User:Ksande15/sandbox

I have decided to add to an already developed article that needs some improvements and additional citations. The article is called Treatments of Cancer. What was already written in the artel was a list of various treatments that have been used and an explanation of each.It also talks briefly on the research and clinical trials of some of the cancers. I will add citations and medical references to this article to ensure its credibility. I will also add another section to the article that talks about the social disparities of cancer treatments. Who has easier access to them? Are there certain communities that have more access than others. Are their different races that have more access?

I will be retrieving my information from the JSTOR database and the PUBMED database. I have already found some articles on this topic through the JSTOR database. I have found articles on the social disparities in breast cancer as well as colorectal cancer. I have also found a few articles on the racial disparities in cancer treatments. I will also use this cite to add additional citations to the article to improve what was already written. This connects to human rights because there are disparities in who gets treated and who has better treatments and this is unfair. It is important to add this section to this article because it covers every thing it is important to realize that not everyone has access and is able to receive the same treatments even though they should and it is their right to have equal access to the same treatment.

4 sources I've found on JStor(journal article)

1) Disparities across the Breast Cancer continuum(journal article) 2) Cancer- Related Disparities (book chapter) 3) A five- year breast cancer-specific survival disadvantage of African American women(journal article) 4) Social disparities across the continuum of colorectal cancer: A Systematic Review (journal article)Race and Sex differences in the Receipt of Timely and Appropriate lung cancer treatment

   This article is about the racial and social disparities on who gets treated for lung cancer. It examines who has access to immediate treatments and who doesn't. This article will help me add to the Treatment of Cancer stub because the two studies examines the appropriate treatments given to patients depending on their stage of cancer. Using their stage of cancer they would then compare who was more likely to receive their appropriate treatment. These disparities is directly related to my topic. 

- Lung cancer is the leading cause of death for men and women. - Tests- 1ST study-Authors found that blacks were less likely to receive chemo than others - 2nd study- examined differences in receiving adequate treatment - Results- Whites were more likely to receive adequate treatment over blacks or hispanics Treatments considered were: surgical, resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. - Those with Stage 1/3 cancer have surgical resection - Those with Stage 3A cancer have chemotherapy and radiation with or without surgical resection - Those with Stage 3B cancer have chemotherapy and radiation without resection; chemotherapy alone - Those with Stage 4 cancer undergo only chemotherapy.

Patients diagnosed with stage 1 Lung Cancer who underwent lung resection had a 10- year advantage over surviving over those who didn't get immediate treatment.

-"the sooner the better" 22,145 patients in the study 43.9% had stage 1 or 2 29.8% had stage 3 26.3% had stage 4 approximately 4 of 5 patients were white:7-9% were black Both women and blacks were led likely to receive treatment in the appropriate time 15.5% difference in timely treatment between blacks and whites The treatment between white and black women is 10.9& and the treatment difference between white and black women is 21.5%

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Outline

The wikipedia entry I'll be contributing to is called the Treatment of Cancer. On the entry is an explanation of different cancers and ways to treat them.

Main points I'll add to the entry are the social and racial disparities of those that receive treatment. what Ive found is that white males are more likely to receive treatment. another point I will add to the entry is why this is so. Why are there certain people that receive treatment and others that don't? Sources: Social disparities in cancer: lessons from a multidisciplinary workshop.

The sources I will be using are; Disparities across the Breast Cancer continuum(journal article), Cancer- Related Disparities (book chapter), A five- year breast cancer-specific survival disadvantage of African American women (journal article), Social disparities across the continuum of colorectal cancer: A Systematic Review (journal article), Race and Sex differences in the Receipt of Timely and Appropriate lung cancer treatment (journal article) . With these articles I will add specific knowledge gathered from my sources.

