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Wind power in Indiana

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Wind power in Indiana was limited to a few small water-pumping windmills on farms until 2008 with construction of Indiana's first utility-scale wind power facility, Goodland (phase I) with a nameplate capacity of 130 MW. As of September 2017, Indiana had a total of 18975 MW of wind power capacity installed, ranking it 12th among U.S. states.[1]

The main utility-scale development up to 2016 has been in the northwest part of the state in Benton, White, and Jasper Counties. As of May 2017, Fowler Ridge Wind Farm was completed and has a final nameplate capacity of 750 MW, making it the Midwest's largest wind farm, and one of the largest in the world. There is a continuing trend of wind energy growth in Indiana, with 15 projects currently online, continually increasing the total installed capacity of the state.

Contents

 [hide]

• 1Installed capacity and wind resources
• 2Wind generation
• 3Wind farms
• 4Single-unit turbines
• 5Environmental impact
• 6See also
• 7References

Installed capacity and wind resources[edit]

The following table compares the growth in wind power installed nameplate capacity in MW for Indiana and the entire United States since 2003.[3]

Average annual wind power density map for Indiana at 50m above ground

Year Indiana US 2003 0 6,370 2004 0 6,725 2005 0 9,149 2006 0 11,603 2007 0 16,819 2008 130 25,170 2009 1036 35,159 2010 1238 40,180 2011 1340 46,919 2012 1543 60,007 2013 1544 61,110 2014 1745 65,880 2015 1895 74,471 2016 1895 82,171

Currently, the state of Indiana ranks 12th in installed wind capacity and number of wind turbines with 1,897 MW and 1,096 turbines, respectively. Together, these yield 4.82% of the total in-state electricity production (~4,368,000 MWh or enough to power ~453,000 homes). To put this number into perspective, Indiana consumed 104.514 TWh of electricity in 2015. However, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory predicts wind energy growth in Indiana, stating the wind potential (from turbines with an 80 m hub height) could reach levels upwards of 40,259 MW by 2030. This predicted potential growth is starting to materialize now, with 15 wind projects currently online in the state.

Indiana also has some offshore wind resources in the shallows of Lake Michigan along its shoreline.[7][8][9] However, offshore wind power development is far behind onshore development in the United States generally, because onshore development is cheaper and the United States has an abundance of suitable onshore sites to develop. Indiana has no offshore wind farms as of 2017.

Wind generation[edit]

Indiana wind generation by month.

Indiana Wind Generation (GWh, Million kWh)
Year	Total	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
2012	3,163	416	307	374	386	212	185	113	94	162	324	234	357
2013	3,481	450	276	334	396	303	184	138	92	155	297	449	405
2014	3,495	415	252	323	388	304	190	167	101	158	325	507	366
2015	4,516	411	413	424	425	365	272	176	165	214	517	554	580
2016	4,903	656	572	510	451	403	280	164	148	241	460	477	541
2017	2,676	353	388	459	475	381	355	265

Source:[10][11][12][13]

Wind farms[edit]

[[[Wind power in Indiana|show]]]Map all coordinates using OSM Map all coordinates using Google

The following table of wind farms and utility-scale wind power developments uses data from the AWEA,[3] the State of Indiana,[14] and other sources. For the larger projects constructed in phases, the table lists separate information for each phase. The name of each wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm. The Wind Farm suffix is implied and hence removed for brevity. For more details and references for each wind farm, see its article.

