gdrtym | Gederothaim | H1453 | Joshua 15:36 | 1 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) | ||
גלון, גולן | glwn, gwln | Golan | H1474 | Joshua 20:8; 21:27 | 4 | Manasseh (in Bashan, east of the Jordan river; a city of refuge; a levitical city) | ||
גזר | gzr | Gezer | H1507 | Joshua 10:33; 12:12; 16:3.10; 21:21 | 15 | Ephraim (southern border city closest to the Mediterranean Sea; a levitical city; not far from Lachish) | Tell el-Jezer (near Karmei Yosef) 31°51′34″N 34°55′12″E / 31.85944°N 34.92000°E | |
גלגל, הגלגל | (h)glgl | Gilgal 1 [of Judah?] | H1537 | Joshua 4:19-20; 5:9-10; 9:6; 10:6-7.9.15.43; 14:6; 15:7 | 40? | ? Judah? (a point of reference in describing the northern border of Judah between Debir and Jerusalem, not far from the Jordan river, not far from Jericho - "on the eastern border of Jericho", "on the wilderness of Jericho"; mentioned alongside Adummim; all night's march distance from Gibeon) | ? Tell/Khirbet el-Mafjar/Mefjir[31][32][6]: 269 (in Jericho) 31°52′30″N 35°27′54″E / 31.87500°N 35.46500°E[33]; Ṣuwwanet eth-Thaniya/Jiser Abu Ghabush[32] (in Jericho) 31°52′55″N 35°27′23″E / 31.88194°N 35.45639°E[34]; Nitla, Khirbet en-/Tell Jaljul (Galgala), Tell Jeljul, Birket Jiljulieh[35] (in Jericho) 31°51′06″N 35°29′17″E / 31.85167°N 35.48806°E[36]; Gilgal Argaman 32°09′40″N 35°30′45″E / 32.16111°N 35.51250°E | = Geliloth (H1553) ?; Gilgal 2 (H1537) ? |
גלגל | glgl | Gilgal 2 [of ?] | H1537 | Joshua 12:23 | 1? | ? (a king of this place was defeated by Joshua, it is listed between Jokneam of Carmel, Dor and Tirzah) | ? Jaljulia 32°09′13″N 34°57′06″E / 32.15361°N 34.95167°E?; Jiljilia 32°01′39″N 35°13′11″E / 32.02750°N 35.21972°E? | = Gilgal 1 (H1537) ? |
גלה | glh | Giloh | H1542 | Joshua 15:51 | 2 | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen) | ||
glylwt | Geliloth | H1553 | Joshua 18:17 | 1 | ? Judah? (a point of reference in describing the southern border of Benjamin between Jerusalem and Beth-Hoglah, not far from the Jordan river; mentioned alongside Adummim) | = Gilgal (H1537) ? | ||
גשן | gšn | Goshen | H1657 | Joshua (10:41?; 11:16?;) 15:51 | 3? | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen) | ||
גת | gt | Gath | H1661 | Joshua 11:22 | 33 [43][13] | Judah ? (one of the main Philistine cities) | ? Tell es-Safi (near Luzit) 31°41′59″N 34°50′49″E / 31.69972°N 34.84694°E; Tell ‘Areini (near Kiryat Gat) 31°36′42″N 34°47′07″E / 31.61167°N 34.78528°E; Tell Hamid, Ras Abu Humeid (near Ramla) 31°54′11″N 34°53′28″E / 31.90306°N 34.89111°E; Tell en-Nejileh, Tel Nagila (between Ahuzam and Beit Kama) 31°30′08″N 34°45′28″E / 31.50222°N 34.75778°E | |
גתה חפר | gth ḥpr | Gittah-Hepher | H1662 | Joshua 19:13 | 2 | Zebulun (Zebulun's eastern? border, not far from Japhia) | ||
גתי | gty | Gittite[12] | H1663 | Joshua 13:3 | 10 | Judah ? (one of the main Philistine cities) | see Gath (H1661) | An inhabitant of Gath (H1661) |
גתרמון | gtrmwn | Gath-Rimmon [of Dan] | H1667 | Joshua 19:45; 21:24 | 3 | Dan (a levitical city) | ? Tel Gerisa, Tell Jerisheh; Tell Abu Zeitun | |
גתרמון | gtrmwn | Gath-Rimmon [of Manasseh] | H1667 | Joshua 21:25 | 1 | Manasseh (a levitical city; west of Jordan) | ||
דבר | dbr | Debir [of Judah 1] | H1688 | Joshua 10:38-39; 11:21; 12:13; 15:15.49; 21:15 | 11? | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen; a levitical city) | ? Khirbet Rabud[37][38] 31°25′57″N 35°00′54″E / 31.43250°N 35.01500°E[9]: 446 ; Tell Beit Mirsim[39] 31°27′20″N 34°54′39″E / 31.45556°N 34.91083°E[9]: 251 | = Kirjath-Sannah (H7158), = Kirjath-Sepher (H7158), = Debir [of Judah 2?] (H1688) ? |
דבר | dbr | Debir [of Judah 2?] | H1688 | Joshua (10:38-39?; 11:21?; 12:13?;) 15:7; (21:15?;) | 1? | ? Judah? (a point of reference in describing the northern border of Judah between Gilgal and Beth-Arabah) | = Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688) ? | |
דבר | dbr | Debir [of Gad] | H1688 | Joshua 13:26 | 1? | Gad (east of Jordan) | = Debir [of Judah 2] (H1688) ? | |
הדברת | (h)dbrt | Daberath, Ha-Daberath [of Zebulun] | H1705 | Joshua 19:12 | 1? | Zebulun (Zebulun's southern? border, between Sarid, Chisloth-Tabor and Japhia) | = Daberath [of Issahar] ? | |
דברת | dbrt | Daberath [of Issahar] | H1705 | Joshua 21:28 | 2? | Issahar (a levitical city) | = Daberath [of Zebulun] ? | |
דבשת | dbšt | Dabbasheth | H1708 | Joshua 19:11 | 1 | Zebulun (Zebulun's border, between Sarid, Maralah and Jokneam) | ||
דומה | dwmh | Dumah | H1746 | Joshua 15:52 | 1? | Judah (important cities: Hebron) | ||
דאר | dʾr | Dor | H1756 | Joshua 11:2; 12:23; 17:11 | 7 | Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher) | ? Khirbet/Tell el-Burj[40] 32°36′59″N 34°54′59″E / 32.61639°N 34.91639°E[41] | |
דיבון | dybwn | Dibon | H1769 | Joshua 13:9.17 | 10? | Reuben (east of Jordan) | ? Tell Dhiban, Tall Dhiban[42] 31°30′06″N 35°46′37″E / 31.50167°N 35.77694°E[43] | |
דימונה | dymwnh | Dimonah | H1776 | Joshua 15:22 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
דלען | dlʿn | Dilean | H1810 | Joshua 15:38 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | ||
דמנה | dmnh | Dimnah | H1829 | Joshua 21:35 | 1 | Zebulun (a levitical city) | ||
דן | dn | Dan | H1835 | Joshua 19:47 | 24 | Dan (within Naphtali's territory?) | Tell el-Qadi/Kadi (near Dan) 33°14′55″N 35°39′11″E / 33.24861°N 35.65306°E | = Leshem (H3959) |
דנה | dnh | Dannah | H1837 | Joshua 15:49 | 1 | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen) | ||
זיף | zyp | Ziph [of Judah 1] | H2128 | Joshua 15:24 | 1? | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ? Khirbet ez-Zeifeh[44] 31°00′52″N 34°58′48″E / 31.01444°N 34.98000°E[44] | |
זיף | zyp | Ziph [of Judah 2] | H2128 | Joshua 15:55 | 8? | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah) | ? Tell Zif[45][44] 31°28′27″N 35°07′34″E / 31.47417°N 35.12611°E[44]; Khribet Ziph[46] 31°28′31″N 35°08′06″E / 31.47528°N 35.13500°E[47] | |
זנוח | znwḥ | Zanoah [of Judah 1] | H2182 | Joshua 15:34 | 4? | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) | ||
זנוח | znwḥ | Zanoah [of Judah 2] | H2182 | Joshua 15:56 | 1? | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah) | ||
חברון | ḥbrwn | Hebron | H2275 | Joshua 10:3.5.23.36.39; 11:21; 12:10; 14:13-15; 15:13.54; 20:7; 21:11.13 | 63 | Judah (important cities: Hebron; Caleb's inheritance, not far from Debir; a city of refuge; a levitical city for Kohathites; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon) | Jabla al Rahama (in Hebron) 31°31′26″N 35°06′14″E / 31.52389°N 35.10389°E | = Kiriath-Arba (H7153) |
חדשה | ḥdšh | Hadashah | H2322 | Joshua 15:37 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | ||