The Race and Sex differences in the receipt of timely and appropriate lung cancer treatment

---study conducted to analyze who is more likely to get cancer treatment and who is more likely to survive because of their access to cancer treatments

--- Minorities are more likely to suffer from inappropriate treatment, whites are more likely to receive adequate treatment in a timely manner---- because of there failure to get treatment at the appropriate time minorities are less likely to survive the cancer and the whites are more likely to survive

--- Cancer treatments are becoming more expensive which means those who don't have insurance will be less likely to get that treatment

--- This article shows that minorities are more vulnerable to health systems than the majority

---lack of health insurance contributes to the disparities in treatments in cancer

Disparities across the Breast cancer continuum

--- analyzed the disparities of breast cancer victims treatment

---black women are less likely to receive breast conserving surgery and radiation than white women

---They also receive less chemo than white women

Cancer-Related Disparities (specific to Appalachia)

---Disparities in access to care---health insurance coverage, medical expenses, healthcare availability and care centers

--- the distance to cancer centers, disparity

A five-year breast cancer-specific survival disadvantage of African American women

--- assesses the racial and ethnic disparities of breast cancer survivals

---6,951 were analyzed in the study

---African Americans were 3 times more likely to die compared to Asians and two times more likely to die compared to white women

---African Americans are at a survival disadvantage compared to Whites and Asians.

Social disparities across the continuum of colorectal cancer: A Systematic Review

---Found that patients that had the same access to treatment had no disparities in treatment care

--- Those who had less access to treatment, African Americans, received suboptimal treatment compared to whites

---Differences in survival time based on the geographics of patients linked to a different study

Rough Draft

The incidence of concurrent cancer during pregnancy has risen due to the increasing age of pregnant mothers and due to the incidental discovery of maternal tumors during prenatal ultrasound examinations.

Cancer treatment needs to be selected to do least harm to both the woman and her embryo/fetus. In some cases a therapeutic abortion may be recommended.

Radiation therapy is out of the question, and chemotherapy always poses the risk of miscarriage and congenital malformations. Little is known about the effects of medications on the child.

Even if a drug has been tested as not crossing the placenta to reach the child, some cancer forms can harm the placenta and make the drug pass over it anyway. Some forms of skin cancer may even metastasize to the child's body.

Diagnosis is also made more difficult, since computed tomography is infeasible because of its high radiation dose. Still, magnetic resonance imaging works normally. However, contrast mediacannot be used, since they cross the placenta.

As a consequence of the difficulties to properly diagnose and treat cancer during pregnancy, the alternative methods are either to perform a Cesarean section when the child is viable in order to begin a more aggressive cancer treatment, or, if the cancer is malignant enough that the mother is unlikely to be able to wait that long, to perform an abortion in order to treat the cancer.

In utero[edit]

Fetal tumors are sometimes diagnosed while still in utero. Teratoma is the most common type of fetal tumor, and usually is benign. In some cases these are surgically treated while the fetus is still in the uterus.

Treatment of Cancer disparities

I am contributing to the end of the Treatment of Cancer article, to add more information about disparities of cancer treatment. Many studies have been conducted to analyze the disparities in Treatment given to civilians and what ultimately affects them. From these studies I have gathered information that analyzes these disparities. First off, minorities are more likely to suffer from inadequate treatment while whites are more likely to receive adequate treatment. The fact that these treatments are in a timely manner makes it more likely for white people to survive because they have quick access to treatment. It was found in another study, about the treatment disparities of Colorectal cancer, that in addition to African Americans receiving less access to treatment when we did receive treatment it was suboptimal to white treatments. In other words, whites had higher quality treatments than blacks which isn't fair. Everyone should have access to the same high quality treatment. I have also found in a breast cancer study that African American women are less likely to receive surgery and radiation than white women. African Americans are 3 times more likely to die compared to Asians and two times more likely to die compared to white women. According to this study African Americans are at a survival disadvantage compared to other races. From these studies I have many made the conclusion that there are definite disparities in who receives treatment, which leads to the unfortunate disparities in who survives cancer. It is important to recognize these disparities because one race shouldn't have more access to treatment than another race. There shouldn't be any disparities within treatment because everyone deserves to survive. This is why we look at disparities and the possible causes to these disparities. What I've found about the cause of these disparities is that African Americans have less medical care coverage, insurance and cancer centers. This study also mentions that the location of the health care facility is also a factor in the reason why less African Americans receive health care. However some studies say that there are disparities in cancer treatment between the African Americans and whites because African Americans hesitate in trusting doctors and don't seek the help they need. But other studies say that African Americans seek even more treatment than whites and that it is just the resources they are able to access that causes the disparities. It is important to look at many different studies to get the facts from different points of view and gather the evidence to make an educated response. In this case analyzing these studies will identify the treatment disparities and look to prevent them by discovering potential causes of these differences. We can look into the things we can change to decrease these disparities, like making healthcare facilities that are closer to minority communities. We can do whatever is possible to make it easier for African Americans to have adequate and timely access to treatments.

