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User:MaryGaulke/sandbox/Applied Materials History

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History

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Founding and early years

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Founded in 1967 by Michael A. McNeilly and others, Applied Materials went public in 1972. In subsequent years, the company diversified, until James C. Morgan became CEO in 1976 and returned the company’s focus to its core business of semiconductor manufacturing equipment.[1][2] By 1978, sales increased by 17%.[3] In 1992, Applied became the world's largest manufacturer of semiconductor equipment.[1]

In 1987, Applied introduced a CVD machine called the Precision 5000, which differed from existing machines by incorporating diverse processes into a single machine that had multiple process chambers.[4] In 1993, the Precision 5000 was inducted into the Smithsonian Institution's permanent collection of Information Age technology.[4]

In 1992, the corporation settled a lawsuit with three former employees for an estimated $600,000. The suit complained that the employees were driven out of the company after complaining about the courses Applied Scholastics had been hired to teach there.[5]

Business in China and Japan

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In 1984, Applied Materials became the first U.S. semiconductor equipment manufacturer to open its own technology center in Japan[6] and the first semiconductor equipment company to operate a service center in China.[7]

In 1991, Applied Materials set up Applied Display Technology, a Japan-based subsidiary, to sell flat panel manufacturing equipment. Two years later, Applied Materials announced a joint venture with Komatsu Limited, a Japanese manufacturer of construction machinery, to manufacture and sell equipment for producing liquid crystal displays.[8]

In 2009, Applied Materials opened its Solar Technology Center—the world’s largest commercial solar energy research and development facility—in Xi’an, China.[9]

Acquisitions

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Acquisitions have driven much of Applied Materials' growth since the late 1990s.[1] In November 1996, Applied Materials acquired two Israeli companies for an aggregate amount of $285 million: Opal Technologies and Orbot Instruments for $175 million and $110 million in cash, respectively. Orbot produces systems for inspecting patterned silicon wafers for yield enhancement during the semiconductor manufacturing process, as well as systems for inspecting masks used during the patterning process. Opal develops and manufactures high-speed metrology systems used by semiconductor manufacturers to verify critical dimensions during the production of integrated circuits.[10]

In 2000, Applied Materials purchased Etec Systems, Inc., for $1.9 billion, entering the mask-making equipment market.[1] On June 27, 2001, Applied acquired Israeli company Oramir Semiconductor Equipment Ltd., a supplier of laser cleaning technologies for semiconductor wafers, in a purchase business combination for $21 million in cash.[11]

In January 2008, Applied Materials purchased an Italian company Baccini, a designer of tools used in manufacturing solar cells.[12] Applied Materials' acquisition of Semitool, Inc., was completed in December 2009, and Applied Materials announced its acquisition of Varian Semiconductor in May 2011.[13]

Applied Materials announced its merger with Tokyo Electron on September 24, 2013.[14] If approved by government regulators, the combined company, to be called Eteris,[15] would be the world's largest supplier of semiconductor processing equipment, with a total market value of more than $30 billion. However, on April 27, 2015, Applied Materials announced that its merger with Tokyo Electron has been scrapped due to fears of dominating the semiconductor equipment industry.[16]

  1. ^ a b c d Turner, Tyya N. (14 June 2005). Vault Guide to the Top Manufacturing Employers. Vault. p. 30. ISBN 978-1581313246. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  2. ^ McCaffery, Richard (17 December 1999). "TMF Interview With Applied Materials Chairman and Chief Executive James Morgan". The Motley Fool. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  3. ^ Wheelwright, Steven C. (2010). Managing New Product and Process Development: Text Cases. Simon and Schuster. p. 428. ISBN 9781451602319. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  4. ^ a b Tsai, Terence; Cheng, Borshiuan (1 January 2006). The Silicon Dragon: High-tech Industry in Taiwan. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 116. ISBN 1840642408. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  5. ^ "Scientologizing". Forbes. September 14, 1992. p. 25.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  6. ^ "U.S. chip firm constructs R&D center in Japan". ComputerWorld. 15 October 1984. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  7. ^ "Applied Materials expands presence in China". Solid State Technology. 18 October 2001. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  8. ^ Pollack, Andrew (18 June 1993). "COMPANY NEWS; Applied Materials Plans Venture with Komatsu". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  9. ^ Lim, Louisa (16 December 2009). "The Green Rush Is On In China". NPR. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  10. ^ "Applied Materials Buys Orbot Instruments, Opal for $285 Mln; Opal chairman Meny Erad: "This is a great day for Israeli high-tech."". Globes. 26 November 1996.
  11. ^ "Applied Materials, Inc. Inc August 2001 Quarterly Report, Form 10-Q, Filing Date August 24, 2001" (PDF). secdatabase.com. Retrieved Dec 26, 2012.
  12. ^ [1]
  13. ^ Nicholson, Chris V. (4 May 2011). "Applied Materials to Buy Varian". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  14. ^ [2]
  15. ^ http://online.wsj.com/articles/applied-materials-and-tokyo-electron-pick-eteris-for-post-merger-name-1404781083
  16. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/28/business/dealbook/makers-of-chip-gear-call-off-10-billion-merger.html?ref=topics&_r=0
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