חלן | ḥln | Holon | H2473 | Joshua 15:51; 21:15 | 2 | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen; a levitical city) | ||
חלחול | ḥlḥwl | Halhul | H2478 | Joshua 15:58 | 1 | Judah (no important cities) | ||
חלי | ḥly | Hali | H2482 | Joshua 19:25 | 1 | Asher | ||
חלף | ḥlp | Heleph | H2501 | Joshua 19:33 | 1 | Naphtali | ||
חלקת | ḥlqt | Helkath | H2520 | Joshua 19:25; 21:31 | 2 | Asher (a levitical city) | ||
חמון | ḥmwn | Hammon | H2540 | Joshua 19:28 | 2 or 1 | Asher (northern border?) | ||
חמטה | ḥmṭh | Humtah | H2547 | Joshua 15:54 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Hebron) | ||
חמת | ḥmt | Hamath [unassigned] | H2574 | Joshua 13:5 | 36 or 25 | ? (north of Damascus) | Hama Castle area (in Hama) 35°08′11″N 36°44′58″E / 35.13639°N 36.74944°E | |
חמת | ḥmt | Hammath [of Naphtali] | H2575 | Joshua 19:35 | 1 | Naphtali (a fortified city) | = Hammoth-Dor (H2576) ? | |
ḥmt dʾr | Hammoth-Dor | H2576 | Joshua 21:32 | 1 | Naphtali (a levitical city) | = Hammath [of Naphtali] (H2575) ? | ||
חנתן | ḥntn | Hannathon | H2615 | Joshua 19:14 | 1 | Zebulun (Zabulun's northern border) | ||
חסה | ḥsh | Hosah | H2621 | Joshua 19:29 | 1 | Asher (eastern border between Tyre and Achzib) | ||
חפר | ḥpr | Hepher | H2660 | Joshua 12:17 | 2 or 1 | ? (a king of this city was defeated by Joshua) | ||
חפרים | ḥprym | Haphraim | H2663 | Joshua 19:19 | 1 | Issachar | ||
חצור | ḥṣwr | Hazor [of Judah 1] | H2674 | Joshua 15:23 | 1? | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
חצור | ḥṣwr | Hazor [of Judah 2] | H2674 | Joshua 15:25 | 1? | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | see Hezron (H2696) | = Hezron (H2696), = Kerioth[-Hezron] (H7152) ? |
חצור | ḥṣwr | Hazor [of Naphtali] | H2674 | Joshua 11:1.10-11.13; 12:19; 19:36 | 12 | Naphtali (a fortified city) | Tell el Qedah, Khirbet Waqqas 33°01′03″N 35°34′05″E / 33.01750°N 35.56806°E[9]: 328 | |
חצור חדתה | ḥṣwr ḥdth | Hazor Hadattah, Hazor-hadattah | H2675 | Joshua 15:25 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
חצר גדה | ḥṣr gdh | Hazar-Gaddah | H2693 | Joshua 15:27 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
חצרון | ḥṣrwn (qrywt ḥṣrwn ?) | Hezron | H2696 | Joshua 15:3.25 | 2 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; southern border, to the east of Kadesh-Barnea) | = Hazor [of Judah 2] (H2674), = Kerioth[-Hezron] (H7152) ? | |
חצר סוסה | ḥṣr swsh | Hazar-Susah | H2701 | Joshua 19:5 | 1 | Simeon within Judah (listed between Hormah, Ziklag, Beth-Marcaboth and Beth-Lebaoth) | = Sansannah (H5578) ? | |
חצר שועל | ḥṣr šwʿl | Hazar-Shual | H2705 | Joshua 15:28; 19:3 | 4 | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
חוקקה | ḥwqqh | Hukkok | H2712 | Joshua 19:34 | 2 or 1 | Naphtali (south-western corner? with Zebulun on the south, Asher on the west and Judah on Jordan towards the east?) | ||
חרם | ḥrm | Horem | H2765 | Joshua 19:38 | 1 | Naphtali (a fortified city) | ||
חרמה | ḥrmh | Hormah | H2767 | Joshua 12:14; 15:30; 19:4 | 9 | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ? Tell el-Milh, Tel Malhata[48] 31°13′02″N 35°01′33″E / 31.21722°N 35.02583°E[49]; Hirbet el-Mesas, Khirbet el-Meshash, Tel Masos[48] 31°13′00″N 34°58′00″E / 31.21667°N 34.96667°E[50]; Tell el-Khuweilifeh, Tel Halif[48][51] 31°22′58″N 34°51′59″E / 31.38278°N 34.86639°E[52] | |
חשבון | ḥšbwn | Heshbon | H2809 | Joshua 9:10; 12:2.5; 13:10.17.21.26-27; 21:39 | 38 | Reuben, later Gad (east of Jordan, border between Reuben and Gad; a levitical city of Gad) | Tell Ḥesbān (in Hisban) 31°48′03″N 35°48′32″E / 31.80083°N 35.80889°E | |
חשמון | ḥšmwn | Heshmon | H2829 | Joshua 15:27 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
טלם | ṭlm | Telem | H2928 | Joshua 15:24 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
יבוס | ybws | Jebus[14] | H2982 | - | 4 [45][13] | Benjamin, Judah | see Jerusalem (H3389) | = Jerusalem (H3389). Mentioned indirectly as Jebusi (H2983) |
יבוסי, היבוסי | (h)ybwsy | Jebusi, Ha-Jebusi[12] | H2983 | Joshua 15:8; 18:16.28 | 41 | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; northern border of Judah, southern border of Benjamin), Judah (eventually) | see Jerusalem (H3389) | = Jerusalem (H3389), also an inhabitant of Jebus (H2982) |
יבלעם | yblʿm | Ibleam | H2991 | Joshua 17:11 | 3 | Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher) | ? Khirbet Belameh/ Bel'ameh/ Balameh, Sheikh Mansur[53][54] 32°26′45″N 35°17′29″E / 32.44583°N 35.29139°E[9]: 241 ; Yubla, Khirbet Yebla[54] 32°34′33″N 35°28′10″E / 32.57583°N 35.46944°E[55] | |
יבנאל | ybnʾl | Jabneel [of Judah] | H2995 | Joshua 15:11 | 1 | Judah (northern border, west or north-west of Ekron, between mount Baalah and the Mediterranean Sea) | ||
יבנאל | ybnʾl | Jabneel [of Naphtali] | H2995 | Joshua 19:33 | 1 | Naphtali | ||
יגור | ygwr | Jagur | H3017 | Joshua 15:21 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
ידאלה | ydʾlh | Idalah | H3030 | Joshua 19:15 | 1 | Zebulun | ||
יהד | yhd | Jehud | H3055 | Joshua 19:45 | 1 | Dan | ||
יהצה | yhṣh | Jahaza, Jahaz | H3096 | Joshua 13:18; 21:36 | 9 | Reuben (east of Jordan; a levitical city) | ? Hirbet al-Mudayyina[56] 31°35′19″N 35°54′28″E / 31.58861°N 35.90778°E[56]; Hirbet Libb[56] 31°36′23″N 35°45′41″E / 31.60639°N 35.76139°E[56]; Galul, Tell Jalul[56] 31°43′10″N 35°51′21″E / 31.71944°N 35.85583°E[56]; Umm al-Walid[56] 31°38′47″N 35°53′42″E / 31.64639°N 35.89500°E[56] | |
יזרעאל | yzrʿʾl | Jezreel [of Judah] | H3157 | Joshua 15:56 | 2? | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah) | ||
יזרעאל | yzrʿʾl | Jezreel [of Issachar] | H3157 | Joshua 17:16; 19:18 | 32? | Issachar (near Manasseh's and Ephraim's territory) | Tell Jezreel (near Yizre'el, Zir'in) 32°33′28″N 35°19′41″E / 32.55778°N 35.32806°E | |
יוטה | ywṭh | Juttah | H3194 | Joshua 15:55; 21:16 | 2 | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah; a levitical city) | ||
ינוחה | ynwḥh | Janohah, Janoah | H3239 | Joshua 16:6-7 | 2 | Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, between Taanath-Shiloh and Jericho) | ||
ינים, ינום | ynym, ynwm | Janim, Janum | H3241 | Joshua 15:53 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Hebron) | ||
יעזר | yʿzr | Jazer | H3270 | Joshua 13:25; 21:39 | 13 | Gad (east of Jordan; a levitical city) | ? Khirbat Jazzir[57], Hirbet Gazzir[58]: 140–141 (south of Al-Salt) 32°00′17″N 35°44′21″E / 32.00472°N 35.73917°E?[59]; Khirbet es-Sar[57][58]: 140 (west of Amman) 31°56′42″N 35°49′47″E / 31.94500°N 35.82972°E[59][60]; Khirbet es-Sireh[57][58]: 140 (west of Amman) 31°57′25″N 35°48′53″E / 31.95694°N 35.81472°E[59][60]; Yahuz/Yajuz/Yaguz[57][58]: 140 32°01′21″N 35°55′16″E / 32.02250°N 35.92111°E[59]; Kom Yahuz/Yajuz[57] 32°01′54″N 35°54′38″E / 32.03167°N 35.91056°E[59]; Khirbat al-Yadudeh[57][58]: 140 31°50′47″N 35°54′46″E / 31.84639°N 35.91278°E[61][62]; Beit Zerah, Hirbet Bet Zer'a[57][58]: 140 ; Tell el-'Areme[58]: 141 | |
