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Storms
[edit]32 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 28 became tropical storms. 15 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 1 reached super typhoon strength. Many of the storms either remained at sea or failed to do any damage.
Tropical Storm Nadine
[edit]| Severe tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | January 6 – January 13 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min); 973 hPa (mbar) |
Early in 1978, a tropical disturbance formed north of the island of Tarawa.[1] The disturbance slowly organized itself and became a tropical depression late on January 6 while southwest of Kwajalein Atoll.[1] On January 8, the tropical depression made a sharp curve to the east and then to the west as it organized into the first tropical storm of the season and was named Nadine while the system was southwest of Eniwetok Atoll.[1] Nadine began it's re-curvature on January 11 as it continued to gather strength.[2] Nadine reached it's peak strength of 70 mph (112 km/h) during the afternoon hours of January 12 as it sped past Wake Island.[2][1] Early on January 13, Nadine became extratropical. The extratropical remnants dissipated later that same day as they continued to speed north.[1]
Typhoon Olive (Atang)
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | April 17 – April 26 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 155 km/h (100 mph) (1-min); 955 hPa (mbar) |
During early April 1978, a surface circulation was noted in the near-equatorial-trough.[3]Weak anti-cyclonic outflow was first noted near the surface circulation during the 13th and persisted for the next two days.[3] By April 16, the satellite imagery showed organization and a tropical cyclone formation alert was issued.[3] Early on April 17, the system which was still poorly defined strengthened into the second tropical depression of the season.[3] On the 18th, an aircraft fix found that the system was near tropical storm strength and had a pressure of 1001 mbar (hPa) 29.56 inches).[3] Later that same day, the tropical depression was upgraded to a tropical storm and named Olive.[4] The system continued to strengthen as it traveled westward, toward the Philippines.[3] On April 20, Olive passed through the Leyte Gulf with winds of 70 mph (112 km/h).[3] [4] As Olive crossed the central Philippines, it weakened to have winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) .[3] [4] Upper level outflow remained good and Olive exited the Philippines and emerged into the South China Sea late on the 20th. Olive quickly strengthened in the warm waters of the tropical sea and reached typhoon intensity early on April 22.[4] Olive reached it's peak intensity of 100 mph (160 km/h) on April 23 and retained that intensity for 36 hours.[4] After losing peak strength late on April 24 north of the island of Luzon, Olive rapidly lost strength as it traveled over cooler waters. Olive became extratropical in the cold waters in the Central-West-North Pacific late on April 26.[4] The extratropical cyclone dissipated the next day while southwest of Iwo Jima (Iwo To). Any impact that Olive had on the Philippines is unknown.
Tropical Storm Polly (Bising)
[edit]| Tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | June 14 – June 20 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min); 985 hPa (mbar) |
On June 13, a tropical disturbance formed southwest of Iwo Jima (Iwo To).[1] [5] It quickly organized and early on June 14, the JTWC designated the disturbance as a tropical depression.[1][5] After heading northward for the rest of the day, it reversed its course and began to head southward early on June 15.[5][1] After looping the next day it continued on a northwest course until June 18.[1][5] It then looped again and finally strengthened into a tropical storm and named Polly.[5][1] The storm was now strengthening and heading northward to begin its re-curvature.[5][1] On June 19, just as the storm was nearing the Japanese coast, it reached its peak intensity of 60 mph (95 km/h).[5][1] A slightly weaker storm made landfall on the Japanese island of Kyushu the next day and quickly became extratropical.[5][1] As an extratropical cyclone, it was tracked to near the International Date Line.[6] Any damage from Polly in Japan is unknown.