Second Draft of Disparities in Cancer treatment

Cancer is a significant issue that is affecting the world. Specifically in the U.S, it is expected for there to be 1,735,350 new cases of cancer, and 609,640 deaths by the end of 2018. Treatments can prevent these deaths but there are differences in cancer treatments that result in high death rates (awk end of sentence). Minorities are more likely to suffer from inadequate treatment while whites are more likely to receive efficient treatments in a timely manner. Satisfactory treatment in timely manner increases the patients likelihood of survival. Chances of survival are significantly greater for white patients than for African American patients.

In a study analyzing the disparities in the treatment of colorectal cancer, who? also found that African American patients received less satisfactory and poor quality treatment compared to white patients. Everyone should have the same access to high quality treatment. (Watch opinion!)

In a breast cancer study (identify the study), analyzing the disparities of breast cancer treatments, there was similar findings p.v. to those in the colorectal study. African Americans are 3 times more likely to die compared to Asians and two times more likely to die compared to white women. According to this study African Americans are at a survival disadvantage compared to other races.

From these studies you can infer [researchers have noted] that there are definite disparities in treatments of cancer, specifically who has access to the best treatment and receives it in a timely manner. This eventually leads to disparities between who is dying from cancer and who is more likely to survive. It is important to recognize these disparities because one race shouldn't have more access to treatment than another race. (Again, rephrase last and next to avoid opinion) There shouldn't be any disparities within treatment because everyone deserves to survive. This is why we look at disparities and the possible causes to these disparities, to decrease the expected cancer deaths.

The cause of these disparities is generally that African Americans have less medical care coverage, insurance and access cancer centers than others? The location of the health care facility also plays a factor in the reason why less African Americans receive treatments. However, some studies justify these disparities with the belief that African Americans hesitate in trusting doctors and do not always seek the help they need. Other studies suggest that African Americans seek even more treatment than whites and that it is simply a lack of the resources they are able to access. It is important to look at many different studies to get facts from different points of view and gather the evidence to make an educated response to what? [This sentence might be not necessary]. In this case analyzing these studies will identify the treatment disparities and look to prevent them by discovering potential causes of these differences. Either way the statistics come back to one thing that African Americans are receiving unfair treatment which leads to more deaths. Not only is this unfair for the African American communities but it also doesn't help society as a whole.

Good improvements but be sure to indicate where each of these new additions will go on your chosen page! Also, run through edits again, maybe by reading out loud.

Chicago formatting

2. Bigby, Judyann, and Michelle D. Holmes. "Disparities across the Breast Cancer Continuum." Cancer Causes & Control16, no. 1 (2005): 35-44. doi:10.1007/s10552-004-1263-1.

3. Fisher, James L., John M. McLaughlin, Mira L. Katz, Mary Ellen Wewers, Mark B. Dignan, and Electra D. Paskett. "Cancer-Related Disparities." In Appalachian Health and Well-Being, edited by Ludke Robert L. and Obermiller Phillip J., by Couto Richard A., 167-86. University Press of Kentucky, 2012. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jcssn.13.

4.Holmes, Laurens, Franklin Opara, and Jobayer Hossain. "A Five-Year Breast Cancer-Specific Survival Disadvantage of African American Women." African Journal of Reproductive Health / La Revue Africaine De La Santé Reproductive 14, no. 3 (2010): 195-200. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41329740.

5.Palmer, Richard C., and Eric C. Schneider. "Social Disparities across the Continuum of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review." Cancer Causes & Control 16, no. 1 (2005): 55-61. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20069440.

6.SCHNITTKER, JASON, BERNICE A. PESCOSOLIDO, and THOMAS W. CROGHAN. "Are African Americans Really Less Willing to Use Health Care?" Social Problems 52, no. 2 (2005): 255-71. doi:10.1525/sp.2005.52.2.255.

7. Shugarman, Lisa R., Katherine Mack, Melony E. S. Sorbero, Haijun Tian, Arvind K. Jain, J. Scott Ashwood, and Steven M. Asch. "Race and Sex Differences in the Receipt of Timely and Appropriate Lung Cancer Treatment." Medical Care47, no. 7 (2009): 774-81. doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181a393fe.