יפו | ypw | Japho | H3305 | Joshua 19:46 | 4 | ? (border of Dan's territory ran to the south? of the city) | ||
יפיע | ypyʿ | Japhia | H3309 | Joshua 19:12 | 1 | Zebulun (Zebulun's southern? border, between Chisloth-Tabor, Daberath and Gittah-Hepher) | ||
יפלטי, היפלטי | (h)yplṭy | Japhleti, Ha-Japhleti[12] | H3311 | Joshua 16:3 | 1 | Ephraim (southern border, between Bethel, Ataroth and the lower Beth-Horon) | inhabitants of a city of a similar name or members of a clan | |
יפתח | yptḥ | Jiphtah, Jephthah | H3316 | Joshua 15:43 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha) | ||
יפתחאל | yptḥʾl | Jipthah-El [a valley] | H3317 | Joshua 19:14.27 | 2 | Zebulun (border between Asher and Zebulun) | a valley, but possibly also a city of the same name | |
יקדעם | yqdʿm | Jokdeam | H3347 | Joshua 15:56 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah) | ||
יקנעם | yqnʿm | Jokneam | H3362 | Joshua 12:22; 19:11; 21:34 | 3 | Zebulun (Zebulun's border, north-western? corner; in Carmel; a levitical city) | ||
יקתאל | yqtʾl | Joktheel | H3371 | Joshua 15:38 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | ||
יראון | yrʾwn | Iron | H3375 | Joshua 19:38 | 1 | Naphtali (a fortified city) | ||
ירושלם | yrwšlm | Jerusalem | H3389 | Joshua 10:1.3.5.23; 12:10; 15:8.63; 18:28 | 643 | Benjamin (initially; group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; northern border of Judah; not very far from Ai, Gibeon; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon), Judah (eventually) | City of David[63]: 166 (in Jerusalem) 31°46′26″N 35°14′09″E / 31.77389°N 35.23583°E | = Jebusi (H2983) |
יריחו | yryḥw | Jericho | H3405 | Joshua 2:1-3; 3:16; 4:13.19; 5:10.13; 6:1-2.25-26; 7:2; 8:2; 9:3; 10:1.28.30; 12:9; 16:1.7; 18:12.21; 20:8; 24:11 | 57 | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; north-eastern border of Benjamin's territory; south-eastern border of Ephraim's territory; not far from the Jordan river) | Tell es-Sultan[64][65][66] (in Jericho) 31°52′16″N 35°26′39″E / 31.87111°N 35.44417°E | |
ירמוח | yrmwt | Jarmuth [of Judah] | H3412 | Joshua 10:3.5.23; 12:11; 15:35 | 6 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon) | ? Khirbet el-Yarmuk, Tel Yarmuth[67] 31°42′31″N 34°58′30″E / 31.70861°N 34.97500°E[68] | |
ירמוח | yrmwt | Jarmuth [of Issachar] | H3412 | Joshua 21:29 | 1 | Issachar (a levitical city) | ||
ירפאל | yrpʾl | Irpeel | H3416 | Joshua 18:27 | 1 | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) | ||
יתיר | ytyr | Jattir | H3492 | Joshua 15:48; 21:14 | 4 | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen; a levitical city) | ||
יתלה | ytlh | Jethlah | H3494 | Joshua 19:42 | 1 | Dan | ||
יתנן | ytnn | Ithnan | H3497 | Joshua 15:23 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
כבול | kbwl | Cabul | H3521 | Joshua 19:27 | 1 | Asher | ||
כבון | kbwn | Cabbon | H3522 | Joshua 15:40 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | ||
כנרת | knrt | Chinnereth | H3672 | Joshua (11:2?;) 19:35 | 3? | Naphtali (a fortified city) | ||
כסיל | ksyl | Chesil | H3686 | Joshua 15:30 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed between Azem, Eltolad and Hormah, Ziklag) | = Bethul (H1329, Simeon's) ? | |
כסולת, הכסולת | (h)kswlt | Chesulloth | H3694 | Joshua 19:18 | 1 | Issachar | ||
כסלת תבר | kslt tbr | Chisloth-Tabor | H3696 | Joshua 19:12 | 1 | Zebulun (Zebulun's southern? border, not far from Sarid) | ||
כפירה, הכפירה | (h)kpyrh | Chephirah, Ha-Chephirah | H3716 | Joshua 9:17; 18:26 | 4 | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; a city of Gibeonites alongside Gibeon, Beeroth and Kirjath-jearim) | ||
כפרהעמנה, כפרהעמני | kpr(h)ʿmnh, kpr(h)ʿmny | Chephar Ammoni, Kephar Ha-Ammoni | H3726 | Joshua 18:24 | 1 | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho) | ||
כרמל | krml | Carmel [of Judah] | H3760 | Joshua 15:55 | 7 | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah) | ? Khirbet el-Kirmil[69]: 433 31°25′21″N 35°07′52″E / 31.42250°N 35.13111°E[69]: 433 | |
כרמל | krml | Carmel [of Asher] | H3760 | Joshua 19:26 | 1 | Asher | possibly only a mountain and not a city | |
כתליש | ktlyš | Kithlish | H3798 | Joshua 15:40 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | ||
לבאות | lbʾwt | Lebaoth | H3822 | Joshua 15:32 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed after Hormah, Ziklag and before Ain, Rimmon) | = Beth-Lebaoth (H1034, Simeon's) ? | |
לבנה | lbnh | Libnah | H3841 | Joshua 10:29.31-32.39; 12:15; 15:42; 21:13 | 16 or 15 | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha; a levitical city; not far from Makkedah and Lachish) | ? Tell Zeita[70][71]: 45–6 (near Gal On) 31°37′45″N 34°49′49″E / 31.62917°N 34.83028°E; Tell Burnat[71]: 45–6, 55–6 (near Beit Nir) 31°37′47″N 34°52′24″E / 31.62972°N 34.87333°E[72] | |
לוזה | lwzh | Luz | H3870 | Joshua 16:2; 18:13 | 7 | Benjamin (southern border of Ephraim's territory and northern border of Benjamin's territory between Beth-Aven and Ataroth-Adar; the former name of Bethel and, possibly, a twin city of Bethel) | see Bethel (H1008) | = Bethel (H1008) |
לחמס | lḥms | Lahmas | H3903 | Joshua 15:40 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | ||
לכיש | lkyš | Lachish | H3923 | Joshua 10:3.5.23.31-35; 12:11; 15:39 | 24 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon; not far from Libnah, Gezer and Eglon) | ? Tell ed-Duweir[73] (near Lakhish) 31°33′55″N 34°50′55″E / 31.56528°N 34.84861°E; Tell Eitun/ Eiton[73] 31°29′20″N 34°55′42″E / 31.48889°N 34.92833°E[74]; formerly identified with Tell el-Hesi (near Shalva) 31°32′51″N 34°43′49″E / 31.54750°N 34.73028°E | |
לקום | lqwm | Lakkum | H3946 | Joshua 19:33 | 1 | Naphtali (not far from the Jordan river) | ||
לשם | lšm | Leshem | H3959 | Joshua 19:47 | 2 | Dan (within Naphtali's territory?) | see Dan (H1835) | = Dan (H1835) |
מגדו | mgdw | Megiddo | H4023 | Joshua 12:21; 17:11 | 12 | Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher) | Tell al Mutesellim 32°35′08″N 35°11′04″E / 32.58556°N 35.18444°E[9]: 394–5 | |
מגדלאל | mgdlʾl | Migdal-El | H4027 | Joshua 19:38 | 1 | Naphtali (a fortified city) | ||
מגדלגד | mgdlgd | Migdal-Gad | H4028 | Joshua 15:37 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | ||
מדון | mdwn | Madon | H4068 | Joshua 11:1; 12:19 | 2 | ? (not very far from Hazor of Naphtali, Shimrom of Zebulun and Achshaph of Asher) | ||
מדין | mdyn | Middin | H4081 | Joshua 15:61 | 1 | Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi) | ||
