User:Grandchi/sandbox

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Augmented cognition is an interdisciplinary area of psychology and engineering, attracting researchers from the more traditional fields of human-computer interaction, psychology, ergonomics and neuroscience.[1][2] Augmented cognition research generally focuses on tasks and environments where human-computer interaction and interfaces already exist. Developers, leveraging the tools and findings of neuroscience, aim to develop applications which capture the human user's cognitive state in order to drive real-time computer systems.[3][4] In doing so, these systems are able to provide operational data specifically targeted for the user in a given context.[3] Three major areas of research in the field are: Cognitive State Assessment (CSA), Mitigation Strategies (MS), and Robust Controllers (RC).[4] A subfield of the science, Augmented Social Cognition, endeavours to enhance the "ability of a group of people to remember, think, and reason."[5]

History[edit]

Modern augmented cognition began to emerge in the early 2000s. Advances in cognitive, behavioral, and neurological sciences during the 1990s set the stage for the emerging field of augmented cognition - this period has been termed the "Decade of the Brain."[3] Major advancements in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) have been pivotal in the emergence of augmented cognition technologies which seek to monitor the user's cognitive abilities. As these tools were primarily used in controlled environments, their further development was essential to pragmatic augmented cognition applications.[3]

Research[edit]

DARPA's Augmented Cognition Program[edit]

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has been one of the primary funding agencies for augmented cognition investigators. A major focus of DARPA's augmented cognition program (AugCog) has been developing more robust tools for monitoring cognitive state and integrating them with computer systems. The program envisions "order of magnitude increases in available, net thinking power resulting from linked human-machine dyads [that] will provide such clear informational superiority that few rational individuals or organizations would challenge under the consequences of mortality."[6][7]

The program began in 2001, and has since be renamed to Improving Warfighter Information Intake Under Stress Program.[8] By leveraging such tools, the program seeks to provide warfighters with enhanced cognitive abilities, especially under complex or stressful war conditions.[3] As of 2002, the program vision is divided into four phases:[3]

  • Phase 1: Real-time Cognitive State Detection
  • Phase 2: Real-time Cognitive State Manipulation
  • Phase 3: Autonomous Cognitive State Manipulation
  • Phase 4: Operation Demonstration and Transition

Proof of concept was carried out in two phases: near real time monitoring of the user's cognitive activity, and subsequent manipulation of the user's cognitive state. [7]

Augmented Cognition International (ACI) Society[edit]

The Augmented Cognition International (ACI) Society held its first conference in July 2005.[4] At the society's first conference, attendees from a diverse background including academia, government, and industry came together to create an agenda for future research. The agenda focused on near-, medium-, and long-term research and development goals in key augmented cognition science and technology areas.[4] The International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, where the society first established itself, continues to host the society's activities.[9]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Miller, Christopher A.; Dorneich, Michael C. (2006). "From Associate Systems to Augmented Cognition: 25 Years of User Adaptation in High Criticality Systems". Foundations of Augmented Cognition. 2: 344–353.
  2. ^ Stanney, Kay M.; Schmorrow, Dylan D.; Johnston, Mathew; Fuchs, Sven; Jones, David; Hale, Kelly S.; Ahmad, Ali; Young, Peter (2009). "Augmented cognition: An overview". Reviews of human factors and ergonomics. 5 (1): 195–224. doi:10.1518/155723409X448062.
  3. ^ a b c d e f D. Schmorrow and A. Kruse, “DARPA’s Augmented Cognition Program-tomorrow’s human computer interaction from vision to
    reality: building cognitively aware computational systems,” Human Factors and Power Plants, . . . , pp. 1–4, 2002. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/absall.jsp?arnumber=1042859
  4. ^ a b c d Reeves, Leah M.; Schmorrow, Dylan D.; Stanney, Kay M. (2007). Schmorrow, Dylan D. (ed.). "Augmented Cognition and Cognitive State Assessment Technology – Near-Term, Mid-Term, and Long-Term Research Objectives". Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg: 220–228. ISBN 978-3-540-73215-0. Retrieved 2015-04-18. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ Ed H. Chi. 2009. Augmented social cognition: using social web technology to enhance the ability of groups to remember, think, and reason. In Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data (SIGMOD '09), Carsten Binnig and Benoit Dageville (Eds.). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 973-984. DOI=10.1145/1559845.1559959 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1559845.1559959
  6. ^ Schmorrow, Dylan; McBride, Dennis (June 1, 2004). "Introduction". International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. 17 (2): 127–130. doi:10.1207/s15327590ijhc1702_1. ISSN 1044-7318. Retrieved 2015-04-19.
  7. ^ a b Cummings, M. L. (2010). VIEWS. Ergonomics In Design, 2, 5.
  8. ^ National Research Council (US) Committee on Opportunities in Neuroscience for Future Army Applications. Opportunities in Neuroscience for Future Army Applications. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2009. Appendix D, Research on Managing Information Overload in Soldiers Under Stress. Available from:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207983/
  9. ^ "Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality". HCI International. 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2015.

Further reading[edit]

  • Dylan Schmorrow, Ivy V. Estabrooke, Marc Grootjen: Foundations of Augmented Cognition. Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience, 5th International Conference, FAC 2009 Held as Part of HCI International 2009 San Diego, CA, USA, July 19–24, 2009, Proceedings Springer 2009.
  • Fuchs, Sven, Hale, Kelly S., Axelsson, Par, "Augmented Cognition can increase human performance in the control room," Human Factors and Power Plants and HPRCT 13th Annual Meeting, 2007 IEEE 8th, vol., no., pp. 128–132, 26-31 Aug. 2007

Category:Neuroscience Category:Ergonomics Category:Human–computer interaction Category:Cognition

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