User:LumaNatic/Freedom colonies
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Freedom colonies are the communities of people targeted by Western colonialism’s racialized human rights abuses[1] resisting and creating the original “safe spaces[2]” to protect themselves from terrorism.[3] An inceptive archetype of #TheResistance, these practices have existed since the very beginnings of Western Colonialism, its mass genocides, and its Atlantic Slave Trade.[4]
The palenques in Colombia, the quilombos and mocambos in Brazil, maroons[5] throughout the Caribbean, Latin America, the Great Dismal Swamp region of North America and Asia, “freedom countries” like Haiti, Liberia, Eritrea and Ethiopia, and the numerous "freedmen settlements[6]" across the North American continent[7], as well as such other communities throughout Africa and Australia exist as testament to the resistance[8] people targeted by white supremacy’s racism[9] immediately practiced.[10]
Over 550[11] of such communities have been identified in the US state of Texas[12] alone[13] by the Texas Freedom Colonies Project[14] of Texas A&M University professor[15] Andrea Roberts'[16] pioneering [17] research.[18] She argues that this practice is far more common than has been previously reported,[19] raising issues of historical accuracy, equity, diversity and neglect in the Western disciplines[20] of urban planning, archeology, anthropology, journalism, education, and preservation. [21]Many of these communities continue to be affected by[22] issues of environmental racism, gentrification and lack of municipal support to this day.[23]
List of "freedom fighters"[edit]
People who escaped Western colonialism and helped to create, develop and sustain freedom colonies.
List of freedom colonies[edit]
Places marked in italics are no longer populated. Places marked with * are absorbed into larger cities.
Africa[edit]
Liberia[edit]
The republic was founded as "a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), who believed black people would face better chances for freedom and prosperity in Africa than in the United States."
Sierra Leone[edit]
Antarctica[edit]
Asia[edit]
India[edit]
Australia[edit]
North America[edit]
Canada[edit]
Cuba[edit]
Haiti[edit]
The republic was founded as the first freedom colony to become its own country in 1804.
Jamaica[edit]
Portland Parish[edit]
Saint Elizabeth Parish[edit]
Saint James Parish[edit]
Saint Mary Parish[edit]
Saint Thomas Parish[edit]
Mexico[edit]
Chihuahua[edit]
Veracruz[edit]
Panama[edit]
Chiriquí[edit]
Panamá[edit]
*[Unknown province]
Puerto Rico[edit]
Pinar del Río Province[edit]
United States[edit]
Alabama[edit]
Arkansas[edit]
California[edit]
Colorado[edit]
Florida[edit]
Georgia[edit]
Illinois[edit]
Kansas[edit]
Kentucky[edit]
Louisiana[edit]
Maine[edit]
Maryland[edit]
Massachusetts[edit]
Michigan[edit]
Mississippi[edit]
Missouri[edit]
Nebraska[edit]
New Hampshire[edit]
New Jersey[edit]
New Mexico[edit]
New York[edit]
North Carolina[edit]
- Beech Bottoms
- Hayti
- James City
- Little California
- Princeville
- Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony
- Sedalia
- Soul City
- Long Ridge[37]
- Rock Hill[38][39]
- Petersburgh[40][41]
- Brooklyn[42]
- Old Shiloh[43][44]
- (New) Shiloh[45]
- Park View
- Pearson Park
Oklahoma[edit]
- Boley
- Bookertee
- Brooksville
- Clearview
- Grayson
- IXL
- Langston
- Lima
- Redbird
- Rentiesville
- Summit
- Taft
- Tatums
- Tullahassee
- Vernon
- Greenwood, Tulsa
Pennsylvannia[edit]
South Carolina[edit]
Tennessee[edit]
Texas[edit]
- Antioch Colony
- Armstrong Colony
- Barrett Station
- Cedar Branch
- Cologne
- Cozy Corner
- Deep Ellum
- Fodice
- Grant's Colony
- Hall's Bluff
- Independence Heights
- Kendleton
- Little Egypt
- Pleasant Hill
- Quakertown
- Riceville[56]
- Saint Johns Colony
- Shankleville
- Tamina, Texas[57]
- Upshaw
Virginia[edit]
South America[edit]
Brazil[edit]
Alagoas[edit]
Colombia[edit]
Bolívar[edit]
French Guiana[edit]
Maripasoula[edit]
- Aluku (aka Boni)
Honduras[edit]
Miskito Kingdom/Mosquito Coast[edit]
Nicaragua[edit]
Miskito Kingdom/Mosquito Coast[edit]
Suriname[edit]
Venezuela[edit]
Lara[edit]
Yaracuy[edit]
References[edit]
Category:Populated places established by African Americans Category:Freedom Colonies
- ^ Inwood, Joshua; Bonds, Anne (2016-03-17). "Confronting White Supremacy and a Militaristic Pedagogy in the U.S. Settler Colonial State". Annals of the American Association of Geographers. 106 (3): 521–529. doi:10.1080/24694452.2016.1145510. ISSN 2469-4452. S2CID 147311914.