מדמנה | mdmnh | Madmannah, Madmen | H4086 | Joshua 15:31 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed between Hormah, Ziklag and Sansannah, Lebaoth) | = Beth-Marcaboth (H1024, Simeon's) ? | |
מולדה | mwldh | Moladah | H4137 | Joshua 15:26; 19:2 | 4 | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
מפעת, מיפעת | mpʿt, mypʿt | Mephaath | H4158 | Joshua 13:18; 21:37 | 4 | Reuben (east of Jordan; a levitical city) | ||
מחנים | mḥnym | Mahanaim | H4266 | Joshua 13:26.30; 21:38 | 13 | Gad (east of Jordan; border between Gad and Manasseh; a levitical city) | ? Tell/Tullul edh-Dhahab el-Gharbi[58]: 146–8 [75] 32°11′09″N 35°41′12″E / 32.18583°N 35.68667°E[76]; Tell Hajjaj[58]: 146–8 32°08′58″N 35°41′31″E / 32.14944°N 35.69194°E[58]: 139 [9]: 311 ; Khirbet Mahneh[58]: 146 [75] 32°21′48″N 35°45′16″E / 32.36333°N 35.75444°E?; Tell er-Ruheil, Tall Rehil[58]: 146 32°11′18″N 35°48′27″E / 32.18833°N 35.80750°E[9]: 453 ; Khirbet Saleikhat, Maqbarat es Sleikhat[75]32°19′53″N 35°35′54″E / 32.33139°N 35.59833°E[9]: 386 ; 'Ajlun[75] 32°19′45″N 35°45′15″E / 32.32917°N 35.75417°E? | |
מידבא | mydbʾ | Medeba | H4311 | Joshua 13:9.16 | 5 | Reuben (east of Jordan) | ||
מי הירקון | my (h)yrqwn | Me-Jarkon, Me-Ha-Jarkon | H4313 | Joshua 19:46 | 1 | Dan | ||
מכמתת, המכמתת | (h)mkmtt | Michmethah, Ha-Michmethah [of Ephraim] | H4366 | Joshua 16:6 | 1? | Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, between the upper Beth-Horon and Taanath-Shiloh) | = Michmethah [of Manasseh] (H0836) ? | |
מכמתת, המכמתת | (h)mkmtt | Michmethah, Ha-Michmethah [of Manasseh] | H4366 | Joshua 17:7 | 1? | Manasseh (not far from Shechem, not far from Ephraim's border) | = Michmethah [of Ephraim] (H0836) ? | |
מעון | mʿwn | Maon | H4584 | Joshua 15:55 | 5? | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah) | ||
מעלה עקרבים | mʿlh ʿqrbym | Maaleh-Acrabbim | H4610 | Joshua 15:3 | 3 | Judah (southern border, a place between Kadesh-Barnea and the Dead Sea) | a mountain? | |
מערה | mʿrh | Mearah | H4632 | Joshua 13:4 | 1 | Asher ? (beside Sidon) | ||
מערת | mʿrt | Maarath | H4638 | Joshua 15:59 | 1 | Judah (no important cities) | ||
מצה, המצה | (h)mṣh | Mozah, Ha-Mozah | H4681 | Joshua 18:26 | 1 | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) | ||
מצפה, המצפה | (h)mṣph | Mizpeh, Ha-Mizpeh [of Judah] | H4708 | Joshua 15:38 | 1?? | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | = Mizpeh [of Benjamin] (H4708) ? | |
מצפה, המצפה | (h)mṣph | Mizpeh, Ha-Mizpeh [of Benjamin] | H4708 | Joshua 18:26 | 1?? | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) | = Mizpeh [of Judah] (H4708) ? | |
מצפה, המצפה | (h)mṣph | Mizpeh, Ha-Mizpeh [of Manasseh?, Naphtali?] | H4709 | Joshua 11:3.8 | 2?? | Manasseh?, Naphtali? (under Mount Hermon) | Possibly not a city | |
מקדה | mqdh | Makkedah | H4719 | Joshua 10:10.16-17.21.28-29; 12:16; 15:41 | 9 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah; not far from Libnah) | ? Khirbet el-Kôm/ Qom[72][77] at al-Kum 31°31′57″N 34°57′46″E / 31.53250°N 34.96278°E[78]; Mughar[72] 31°50′23″N 34°46′58″E / 31.83972°N 34.78278°E?[72] ; Deir edh/ed-Dhibban[72] 31°40′23″N 34°53′33″E / 31.67306°N 34.89250°E?[72]; Tell es-Safi[72] 31°41′59″N 34°50′49″E / 31.69972°N 34.84694°E; Khirbet el-Kheishum[72] 31°43′43″N 34°57′13″E / 31.72861°N 34.95361°E?[72]; Tell Bornat/ Burnat[72] 31°37′47″N 34°52′24″E / 31.62972°N 34.87333°E[72]; Khirbet Beit Maqdum[72] 31°31′40″N 34°58′04″E / 31.52778°N 34.96778°E[72]; Qal'at el-Muwaqdah[72] 31°55′29″N 35°00′33″E / 31.92472°N 35.00917°E?[72] | |
מראשה | mrʾšh | Mareshah | H4762 | Joshua 15:44 | 6 | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha) | Tell Sandahanna[79] 31°35′34″N 34°53′54″E / 31.59278°N 34.89833°E[80] | |
מרעלה | mrʿlh | Maralah | H4831 | Joshua 19:11 | 1 | Zebulun (Zebulun's border, between Sarid and Dabbasheth, Jokneam) | ||
משאל | mšʾl | Misheal, Mishal | H4861 | Joshua 19:26; 21:30 | 2 | Asher (not far from Carmel; a levitical city) | ||
משרפת מים | mšrpt mym | Misrephoth-Maim | H4956 | Joshua 11:8; 13:6 | 2 | Asher ? (not far from Sidon) | ||
נבשן | (h)nbšn | Nibshan, Ha-Nibshan | H5044 | Joshua 15:62 | 1 | Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi) | ||
נהלל | nhll | Nahallal, Nahalal | H5096 | Joshua 19:15; 21:35 | 3 | Zebulun (a levitical city) | ||
נעה, הנעה | (h)nʿh | Neah, Ha-Neah | H5269 | Joshua 19:13 | 1 | Zebulun (Zabulun's eastern? border) | ||
נעיאל | nʿyʾl | Neiel | H5272 | Joshua 19:27 | 1 | Asher (between the valley of Jipthah-El and Cabul) | ||
נעמה | nʿmh | Naamah | H5279 | Joshua 15:41 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | ||
נערתה | nʿrth | Naarath | H5292 | Joshua 16:7 | 1 | Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, not far from Jericho) | ||
נציב | nṣyb | Nezib | H5334 | Joshua 15:43 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha) | ||
נקב, הנקב | (h)nqb | Nekeb, Ha-Nekeb | H5346 | Joshua 19:33 | 1 | Naphtali | ||
סכות | skwt | Succoth | H5523 | Joshua 13:27 | 14 or 13 | Gad (east of Jordan) | ? Deir Alla[81]: 46 32°11′48″N 35°37′15″E / 32.19667°N 35.62083°E | |
סככה | skkh | Secacah | H5527 | Joshua 15:61 | 1 | Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi) | ||
סלכה | slkh | Salcah | H5548 | Joshua 12:5; 13:11 | 4 | ? Manasseh? (east of Jordan; former territory of Og, king of Bashan) | ||
סנסנה | snsnh | Sansannah | H5578 | Joshua 15:31 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed between Hormah, Ziklag, Madmannah and Lebaoth) | = Hazar-Susah (H2701, Simeon's) ? | |
עבדון | ʿbdwn | Abdon | H5658 | Joshua 21:30 | 2 | Asher (a levitical city) | ||
עברן | ʿbrn | Hebron, Ebron | H5683 | Joshua 19:28 | 1 | Asher (northern border?) | ||
עגלון | ʿglwn | Eglon | H5700 | Joshua 10:3.5.23.34.36-37; 12:12; 15:39 | 8 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon; not far from Lachish and Hebron) | ? Tel Eiton/ Eitun Aaton/ Eton/ Aitun[74] 31°29′20″N 34°55′42″E / 31.48889°N 34.92833°E[74]; Tel Hasi, Tell el-Hesi[74] (near Tel Ajlan) 31°32′01″N 34°43′50″E / 31.53361°N 34.73056°E[74]; Tel Beit Mirsim[74] 31°27′20″N 34°54′39″E / 31.45556°N 34.91083°E[74][9]: 251 | |
עדיתים | ʿdytym | Adithaim | H5723 | Joshua 15:36 | 1 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) | ||
עדלם | ʿdlm | Adullam | H5725 | Joshua 12:15; 15:35 | 8 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) | ? Khirbet Sheik Madkur/ Madkhur, Khurbet esh-Sheikh Madkour, ʿAīd el Mâ, `Eîd el Mieh[82][9]: 484 31°38′59″N 35°00′09″E / 31.64972°N 35.00250°E[9]: 484 | |
עדעדה | ʿdʿdh | Adadah | H5735 | Joshua 15:22 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
עדר | ʿdr | Eder | H5740 | Joshua 15:21 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