Wind farm	County(s)	Turbine model	Power per turbine (MW)	No. of Turbines	Total Nameplate Capacity (MW)	Online	Developer	Operator	Power purchaser	Coordinates
Benton County phase I	Benton	GE sl/sle Gen4	1.5	87	130.5	2008-04	Orion Energy	Orion Energy	Duke, Vectren	40.686°N 87.408°W
Fowler Ridge phase I Vestas	Benton	Vestas V82	1.65	182	300.3	2009-04	BP, Dominion	BP, Dominion	AEP, Dominion	40.608°N 87.320°W
Fowler Ridge phase I Clipper	Benton	Clipper 2.5	2.5	40	100	2009-04	BP, Dominion	BP, Dominion	AEP, Dominion	40.608°N 87.320°W
Fowler Ridge phase II	Benton	GE sl/sle Gen4	1.5	133	199.5	2009-12	BP, Dominion	BP, Dominion	AEP, Vectren	40.608°N 87.320°W
Headwaters	Randolph	Vestas V110	2	100	200	December 2014	EDP Renewables North America		Indiana Michigan Power
Hoosier	Benton	REpower	2	53	106	2009-08	IPL, enXco	IPL, enXco	IPL	40.6°N 87.32°W
Meadow Lake phase I	White	Vestas V82	1.65	121	199.65	October 2009	Horizon Wind Energy	EDP Renewables North America	AEP, wholesale market	40.601°N 86.865°W
Meadow Lake phase II	White	Acciona	1.5	66	99	June 2010	Horizon Wind Energy	EDP Renewables North America		40.601°N 86.865°W
Meadow Lake phase III	White	GE	1.5	69	103.5	October 2010	Horizon Wind Energy	EDP Renewables North America		40.601°N 86.865°W
Meadow Lake phase IV	White	Suzlon	2.1	47	98.7	October 2010	Horizon Wind Energy	EDP Renewables North America		40.601°N 86.865°W
Prairie Breeze	Tipton		1.6	94	150		Juwi			40.361°N 86.152°W
Union City/Randolph Eastern School Corporation	Randolph	Nordic Windpower	1	2	2	2010-02	Performance Services	Union City, Randolph Eastern School Corporation	AEP	40.201°N 84.815°W
Wildcat phase I	Madison, Tipton	GE	1.6	125	200	2012-10	E.ON	E.ON	AEP	40.352°N 85.882°W
Wildcat phase II	Grant, Howard			40-60	(proposed)		E.ON			40.480°N 85.860°W
Wildcat phase III	Tipton			40-75	(proposed)		E.ON
Wildcat phase IV	Tipton				(proposed)		E.ON

Single-unit turbines[edit]

In addition to the above wind farms, single stand-alone units have also been built in multiple other locations, mostly at schools. Some of these units were placed to test the environment for future wind energy development.[15][16][17] [18]

Location	County	Owner	Wind speed (m/s)	Power (Kw)
Middletown	Henry	Shenandoah School Corporation		900
Carthage	Shelby		7.7 / 99m
Haubstadt	Gibson	South Gibson School Corporation	6.1 / 99m
Kokomo	Howard	Northwestern School Corporation	7.0 / 99m
LaGrange	LaGrange		7.0 / 99m
Upland	Grant	Taylor University
Francesville	Pulaski County	West Central School Corporation	6.9	900

Environmental impact[edit]

According to the USDOE, each 1000 MW of wind power capacity installed in Indiana will annually save 1,684 million gallons of water and eliminate 3.1 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.[19]

For comparison, Indiana emitted a total of 230,830,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2007.[20][21]

As of March 2010 Indiana lacked a renewable energy standard, unlike several other midwestern states: Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri and Iowa.[22]Nevertheless, Indiana's wind power development had outpaced that of Ohio and Michigan.

Government policies and initiatives

The Indiana State government, along with the Federal Government, has put many incentives in place for the use of wind energy. The three main categories of incentives are 1) utility, 2) state, and 3) federal.

Utility

Utility incentives target customers that have their own small wind energy systems (no greater than 1 MW). These incentives consist of 1) Net Metering and 2) Feed in Tariff (FIT) incentives. Net metering allows the utility company to track the energy the wind system produces and customers can then use that energy as a credit on their bills. The FIT program, only adopted by the utility company Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO), pays their customers per kW of energy produced by their wind turbine, opposed to offering a credit. Currently NIPSCO mandates a rate of $0.17/kWh for systems less than or equal to 100 kW and $0.10/kWh for systems 100kW-2MW.

State

State-level incentives consist of the 1) Renewable Energy Property Tax Exemption and 2) Indiana Sales Tax Incentive for Electrical Generating Equipment. The renewable energy exemption states that the assessed value of any wind system installed after December 31, 2011 is eligible for property tax exemption pending the completion of state form 18865. The sales tax incentive states that the equipment used to produce renewable electricity are eligible for a sales tax exemption. The state of Indiana also implemented a voluntary Clean Energy Portfolio Standard (CPS) in May of 2011. The CPS set a goal for the state to have 10% of its electric generation come from clean energy by 2025.

Federal

Federal Incentives include 1) The Rural Energy for America Program (REAP), 2) Business Energy Investment Tax Credit, and 3) Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit. The REAP program provides grants to agricultural producers and rural businesses for projects that yield more energy efficiency and renewable energy. The Business Energy Tax Credit, as of 9/18/2017, is only available to large wind turbines (greater than 100 kW in capacity) and will expire 12/31/2019. The credit is currently at a rate of 24% of invested expenditures with no credit cap. The Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit is similar to the Business Investment credit except only small turbines qualify (cannot exceed 100 kW). As of 9/18/2017, the tax credit is at 30% with no max. This credit will also expire 12/31/2019.

See also[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wind power in Indiana.

• Indiana Energy Production
• Index of Indiana-related articles
• List of U.S. states by carbon dioxide emissions
• List of wind farms in the United States
• Outline of Indiana