User:Mr. Ibrahem/Generalized anxiety disorder

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Generalized anxiety disorder
Video explanation
SpecialtyPsychiatry
SymptomsExcessive worry, restlessness, trouble sleeping, irritability[1]
ComplicationsHeart disease, suicide[2]
Usual onset30 to 60[3]
DurationAt least 6 months[4]
Risk factorsStress, genetics, substance misuse[5]
Diagnostic methodGAD-7[5]
Differential diagnosisHyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, bipolar, caffeine[5]
TreatmentCognitive behavioral therapy, medications[1]
MedicationDuloxetine, pregabalin, venlafaxine, escitalopram[6]
PrognosisMixed[5]
Frequency4 to 9% at some point in time[7][8]

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive and difficult to control worry about events or activities.[7] Other symptoms may include muscle tension, irritability, tiredness, trouble concentrating, and trouble sleeping.[4] These issues are to a degree that impaired functioning or significant distress occurs.[7] Onset is often gradual.[1] Complications may include heart disease and suicide.[2]

Risk factors may include psychological stress, genetics, and substance misuse.[5] It is a type of anxiety disorder.[7] The GAD-7 may be used to help make the diagnosis and determine severity.[5] Diagnosis requires at least six months of symptoms.[7][4]

Treatment may include a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and medications.[1] Medications which may be useful include duloxetine, pregabalin, venlafaxine, and escitalopram.[6] Other medications that may be used include buspirone, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines.[5] Long term outcomes are mixed.[5]

About 0.4 to 3.6% of people are affected in a given year, and 4 to 9% of people are affected at some point in their life.[7][8] It is most common in those between the ages of 30 and 60.[3] It is twice as common in women as men.[7] The condition was first introduced in the DSM-III in 1980, before which it was see as a part of anxiety neurosis.[5]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d "Generalized Anxiety Disorder: When Worry Gets Out of Control". NIMH. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  2. ^ a b DeMartini, J; Patel, G; Fancher, TL (2 April 2019). "Generalized Anxiety Disorder". Annals of Internal Medicine. 170 (7): ITC49–ITC64. doi:10.7326/AITC201904020. PMID 30934083.
  3. ^ a b "NIMH » Generalized Anxiety Disorder". www.nimh.nih.gov. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  4. ^ a b c "NIMH » Anxiety Disorders". www.nimh.nih.gov. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Munir, S; Takov, V (January 2020). "Generalized Anxiety Disorder". PMID 28722900. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ a b Slee, April; Nazareth, Irwin; Bondaronek, Paulina; Liu, Yifeng; Cheng, Zhihang; Freemantle, Nick (February 2019). "Pharmacological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis". The Lancet. 393 (10173): 768–777. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31793-8. PMID 30712879.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.
  8. ^ a b Craske, MG; Stein, MB (24 June 2016). "Anxiety". The Lancet. 388 (10063): 3048–3059. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30381-6. PMID 27349358.
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