עוים | ʿwym | Avites[12] | H5757 | Joshua 13:3 | 3 | Judah ? (Philistia) | Inhabitants of Ivvah/Avva (H5755) or Avim (H5761) | |
עוים | (h)ʿwym | Avim, Ha-Avim | H5761 | Joshua 18:23 | 1 | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho) | ||
עזה | ʿzh | Gaza, Azzah | H5804 | Joshua 10:41; 11:22; 15:47 | 21 [23][13] | Judah (by the sea; important cities: Ekron, Ashdod, Gaza) | ? Tell Harube, Tell 'Azza/Gaza[83][9]: 300–301 (in Gaza City) 31°30′21″N 34°27′39″E / 31.50583°N 34.46083°E; formerly identified with Tall al-Ajjul 31°28′04″N 34°24′16″E / 31.46778°N 34.40444°E | |
עזקה | ʿzqh | Azekah | H5825 | Joshua 10:10-11; 15:35 | 7 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) | Tell Zakariya/ Zakariyeh[84]: 74–5 31°42′02″N 34°56′10″E / 31.70056°N 34.93611°E[84]: 75 | |
עזתי | ʿzty | Gazathite[12] | H5841 | Joshua 13:3 | 2 | Judah | see Gaza (H5804) | An inhabitant of Gaza (H5804) |
עטרות | ʿṭrwt | Ataroth [of Ephraim 2] | H5852 | Joshua 16:7 | 1 | Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, between Taanath-Shiloh, Janohah and Jericho) | = Ataroth [of Ephraim 1] (H5852) ?, = Ataroth-Addar (H5853) ? | |
עטרות | ʿṭrwt | Ataroth [of Ephraim 1] | H5852 | Joshua 16:2 | 1 | Ephraim (southern border, between Bethel and the lower Beth-Horon) | = Ataroth [of Ephraim 2] (H5852) ?, = Ataroth-Addar (H5853) ? | |
עטרות אדר | ʿṭrwt ʾdr | Ataroth-Addar | H5853 | Joshua 16:5; 18:13 | 2 | Ephraim?, Benjamin? (Ephraim's eastern border, not far from the upper Beth-Horon; northern border of Benjamin's territory between Luz-Bethel and the lower Beth-Choron) | ||
עי, העי | (h)ʿy | Ai, Ha-Ai | H5857 | Joshua 7:2-5; 8:1-3.9-12.14.17-18.20-21.23-26.28-29; 9:3; 10:1-2; 12:9 | 38 or 36 | Benjamin? (beside Bethel; a small town near Beth-Aven, to the east of Bethel) | ? Et-Tell (near Deir Dibwan) 31°55′00″N 35°15′41″E / 31.91667°N 35.26139°E; Khirbet el-Maqatir[16]: 230 [9]: 384 (between Deir Dibwan and Beitin) 31°54′55″N 35°14′59″E / 31.91528°N 35.24972°E; Khirbet Haiyan[85] 31°54′18″N 35°16′17″E / 31.90500°N 35.27139°E; Khirbet Nisya/Nisieh[19][18] (near Psagot) 31°53′48″N 35°13′45″E / 31.89667°N 35.22917°E[18]: 23 | |
עיים | ʿyym | Iim | H5864 | Joshua 15:29 | 2 or 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
עין | ʿyn | Ain | H5871 | Joshua 15:32; 19:7; 21:16 | 4 | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; a levitical city) | ||
עין גדי | ʿyn gdy | En-Gedi | H5872 | Joshua 15:62 | 6 | Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi) | ? Tell el-Jurn, Tel Goren[86] 31°27′54″N 35°23′21″E / 31.46500°N 35.38917°E[87] | |
עין גנים | ʿyn gnym | En-Gannim [of Judah] | H5873 | Joshua 15:34 | 1 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) | ||
עין גנים | ʿyn gnym | En-Gannim [of Issachar] | H5873 | Joshua 19:21; 21:29 | 2 | Issachar (a levitical city) | ||
עין דר | ʿyndr | Endor | H5874 | Joshua 17:11 | 3 | Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher) | ||
עין חדה | ʿyn ḥdh | En-Haddah | H5876 | Joshua 19:21 | 1 | Issachar | ||
עין חצור | ʿyn ḥṣwr | En-Hazor | H5877 | Joshua 19:37 | 1 | Naphtali (a fortified city) | ||
עינם, העינם | (h)ʿynm | Enam, Ha-Enam, Enaim | H5879 | Joshua 15:34 | 2 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) | ||
עין תפוח | ʿyn tpwḥ | En-Tappuah | H5887 | Joshua 17:7 | 1 | Ephraim ?, Manasseh ? (border between Ephraim and Manasseh) | = Tappuah [Ephraim's city in Manasseh's territory] (8599) ? | |
עירהמלח | ʿyr(h)mlḥ | Ir Melach, Ir Ha-Melach (City of Salt) | H5898 | Joshua 15:62 | 1 | Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi) | ||
עיר שמש | ʿyr šmš | Ir-Shemesh | H5905 | Joshua 19:41 | 1 | Dan | ||
עלמון | ʿlmwn | Almon | H5960 | Joshua 21:18 | 1 | Benjamin (a levitical city) | ||
עמה | ʿmh | Ummah | H5981 | Joshua 19:30 | 1 | Asher (south-eastern costal territory of Asher) | ||
עמעד | ʿmʿd | Amad | H6008 | Joshua 19:26 | 1 | Asher | ||
ענב | ʿnb | Anab | H6024 | Joshua 11:21; 15:50 | 2 | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen) | ||
ענים | ʿnym | Anim | H6044 | Joshua 15:50 | 1 | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen) | ||
ענתות | ʿntwt | Anathoth | H6068 | Joshua 21:18 | 13 | Benjamin (a levitical city) | ? 'Anata[88] 31°48′33″N 35°15′29″E / 31.80917°N 35.25806°E?; Ras el-Kharrubeh[89] 31°48′06″N 35°15′12″E / 31.80167°N 35.25333°E??[89]; Khirbet Deir es-Sidd[90] 31°48′36″N 35°16′30″E / 31.81000°N 35.27500°E[90] | |
עפני | (h)ʿpny | Ophni, Ha-Ophni | H6078 | Joshua 18:24 | 1 | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho) | ||
עפרה | ʿprh | Ophrah | H6084 | Joshua 18:23 | 7 or 1 | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho) | ? Taybeh, et-Taiyibeh/ Taiyiba/ Taiyibe/ Tayyibeh[69]: 121 [91] 31°57′09″N 35°18′10″E / 31.95250°N 35.30278°E[92]; Beitin[18]: 21–2 31°55′37″N 35°14′19″E / 31.92694°N 35.23861°E | |
עצם | ʿṣm | Azem | H6107 | Joshua 15:29; 19:3 | 3 | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
עצמונה | ʿṣmwnh | Azmon | H6111 | Joshua 15:4 | 3 | Judah (southern border; to the west of the river of Egypt, not far from the Mediterranean Sea) | ||
עקרון | ʿqrwn | Ekron | H6138 | Joshua 13:3; 15:11.45.46; 19:43 | 22 [24][13] | Judah (by the sea; important cities: Ekron, Ashdod, Gaza; northern border of Philistia?; near Judah's northern border); Dan (border city between Dan and Judah?) | ? Khirbet el-Muqanna (near Yad Binyamin) 31°46′44″N 34°51′00″E / 31.77889°N 34.85000°E; formerly identified with Aqir 31°51′40″N 34°49′23″E / 31.86111°N 34.82306°E, Zikrin 31°39′48″N 34°51′38″E / 31.66333°N 34.86056°E, Qatra 31°49′19″N 34°46′39″E / 31.82194°N 34.77750°E | |
עקרוני | ʿqrwny | Ekronite[12] | H6139 | Joshua 13:3 | 2 | Judah (one of the main Philistine cities) | see Ekron (H6138) | An inhabitant of Ekron (H6138) |
הערבה | (h)ʿrbh | Arabah, Ha-Arabah | H6160 | Joshua 18:18 | 2? | Benjamin? (southern border of Benjamin, close to Beth-Hoglah and the Jordan river) | = Beth-Arabah [of Benjamin] (H1026) ? | |
ערד | ʿrd | Arad | H6166 | Joshua 12:14 | 4 | Judah? | ||
ערוער | ʿrwʿr | Aroer [of Reuben] | H6177 | Joshua 12:2; 13:9.16 | 15 or 14 | Reuben (east of Jordan, on the bank of the river Arnon, in the middle of the river) | ? Khirbet 'Ara'ir[93][94] at 'Ara'ir 31°28′16″N 35°49′10″E / 31.47111°N 35.81944°E | |
ערוער | ʿrwʿr | Aroer [of Gad] | H6177 | Joshua 13:25 | 2 or 1 | Gad (east of Jordan, not far from Rabbah of Amon) | ||
עשן | ʿšn | Ashan | H6228 | Joshua 15:42; 19:7 | 4 | Simeon within Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha) | ||