- ^ "Here's What's Become Of A Historic All-Black Town In The Mississippi Delta". NPR.org. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ here], [Author meta content (2012). Hosang, Daniel Martinez; Labennett, Oneka; Pulido, Laura (eds.). Indigeneity, Settler Colonialism, White Supremacy - California Scholarship. doi:10.1525/california/9780520273436.001.0001. ISBN 9780520273436.
{{cite book}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ^ KHAREM, HAROON (2006). "Chapter Two: INTERNAL COLONIALISM: WHITE SUPREMACY AND EDUCATION". Counterpoints. 208: 23–47. JSTOR 42980003.
- ^ "Maroon community | social group". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "One man's dream of an all-black settlement came alive in Kansas, if only for a few decades". Timeline. 2017-03-14. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ "Reading List | Homeplace: Planning and African American Communities". Places Journal. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ "When Does It Become Social Justice? Thoughts on Intersectional Preservation Practice - Preservation Leadership Forum - A Program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation". Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ Bates, Lisa K.; Towne, Sharita A.; Jordan, Christopher Paul; Lelliott, Kitso Lynn; Bates, Lisa K.; Towne, Sharita A.; Jordan, Christopher Paul; Lelliott, Kitso Lynn; Johnson, Monique S. (2018-03-15). "Race and Spatial Imaginary: Planning Otherwise/Introduction: What Shakes Loose When We Imagine Otherwise/She Made the Vision True: A Journey Toward Recognition and Belonging/Isha Black or Isha White? Racial Identity and Spatial Development in Warren County, NC/Colonial City Design Lives Here: Questioning Planning Education's Dominant Imaginaries/Say Its Name – Planning Is the White Spatial Imaginary, or Reading McKittrick and Woods as Planning Text/Wakanda! Take the Wheel! Visions of a Black Green City/If I Built the World, Imagine That: Reflecting on World Building Practices in Black Los Angeles/Is Honolulu a Hawaiian Place? Decolonizing Cities and the Redefinition of Spatial Legitimacy/Interpretations & Imaginaries: Toward an Instrumental Black Planning History". Planning Theory & Practice. 19 (2): 254–288. doi:10.1080/14649357.2018.1456816. ISSN 1464-9357.
- ^ "Andrea Roberts: The Homeplace Aesthetic: Principles of Place Preservation in Deep East Texas's Vernacular African American Landscape | Cornell AAP". aap.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ "The Texas Freedom Colonies Project". www.thetexasfreedomcoloniesproject.com. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ Sitton, Thad; Conrad, James H.; Orton, Richard (2005-03-01). Freedom Colonies: Independent Black Texans in the Time of Jim Crow. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292706422.
- ^ "Confronting Urban Design's Diversity Crisis With a Return to Black Places". nextcity.org. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ Roberts, Andrea R. "THE TEXAS FREEDOM COLONIES PROJECT - A Participatory Action, Social Justice Initiative (2016 Version )".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ A, rea Raye RobertsTexas; L, M. University | TAMU · Department of; Architecture, scape; Philosophy, Urban Planning 4 40 · Doctor of. "Andrea Raye Roberts | Doctor of Philosophy | Texas A&M University, Texas | TAMU | Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Archive from Thursday, April 27, 2017 - In the Media - April 2017 Roundup - Office of Alumnae/i Affairs & Development (OAAD) - Vassar College". alums.vassar.edu. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ PhD, Andrea Roberts (2018-02-19). "Our Invisible Wakandas: A Black Planning Scholar's Reflections on Black Panther & Saving Historic…". Medium. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ Roberts, Andrea R. "THE TEXAS FREEDOM COLONIES PROJECT - A Participatory Action, Social Justice Initiative (2016 Version )".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "TEXAS FREEDOM COLONIES PROJECT ATLAS & SURVEY (PORTAL)". www.thetexasfreedomcoloniesproject.com. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ "Critical Sankofa Planning-Mobilizing Texas Freedom Colony Memories | Not That But This". notthatbutthis.com. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ Texas A&M College of Architecture (2018-01-31), Andrea Roberts - 'The Homeplace Aesthetic', retrieved 2018-07-17
- ^ "Black towns, established by freed slaves after the Civil War, are dying out". Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ "Confronting Urban Design's Diversity Crisis With a Return to Black Places". nextcity.org. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ "UNESCO Regional Office for Culture in Latin America and the Caribbean; Places of Memory for the Slave Route in the Latin Caribbean" (PDF). UNESCO.