Tropical Storm Rose (Klaring)
[edit]| Tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | June 22 – June 24 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min); 993 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Shirley (Deling)
[edit]| Tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | June 27 – June 30 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min); 990 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Trix
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | July 12 – July 22 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min); 967 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Virginia
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | July 22 – August 2 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min); 972 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Wendy
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | July 23 – August 3 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min); 962 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Agnes
[edit]| Severe tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | July 24 – July 30 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min); 985 hPa (mbar) |
Agnes formed on July 24, made a complete loop, and struck China on July 29 with winds of 55 mph after peaking at 60 mph.[7] It dissipated the 30th. In Hong Kong Tropical Storm Agnes killed 3 people.[8]
Tropical Storm Bonnie
[edit]| Tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | August 9 – August 12 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min); 984 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Carmen
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | August 10 – August 20 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min); 961 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Della (Heling)
[edit]| Tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | August 10 – August 13 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min); 984 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 14W
[edit]| Tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
| | |
| Duration | August 18 – August 20 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min); 991 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Elaine (Iliang)
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | August 21 – August 28 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min); 970 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Faye
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | August 26 – September 7 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 195 km/h (120 mph) (1-min); 936 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Gloria
[edit]| Tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | August 29 – August 31 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min); 990 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Hester
[edit]| Tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | August 28 – September 1 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min); 987 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Irma (Ruping)
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | September 11 – September 15 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min); 972 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Judy
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | September 11 – September 17 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min); 950 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Kit (Uding)
[edit]| Severe tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | September 21 – September 26 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min); 992 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Lola (Weling)
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | September 24 – October 2 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 140 km/h (85 mph) (1-min); 963 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Mamie
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | September 29 – October 4 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min); 963 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Nina (Yaning)
[edit]| Severe tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | October 7 – October 17 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min); 981 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Ora (Aning)
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | October 9 – October 15 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 155 km/h (100 mph) (1-min); 944 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 26W
[edit]| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | October 10 – October 12 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min); 998 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 27W
[edit]| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
| | |
| Duration | October 15 – October 16 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 35 km/h (25 mph) (1-min); 1003 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Phyllis
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | October 15 – October 22 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 175 km/h (110 mph) (1-min); 953 hPa (mbar) |
Super Typhoon Rita (Kading)
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | October 16 – October 29 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 280 km/h (175 mph) (1-min); 878 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 28 developed October 15. Three and a half days later, it strengthened into a tropical storm. Rita became a typhoon late on October 19. Rita reached Category 5 status on October 23, reaching a minimum central pressure of 878 millibars, only 8 mb higher than Typhoon Tip's record set in 1979. After spending over three consecutive days at that intensity, Rita weakened to a Category 4 and smashed ashore on Luzon. Rita stayed a typhoon during its entire passage over the Philippines and emerged into the South China Sea as a minimal typhoon. Rita then decayed slowly and dissipated as a depression near the coast of Vietnam. The typhoon caused considerable damage and loss of life in the Philippines, though exact numbers are unknown.
JMA Tropical Storm 27
[edit]| Tropical storm (JMA) | |
| | |
| Duration | November 2 – November 3 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min); 992 hPa (mbar) |
This storm was only monitered by JMA.
Tropical Storm Tess
[edit]| Severe tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | November 1 – November 6 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min); 975 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 32W
[edit]| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
| | |
| Duration | November 16 – November 19 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min); 1002 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Viola (Esang)
[edit]| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | November 17 – November 24 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 230 km/h (145 mph) (1-min); 911 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Winnie
[edit]| Severe tropical storm (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
 | |
| Duration | November 27 – November 30 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 100 km/h (65 mph) (1-min); 977 hPa (mbar) |
Winnie formed on November 25. It reached a peak of 65 mph winds before its end on November 30.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Tropical Storms Nadine, Polly, and Rose" (PDF). JTWC. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
- ^ a b "Tropical Storm Nadine Best Track". UNISYS. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Typhoon Olive Report" (PDF). JTWC. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
- ^ a b c d e f "Typhoon Olive Best Track". UNISYS. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Tropical Storm Polly Best Track". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
- ^ "Japan Meteorological Agency Best Track 1976-80". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
- ^ 1978 ATCR TABLE OF CONTENTS
- ^ Historical Information