עשתרות | ʿštrwt | Ashtaroth | H6252 | Joshua 9:10; 12:4; 13:12.31 | 12 | Manasseh (east of Jordan; in Bashan) | ? Tell Ashtarah[95] 32°48′15″N 36°00′56″E / 32.80417°N 36.01556°E[9]: 232 ; Al-Shaykh Saad, Sheikh Sa'ad as Karnaim[96] 32°50′11″N 36°02′10″E / 32.83639°N 36.03611°E[8]: 336 | |
עתה קצין | ʿth qṣyn | Ittah-Kazin | H6278 | Joshua 19:13 | 1 | Zebulun (Zebulun's eastern? border) | ||
עתר | ʿtr | Ether | H6281 | Joshua 15:42; 19:7 | 2 | Simeon within Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha) | ||
פרה | (h)prh | Parah, Ha-Pharah | H6511 | Joshua 18:23 | 1 | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho) | ||
צדים, הצדים | (h)ṣdym | Ziddim, Ha-Ziddim | H6661 | Joshua 19:35 | 1 | Naphtali (a fortified city) | ||
צידון, צידון רבה | ṣydwn (rbh) | Sidon (the great) | H6721 (+ H7227) | Joshua 11:8; 19:28 | 21 [37][13] | Asher (north-western border) | Saint Louis Castle area[9]: 500 at Sidon 33°33′38″N 35°22′14″E / 33.56056°N 35.37056°E | |
צידנים | ṣydnym | Sidonians[12] | H6722 | Joshua 13:4.6 | 16 | Asher | see Sidon (H6721) | Inhabitants of Sidon (H6721) |
ציער | ṣyʿr | Zior | H6730 | Joshua 15:54 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Hebron) | ||
צלע | ṣlʿ | Zelah | H6762 | Joshua 18:28 | 2 | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) | ||
צמרים | ṣmrym | Zemaraim | H6787 | Joshua 18:22 | 1 | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho) | ||
צנן | ṣnn | Zenan | H6799 | Joshua 15:37 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) | ||
צעננים | ṣʿnnym | Zaanannim | H6815 | Joshua 19:33 | 2 | Naphtali | ||
צפון | ṣpwn | Zaphon | H6829 | Joshua 13:27 | 1 | Gad (east of Jordan) | ||
צקלג | ṣqlg | Ziklag | H6860 | Joshua 15:31; 19:5 | 15 | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ? Tell esh-Shari'ah, Tell Sera'[97][98] 31°23′26″N 34°40′40″E / 31.39056°N 34.67778°E[9]: 474 ; Tell el-Hesi[97][98] 31°32′51″N 34°43′49″E / 31.54750°N 34.73028°E; Tell el-Khuweilifeh, Tel Halif[97][98] 31°22′59″N 34°51′58″E / 31.38306°N 34.86611°E; Tell ‘Areini[98] (near Kiryat Gat) 31°36′42″N 34°47′07″E / 31.61167°N 34.78528°E; Tell en-Nejileh, Tel Nagila[98] (between Ahuzam and Beit Kama) 31°30′08″N 34°45′28″E / 31.50222°N 34.75778°E; Khirbet Meshash, Tel Masos[97] 31°12′47″N 34°58′00″E / 31.21306°N 34.96667°E; Tell es-Seba[97] (near Beersheba) 31°14′41″N 34°50′27″E / 31.24472°N 34.84083°E; Khirbet Zuheilikah/Zuheiliqah[98] 31°25′51″N 34°37′59″E / 31.43083°N 34.63306°E?[99] | |
צר | ṣr | Zer, Tyre [of Naphtali] | H6863 | Joshua 19:35 | 1 | Naphtali (a fortified city) | ||
צר | ṣr | Tyre [of Asher] | H6865 | Joshua 19:29 | 42 | Asher (eastern border) | Tyre 33°16′15″N 35°11′40″E / 33.27083°N 35.19444°E | |
צרעה | ṣrʿh | Zoreah, Zorah | H6881 | Joshua 15:33; 19:41 | 10 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah); Dan (border city between Dan and Judah?) | ? Tel Tzora/ Tzar'a/ Tsar'a, (Tell) Sar'a[100] 31°46′31″N 34°59′08″E / 31.77528°N 34.98556°E | |
צרת השחר | ṣrt (h)šḥr | Zareth-Shahar, Zareth-Ha-Shahar | H6890 | Joshua 13:19 | 1 | Reuben (east of Jordan) | ||
צרתן | ṣrtn | Zaretan | H6891 | Joshua 3:16 | 3 | ? (Located by the Jordan river, near Adam, far from Jericho) | ||
קבצאל | qbṣʾl | Kabzeel | H6909 | Joshua 15:21 | 3 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
קבצים | qbṣym | Kibzaim | H6911 | Joshua 21:22 | 1 | Ephraim (a levitical city) | ||
קדמת | qdmt | Kedemoth | H6932 | Joshua 13:18; 21:37 | 4 | Reuben (east of Jordan; a levitical city) | ||
קדש | qdš | Kedesh [of Judah] | H6943 | Joshua 15:23 | 1? | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | = Kedesh Barnea (H6947) ? | |
קדש | qdš | Kedesh [of Naphtali] | H6943 | Joshua 12:22; 19:37; 20:7; 21:32 | 11? | Naphtali (a fortified city; in Galilee; a city of refuge; a levitical city) | ? Tell Qadas/ Qades[6]: 295 (near Ramot Naftali) 33°06′36″N 35°31′51″E / 33.11000°N 35.53083°E[8]: 348 ; Khirbet el-Kidish/ Qedish/ Qadish[6]: 295 (near Poria Illit) 32°44′03″N 35°33′17″E / 32.73417°N 35.55472°E[8]: 341 ; some passages might refer to Tell Abu Qudeis[6]: 295 32°33′34″N 35°12′59″E / 32.55944°N 35.21639°E[8]: 350 | |
קדש ברנע | qdš brnʿ | Kadesh Barnea | H6947 | Joshua 10:41; 14:6.7; 15:3 | 10 | Judah (southern border) | ? Tell el-Qudeirat[101] 30°38′53″N 34°25′21″E / 30.64806°N 34.42250°E[101]; 'Ain el-Qudeirat[102] 30°38′33″N 34°24′49″E / 30.64250°N 34.41361°E[103]; 'Ain Qadeis/Kadeis[102] 30°35′03″N 34°29′09″E / 30.58417°N 34.48583°E[104]; 'Ain al-Qusaima/Quseima[102] 30°40′00″N 34°22′00″E / 30.66667°N 34.36667°E[105]; El Muweilah[102] 30°41′09″N 34°19′12″E / 30.68583°N 34.32000°E[106]; formerly identified with Petra[107] | = Kedesh [of Judah] (H6943) ? |
קטח | qṭḥ | Kattath | H7005 | Joshua 19:15 | 1 | Zebulun | ||
קין | (h)qyn | Cain, Ha-Cain | H7014 | Joshua 15:57 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah) | ||
קינה | qynh | Kinah | H7016 | Joshua 15:22 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ||
קנה | qnh | Kanah | H7071 | Joshua 19:28 | 1 | Asher (northern border?) | ||
קעילה | qʿylh | Keilah | H7084 | Joshua 15:44 | 17 | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha) | Khirbet Qila (at Qila) 31°36′50″N 35°00′10″E / 31.61389°N 35.00278°E[9]: 359 | |
קציץ, עמק קציץ | qṣyṣ, ʿmq qṣyṣ | Keziz, Emek-Keziz | H7104, H6010+H7104 | Joshua 18:21 | 1 | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho) | ||
קריות | qrywt (qrywt ḥṣrwn ?) | Kerioth (Kerioth-Hezron?) | H7152 | Joshua 15:25 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | = Hezron (H2696) ? | |
קריתארבע | qrytʾrbʿ | Kirjath-Arba | H7153 | Joshua 14:15; 15:13.54; 20:7; 21:11 | 9 | Judah (important cities: Hebron; a city of refuge; a levitical city for Kohathites) | see Hebron (H2275) | = Hebron (H2275) |
קריתבעל | qrytbʿl | Kiriath-Baal | H7154 | Joshua 15:60; 18:14 | 2 | Judah (important cities: Kiriath-Jearim; border between Judah and Benjamin - south-western corner of Benjamin's territory) | see Kiriath-Jearim (H7157) | = Kiriath-Jearim (H7157) |
קריתים | qrytym | Kirjathaim | H7156 | Joshua 13:19 | 6 | Reuben (east of Jordan) | ? Khirbat al-Qureijat[108]: 122 31°31′54″N 35°52′49″E / 31.53167°N 35.88028°E?[108]: 122 ; Khirbat al-Qureiyeh[108]: 122–3 31°42′55″N 35°40′30″E / 31.71528°N 35.67500°E?[109]; Qaryat al-Mekhaiyet, Khirbat
Mukhayyat[108]: 122–3 31°44′56″N 35°44′37″E / 31.74889°N 35.74361°E[110] |
|
קרית | qryt | Kirjath | H7157 | Joshua 18:28 | 1 | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) | = Kiriath-Jearim (H7157, Judah's) ? | |
קריתיערים | qrytyʿrym | Kiriath-Jearim | H7157 | Joshua 9:17; 15:9.60; 18:14-15; [18:28?] | 19 | Judah, Benjamin? (important cities: Kiriath-Jearim; border between Judah and Benjamin - south-western corner of Benjamin's territory; a city of Gibeonites alongside Gibeon, Chephirah and Beeroth) | ? Deir el Azar 31°48′39″N 35°05′59″E / 31.81083°N 35.09972°E[9]: 440 | = Kiriath-Baal (H7154), = Baalah [of Judah 1] (H1173), = Kirjath (H7157) ? |