- ^ "Caribbean Maroons hope tourism can save culture". Caribbean Life. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
- ^ Jamaica, More To. "Brief History of the Maroons". More To Jamaica. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "Abeng Central". Abeng Central. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
- ^ McKee, Helen (2017-06-20). "From violence to alliance: Maroons and white settlers in Jamaica, 1739–1795". Slavery & Abolition. 39 (1): 27–52. doi:10.1080/0144039x.2017.1341016. ISSN 0144-039X. S2CID 149164930.
- ^ Grant, John N. "Jamaican Maroons in Nova Scotia". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
- ^ Limited, Jamaica Observer. "Scott's Hall Maroons looking to develop area as major attraction". Jamaica Observer. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
- ^ Limited, Jamaica Observer. "Scott's Hall Maroons looking to develop area as major attraction". Jamaica Observer. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "The Jamaican Maroons". The National Library of Jamaica.
- ^ "King Bayano: Cimarron Leader of Panama | Black Then". blackthen.com. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "Afro-Panamanian", Wikipedia, 2018-07-27, retrieved 2018-08-06
- ^ "Afro-Panamanian", Wikipedia, 2018-07-27, retrieved 2018-08-06
- ^ Arneil, Barbara (2017). Domestic colonies: the turn inward to colony (Firstition ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192525116.
- ^ "History of African Americans in Buncombe County". The Urban News. 2015-09-12. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "History". Shiloh Community Association. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "At home in Shiloh: Venerable community fights encroachment". Mountain Xpress. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "History". Shiloh Community Association. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "At home in Shiloh: Venerable community fights encroachment". Mountain Xpress. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "History". Shiloh Community Association. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "History". Shiloh Community Association. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "More Than Biltmore | endeavors". endeavors.unc.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "History of Cemetery". South Asheville Cemetery Association. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ October 31, Mary Caton Updated; 2018 (2018-10-31). "Travis traces roots back to Virginia slave plantation | Windsor Star". Retrieved 2019-05-12.
{{cite web}}:|last2=has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "ExplorePAHistory.com - Stories from PA History". explorepahistory.com. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
- ^ "Stoneboro PA.com ~ History". stoneboropa.com. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
- ^ Barksdale-Hall, Roland (2009). African Americans in Mercer County. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9780738565019.
- ^ explorepahistory.com http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-FA. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Liberia : - Liberia, PA (Mercer County) Former Fugitive Slave Town". Black Community Discussion Forum. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
- ^ "Hard Work – Omoluabi News". Retrieved 2019-05-12.
- ^ Janzer, Stacey. "Freedom Road: A Windsor man's journey tracing his ancestors footprints". newsinteractives.cbc.ca. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
- ^ "ACHF Funded Projects - 2019 Round 1". citywindsor.ca. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
- ^ "Windsor man turning family history into art". ca.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
- ^ J., KLEINER, DIANA (2010-06-15). "RICEVILLE, TX". tshaonline.org. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ https://www.motherjones.com/media/2016/06/tamina-texas-photo-marti-corn/
- ^ "Suriname", Wikipedia, 2018-08-01, retrieved 2018-08-05
- ^ Rodriguez, Junius P. (2007). Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313332722.
- ^ Medina, Jameelah Xóchitl (2004-04-16). The Afro-Latin Diaspora: Awakening Ancestral Memory, Avoiding Cultural Amnesia (in German). Author House. ISBN 9781410775986.