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Palaemon paludosus, commonly known as ghost shrimp, glass shrimp, and eastern grass shrimp,[1][2] is a species of freshwater shrimp from the southeastern United States.[3]
Description[edit]
Palaemon paludosus is up to 2.5 cm (1.0 in) long and largely transparent. By manipulating the pigment granules in its body, it can produce effective camouflage against its background.[4] It is very similar to P. kadiakensis, from which it can be distinguished by the arrangement of spines on the telson.[2]
Distribution[edit]
Palaemon paludosus is common in southern states east of the Appalachian Mountains. It is also found in Louisiana, where it may not be native, and there are scattered records from further west, in Texas and California.[2] They are thought to have been introduced in many environment by accident since they have been used as fishing bait across America[5]. Their distribution is due to decreased susceptibility to predation because of complexity in higher habitats in Polygonum beds.[6]
Ecology[edit]
Palaemon paludosus lives in fresh water or slightly brackish water, usually in lakes.[2] It is nocturnal, remaining hidden among the vegetation by day, and emerging at night to feed on plankton.[4] It is an important prey item for a number of birds and fishes,[7] including different species of carp and black bass, [8]and may be considered a keystone species.[9]
With an annual lifecycle the Palaemon paludosus reproduces sexually and will die after their spawning is completed resulting in a new generation. breeding seasons depends on the population as it is dependent of water temperature. The shrimp will reach sexual maturity right before the breeding season begins. Females are capable of laying up to 85 eggs per clutch[8].
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- ^ "Palaemonetes paludosus (riverine grass shrimp)". Animal Diversity Web.
- ^ a b c d Jerry G. Walls (2009). "Appendix 2. Freshwater shrimp in Louisiana". Crawfishes of Louisiana. Louisiana State University. pp. 216–224. ISBN 978-0-8071-3409-2.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Palaemon paludosus (Gibbes, 1850)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2023-06-17.
- ^ a b Doug Stamm (2008). "Appendix A. More about springs inhabitants". The Springs of Florida (2nd ed.). Pineapple Press. pp. 93–108. ISBN 978-1-56164-422-3.
- ^ Holthuis, L.B (1952). A general revision of the Palaemonidae (Crustacea Decapoda Natantia) of the Americas. ii. the subfamily Palaemoninae. Los Angeles: The University of Southern California Press.
- ^ Wessell, K.J.; Merritt, R.W.; Cummins, K.W. (2001). "Distribution, diel movement, and growth of the grass shrimp Palaemonetes paludosus in the Kissimmee River-floodplain ecosystem, Florida". Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology. 37 (2): 85–95. doi:10.1051/limn/2001012.
- ^ John S. Richardson & Michael J. Jackson (2003). "Aquatic invertebrates". In Martin Richard Perrow & Anthony J. Davy (eds.). Handbook of Ecological Restoration, Volume 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 300–323. ISBN 978-0-521-79128-1.
- ^ a b "Eastern grass shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus) - Species Profile". USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
- ^ Richard W. Merritt; Michael J. Higgins; Kenneth W. Cummins & Brigitte Vandeneeden (1999). "The Kissimmee River–riparian marsh ecosystem, Florida. Seasonal differences in invertebrate functional feeding group relationships". In Darold P. Batzer; Russell Ben Rader & Scott A. Wissinger (eds.). Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands of North America: Ecology and Management. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 55–80. ISBN 978-0-471-29258-6.