קריתספר | qrytspr | Kirjath-Sepher | H7158 | Joshua 15:15-16 | 4 | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen) | see Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688) | = Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688) |
קריתסנה | qrytsnh | Kirjath-Sannah | H7158 | Joshua 15:49 | 1 | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen) | see Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688) | = Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688) |
קרקעה, הקרקעה | (h)qrqʿh | Karkaa, Ha-Karkaa | H7173 | Joshua 15:3 | 1 | Judah (southern border; to the east of Adar, Hezron and Kadesh-Barnea) | ||
קרתה | qrth | Kartah | H7177 | Joshua 21:34 | 1 | Zebulun (a levitical city) | ||
קרתן | qrtn | Kartan | H7178 | Joshua 21:32 | 1 | Naphtali (a levitical city) | ||
קשיון | qšywn | Kishion | H7191 | Joshua 19:20; 21:28 | 2 | Issachar (a levitical city) | ||
ראמת | rʾmt | Ramoth | H7216 | Joshua 20:8; [21:38] | 4 | Gad (in Gilead; a city of refuge; a levitical city) | see Ramoth Gilead (H7433) | = Ramoth (H7433) |
רבה | (h)rbh | Rabbah, Ha-Rabbah [of Judah] | H7237 | Joshua 15:60 | 1 | Judah (important cities: Kiriath-Jearim) | ||
רבה | rbh | Rabbah, Rabbah [of Ammonites] | H7237 | Joshua 13:25 | 14 | Ammonites | Jabal al-Qal'a[57] (in Amman) 31°57′17″N 35°56′03″E / 31.95472°N 35.93417°E | |
רבית, הרבית | (h)rbyt | Rabbith, Ha-Rabbith | H7245 | Joshua 19:20 | 1 | Issachar | ||
רחב | rḥb | Rehob [of Asher 1] | H7340 | Joshua 19:28; (21:31?) | 6 or 1 | Asher (northern border?; a levitical city?) | ? Tell al-Balat [111]: 71 33°06′53″N 35°17′26″E / 33.11472°N 35.29056°E[112]; Khirbat al-ʿAmri[113] 33°03′59″N 35°08′18″E / 33.06639°N 35.13833°E???[114]; formerly identified with Hunin[115] | |
רחב | rḥb | Rehob [of Asher 2] | H7340 | Joshua 19:30; (21:31?) | 1? | Asher (south-eastern costal territory of Asher; a levitical city?) | ? Tell Bir al-Gharbi, Tel Bira[111]: 71–2 32°54′04″N 35°10′09″E / 32.90111°N 35.16917°E[10]: 99 | |
ראמת | rʾmt | Ramath, Ramath-Negev | H7414 | Joshua 19:8 | 1? | Simeon (within Judah?, in the Negev?) | ||
רמה, הרמה | (h)rmh | Ramah, Ha-Ramah [of Benjamin] | H7414 | Joshua 18:25 | 33? | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) | ? Al-Ram 31°51′13″N 35°14′00″E / 31.85361°N 35.23333°E | |
רמה, הרמה | (h)rmh | Ramah, Ha-Ramah [of Asher] | H7414 | Joshua 19:29 | 1? | Asher (eastern border between Sidon and Tyre) | ||
רמה, הרמה | (h)rmh | Ramah, Ha-Ramah [of Naphtali] | H7414 | Joshua 19:36 | 1? | Naphtali (a fortified city) | ||
רמון | rmwn | Rimmon, Remmon | H7417 | Joshua 15:32; 19:7 | 8 or 4 | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) | ? Khirbet Umm er-Ramamin[116] (Khirbet Raymond?) 31°22′19″N 34°51′55″E / 31.37194°N 34.86528°E[117]; Ain-Urtās/Artās[118] ? | |
רמון המתאר | rmwn (h)mtʾr | Rimmon-Methoar, Remmon-Ha-Methoar | H7417 | Joshua 19:13 | 3 | Zebulun (Zabulun's eastern? border) | ||
רמת | rmt | Remeth | H7432 | Joshua 19:21 | 1 | Issachar | ||
רמת, רמת גלעד | rmt, rmt glʿd | Ramoth, Ramoth Gilead | H7433 | Joshua [20:8;] 21:38 | 21 | Gad (in Gilead; a city of refuge; a levitical city) | ? Khirbat al Rumaythah, Tell er-Rumeit[119] (near Ar Ramtha) 32°29′59″N 36°00′53″E / 32.49972°N 36.01472°E | = Ramoth (H7216) |
רמת המצפה | rmt (h)mṣph | Ramath-Mizpeh, Ramath-Ha-Mizpeh | H7434 | Joshua 13:26 | 1 | Gad (east of Jordan) | ||
הרקון | (h)rqwn | Rakkon, Ha-Rakkon | H7542 | Joshua 19:46 | 1 | Dan | ||
רקם | rqm | Rekem | H7552 | Joshua 18:27 | 1 | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) | ||
רקת | rqt | Rakkath | H7557 | Joshua 19:35 | 1 | Naphtali (a fortified city) | ||
שבמה | šbmh | Sibmah | H7643 | Joshua 13:19 | 6 | Reuben (east of Jordan) | ||
שבע | šbʿ | Sheba | H7652 | Joshua 19:2 | 1 | Simeon within Judah (listed alongside Moladah) | = Shema (H8090) ? | |
שברים, השברים | (h)šbrym | Shebarim, Ha-Shebarim | H7671 | Joshua 7:5 | 1 | Benjamin?, Judah? (not very far from Ai, probably to the east of Ai) | ||
שוכה | šwkh | Socoh [of Judah 1] | H7755 | Joshua 15:35 | 6 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) | ? Khirbet esh-Shuwaikah/Shuweikeh[84]: 77 + Khirbet 'Abbad[120] 31°40′55″N 34°58′26″E / 31.68194°N 34.97389°E[121]; formerly identified with Tell Zakariya[84]: 77 31°42′02″N 34°56′10″E / 31.70056°N 34.93611°E[84]: 75 | |
שוכה | šwkh | Socoh [of Judah 2] | H7755 | Joshua 15:48 | 1 | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen) | ? Khirbet Shuweikeh[120] 31°24′13″N 35°00′18″E / 31.40361°N 35.00500°E[122] | |
שונם | šwnm | Shunem | H7766 | Joshua 19:18 | 3 | Issachar | ||
שחצומה, שחצימה | šḥṣwmh, šḥṣymh | Shahazimah | H7831 | Joshua 19:22 | 1 | Issachar | ||
שטים, השטים | (h)šṭym | Shittim | H7851 | Joshua 2:1; 3:1 | 5 | ? (a place on the east side of the Jordan river, not far from Jericho) | ||
שיאן | šyʾn | Shihon | H7866 | Joshua 19:19 | 1 | Issachar | ||
שיחור | šyḥwr | Sihor | H7883 | Joshua 13:3 | 2 | ? (southern Canaan, "before the face of Egypt") | ||
שיחור לבנח | šyḥwr lbnḥ | Shihor-Libnath | H7884 | Joshua 19:26 | 1 | Asher (not far from Carmel) | ||
שלה | šlh | Shiloh | H7887 | Joshua 18:1.8-10; 19:51; 21:2; 22:9.12 | 32 | ? Ephraim? | Khirbet Seilun (near Shilo) 32°03′21″N 35°17′23″E / 32.05583°N 35.28972°E | |
שכם | škm | Shechem | H7927 | Joshua 17:7; 20:7; 21:21; 24:1.25.32 | 49 or 48 | Ephraim (not far from Michmethah, not far from the border between Ephraim and Manasseh?; a city of refuge; a levitical city; an Israelite meeting place at the end of Joshua's life) | Tell Balata (in Balata) 32°12′49″N 35°16′56″E / 32.21361°N 35.28222°E | |
שכרונה | škrwnh | Shicron | H7942 | Joshua 15:11 | 1 | Judah (northern border, west or north-west of Ekron, not far from mount Baalah) | ||
שלחים | šlḥym | Shilhim | H7978 | Joshua 15:32 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed between Lebaoth and Ain, Rimmon) | = Sharuhen (H8287, Simeon's) ? | |
שמיר | šmyr | Shamir | H8069 | Joshua 15:48 | 3 | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen) | ||
שמע | šmʿ | Shema | H8090 | Joshua 15:26 | 1 | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed alongside Moladah) | = Sheba (H7652, Simeon's) ? | |
שמרון | šmrwn | Shimrom | H8110 | Joshua 11:1; 19:15 | 2 | Zebulun (not very far from Hazor, Madon and Achshaph) | = Shimron-Meron (H8112) ? | |
שמרון מראון | šmrwn mrʾwn | Shimron-Meron | H8112 | Joshua 12:20 | 1 | ? (the king of this city was defeated by Joshua) | = Shimrom (H8110) ? | |
שעלבין | šʿlbyn | Shaalabbin | H8169 | Joshua 19:42 | 3 | Dan | ||
שורים | šʿrym | Sharaim | H8189 | Joshua 15:36 | 3 or 2 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) | ||
שרוחן | šrwḥn | Sharuhen | H8287 | Joshua 19:6 | 1 | Simeon within Judah (listed between Beth-Lebaoth and Ain, Rimmon) | = Shilhim (H7978) ? | |
לשרון | lšrwn | Lasharon | H8289 | Joshua 12:18 | 1? | ? (the king of this city was defeated by Joshua) | ||
שריד | šryd | Sarid | H8301 | Joshua 19:10.12 | 2 | Zebulun (Zebulun's border - south-western? corner) | ||
תאנת שלה | tʾnt šlh | Taanath-Shiloh | H8387 | Joshua 16:6 | 1 | Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, between the upper Beth-Horon, Michmethah and Janohah, Jericho) | ||
תבור | tbwr | Tabor | H8396 | Joshua 19:22 | 1 to 4 | Issachar | ||
תמנה | tmnh | Timnah | H8553 | Joshua 15:10.57 | 11? | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah; northern border, between Beth-Shemesh and Ekron) | ? Tell el-Batashi[123] 31°47′05″N 34°54′40″E / 31.78472°N 34.91111°E[124]; formerly identified with Khirbet Tibneh[123] 31°44′40″N 34°56′03″E / 31.74444°N 34.93417°E?[125][121] | = Thimnathah (H8553, Dan's) ? |
תמנתה | tmnth | Thimnathah | H8553 | Joshua 19:43 | 1 | Dan | = Timnah (H8553, Judah's) ? | |
תמנתסרח | tmntsrḥ | Timnathserah | H8556 | Joshua 19:50; 24:30 | 3 | Ephraim (Joshua's inheritance; on the north of the hill of Gaash) | ||
תענך | tʿnk | Taanach | H8590 | Joshua 12:21; 17:11; 21:25 | 7 | Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher; a levitical city) | Tell Ta'annek/Tiinik[126] 32°31′15″N 35°13′11″E / 32.52083°N 35.21972°E[9]: 509 | |
תפוח | tpwḥ | Tappuah [of Judah] | H8599 | Joshua (12:17?;) 15:34 | 2 or 1 | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) | ||
תפוח | tpwḥ | Tappuah [of Ephraim] | H8599 | Joshua (12:17?;) 16:8; 17:8 | 4 or 3 | Ephraim (northern border of Ephraim, located between Ephraim and Manasseh's territories) | = En-Tappuah (H5887) ? | |
תראלה | trʾlh | Taralah | H8634 | Joshua 18:27 | 1 | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) | ||
תרצה | trṣh | Tirzah | H8656 | Joshua 12:24 | 14 | ? (a king of this city was defeated by Joshua) | ?[127]: 116 Tell el-Far'ah (North)[128][129][130]: 142 32°17′14″N 35°20′15″E / 32.28722°N 35.33750°E |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Academic style consonantal transliteration following Society of Biblical Literature (2014). "TRANSLITERATING AND TRANSCRIBING ANCIENT TEXTS". The SBL Handbook of Style. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. p. 56. doi:10.2307/j.ctt14bs6ct.9. ISBN 9781589839656. JSTOR j.ctt14bs6ct.
- ^ Coordinates provided using the Palestine grid system (publications prior to 1994) have been converted to the World Geodetic System ("EPSG:4326 WGS 84") using the "EPSG.io: Coordinate Systems Worldwide" (Klokan Technologies GmbH) online convertor (with "EPSG:7142 Palestine 1923 / Palestine Grid modified" as the source). Coordinates described by the Israeli Transverse Mercator (works published after 1993) have been converted using the "EPSG:2039 Israel 1993 / Israeli TM Grid" as the source.
- ^ a b Porter, J. L. (1863). "Edrei". In Smith, William (ed.). A Dictionary of the Bible: Comprising Its Antiquities, Biography, and Natural History. Vol. 1. John Murray. p. 491-2. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
- ^ Douglas, J. D.; Tenney, Merrill C. (2011) [1987]. "Edrei". Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Zondervan. p. 388. ISBN 9780310492351. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
- ^ Nelson, Richard D. (2004) [= 2002]. Deuteronomy: A Commentary. The Old Testament Library. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 52. ISBN 9780664229542.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ a b c d e f g Junkkaala, Eero Kalevi (2006). Three Conquests of Canaan (PDF). Åbo Akademi University Press. ISBN 9517653352. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-26. Retrieved 2018-05-26.
- ^ a b Langston, Scott M. (2000). "Aijalon". In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. p. 37. ISBN 9789053565032. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
- ^ a b c d e Goren, Yuval; Finkelstein, Israel; Na’aman, Nadav (2004). Inscribed in Clay, Provenance Study of the Amarna Tablets and Other Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Monograph series. Vol. 23. Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology. ISBN 9789652660206.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Kennedy, Titus Michael (2013). A Demographic Analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan: Ancient Population. Estimates and Insights through Archaeology (PDF) (PhD). University of South Africa. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-24.
- ^ a b c Lehmann, Gunnar (2001). "Phoenicians in Western Galilee: First Results of an Archaeological Survey in the Hinterland of Akko". In Mazar, Amihai (ed.). Studies in the Archaeology of the Iron Age in Israel and Jordan. Journal of the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement. Vol. 331. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 9781841272030.
- ^ "EPSG.io: Coordinate Systems Worldwide (1605.2500)". Klokan Technologies GmbH. Retrieved 2018-06-05.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k A word (esp. describing citizens or inhabitants) derived from a given town's name
- ^ a b c d e f g h Including derived words, esp. those describing citizens or inhabitants or a given town
- ^ a b c The city's name is not mentioned in the book of Joshua directly but its derivative (esp. a word describing the town's citizens) is used.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Chesnut, Owen D. (2006). The Location of Biblical Eshtaol (PDF) (MA). Jerusalem University College. Archived from the original on 2010-08-27.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Wood, Bryant G. (2008). "The Search for Joshua's Ai" (PDF). In Hess, Richard S.; Klingbeil, Gerald A.; Ray, Paul J. (eds.). Critical Issues in Early Israelite History. Bulletin for Biblical Research Supplement. Vol. 3. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575068046.
- ^ McKinny, Chris (2015). "Dividing the Spoil - A Discussion of the Identifications of Beth-Aven, Emek-Keziz and Zemaraim in the Territory of Benjamin". In Tavger, Aharon; Amar, Zohar; Billig, Miriam (eds.). In the Highland's Depth - Ephraim Range and Binyamin Research Studies. Vol. 5. pp. 10*-32*. ISBN 9781575068046.
- ^ a b c d Livingston, David Palmer (1989). Khirbet Nisya 1979-1986: a Report on Six Seasons of Excavation (PhD). Andrews University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-26.
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