User:GlowBee/Sandbox
Battery Chemistry[edit]
WORKING
The chemistry of classic batteries (Alkaline / Carbon-Zinc) had 1.5 volts, high energy density, low rate of self discharge, and low to moderate surge power rates.
Some chemistries are unsuitable for some applications
For instance a NiMH battery is unsuitable for a remote control because it's high rate of self discharge will deplete it in just a few months.
NiCd batteries are still used extensively in power tools and remote control vehicles, because of their high surge rate, and ability to deep discharge.
The terminal voltage of a battery depends on the chemicals it uses. For example, primary (non-rechargable) alkaline batteries have a nominal voltage of 1.5 Volts representing one individual electrochemical cell. Rechargeable NiCd (Nickel Cadmium) and NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride) typically output 1.25 Volts per cell. Devices intended for use with pirmary batteries may not operate properly with these cells, given the 16% reduction in voltage.
The battery designation in some cases also identifies the not only the size, shape and terminal layout of the battery but also the voltage and chemistry. For example, a CR123 battery is always LiMnO2 ('Lithium') chemistry, in addition to its unique size.
The follow tables give the common battery chemistries for the current common sizes of batteries. See Battery Chemistries for a list.
Older batteries were mostly based on primary (non-rechargable) alkaline chemistries, with a nominal voltage of 1.5 Volts representing one individual electrochemical cell. Rechargeable NiCd (Nickel Cadmium) and NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride) have strained the older naming conventions because both typically output 1.25 Volts per cell. Some devices may not operate properly with these cells, given the 16% reduction in voltage, but most modern devices handle them well.
New common, but specialized, batteries have also altered older naming conventions by refering not only to the size, shape and terminal layout of the battery but also the voltage and chemistry. For example, a CR123 battery is always LiMnO2 ('Lithium') chemistry, in addition to it's unique size.
The follow tables give the common battery chemistries for the current common 'sizes' of batteries. See Battery Chemistries for a more obscure and complete list.
| Name | Type | Volts | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaline (Zinc Manganese Dioxide) |
Primary | 1.50 | The most common type of battery |
| Carbon–Zinc (Carbon Zinc Chloride) |
Primary | 1.50 | Inexpensive Often called "General Purpose" or "Heavy Duty" |
| Lithium LiFeS2 (Lithium Iron DiSulfide) |
Primary | 1.50 | Expensive Often called "Plus" or "Extra" |
| Lithium LiMn02 (Lithium Manganese DiOxide) |
Primary | 3.00 | Expensive Often used in high drain devices like cameras "Lithium" alone refers to this type |
| Silver-Oxide AgO |
Primary | 1.55 | Very Expensive Only used commercially in button cells |
| NiCd (Nickel Cadmium) |
Secondary | 1.20 | Inexpensive Suitable for high drain devices Moderate/Low Energy Density Moderate rate of self discharge Rare in Europe because of heavy metal concerns |
| NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride) |
Secondary | 1.20 | Inexpensive Not suitable for high drain devices Moderate/High energy density High rate of self discharge |
| Li-Ion | Secondary | 3.70 | Very expensive Very high energy density Low rate of self discharge Not usually available in "common" battery sizes (but see RCR-V3 for a counter-example) Very common in laptop computers, moderate to high-end digital cameras, camcorders, and cellphones |
Table (3 Rows)[edit]
| Most Common Name |
Other Names |
Nominal Voltage (Volts) |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| IEC Name |
Capacity (mAh) | ||
| ANSI / NEDA Name |
Shape Dimensions Layout | ||
| AAA | Micro Microlight Type 286 |
1.5 (Alkaline) 1.5 (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) 1.2 (NiCd) 1.2 (NiMH) |
|
| LR03 (Alkaline) R03 (C-Zn) FR03 (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) ? (NiMH) |
1200 (Alkaline) 540 (C-Zn) ? (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) 800–1000 (NiMH) | ||
| 24A (Alkaline) 24D (C-Zn) 24LF (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) ? (NiMH) |
Cylinder L 44.5 mm D 10.5 mm + Nub Cylinder End - Flat Opposite End | ||
Table Template (3 Rows)[edit]
| colspan = "4" | |- | rowspan = "3" | | | | rowspan = "3" | |- | | |- | | |-
Table (2 Rows)[edit]
| Most Common Name |
Other Names |
IEC Name |
Capacity (mAh) |
Shape / Dimensions |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANSI / NEDA Name |
Nominal Voltage (Volts) |
Terminal Layout | |||
| AAA | Micro Microlight Type 286 |
LR03 (Alkaline) R03 (C-Zn) FR03 (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) ? (NiMH) |
1200 (Alkaline) 540 (C-Zn) ? (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) 800–1000 (NiMH) |
Cylinder L 44.5 mm D 10.5 mm |
|
| 24A (Alkaline) 24D (Carbon–Zinc) 24LF (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) ? (NiMH) |
1.5 (Alkaline) 1.5 (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) 1.2 (NiCd) 1.2 (NiMH) |
+ Nub Cylinder End - Flat Opposite End | |||
| AA | Penlight Mignon Type 316 |
LR6 (Alkaline) R6 (C–Zn) FR6 (LiFeS2) KR157/51 (NiCd) HR6 (NiMH) |
2700 (Alkaline) 1100 (C–Zn) 3000 (LiFeS2) 600–1000 (NiCd) 1700–2900 (NiMH) |
Cylinder L 50.5 mm D 14.5 mm |
|
| 15A (Alkaline) 15D (C–Zn) 15LF (LiFeS2) 10015 (NiCd) 1.2H2 (NiMH) |
1.5 (Alkaline) 1.5 (C–Zn) 1.5 (LiFeS2) 1.2 (NiCd) 1.2 (NiMH) |
+ Nub Cylinder End - Flat Opposite End | |||
| C | Type 343 | LR14 (Alkaline) R14 (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) KR27/50 (NiCd) ? (NiMH) |
8000 (Alkaline) 3800 (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) 4500–6000 (NiMH) |
Cylinder L 50.5 mm D 26.2 mm |
|
| 14A (Alkaline) 14D (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) ? (NiMH) |
1.5 (Alkaline) 1.5 (C–Zn) 1.5 (LiFeS2) 1.2 (NiCd) 1.2 (NiMH) |
+ Nub Cylinder End - Flat Opposite End | |||
| D | Flashlight- Mono Type 373 |
LR20 (Alkaline) R20 (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) ? (NiMH) |
12000 (Alkaline) 8000 (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) 12000 (NiMH) |
Cylinder L 61.5 mm D 34.2 mm |
|
| 13A (Alkaline) 13D (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) ? (NiMH) |
1.5 (Alkaline) 1.5 (C–Zn) 1.5 (LiFeS2) 1.2 (NiCd) 1.2 (NiMH) |
+ Nub Cylinder End - Flat Opposite End | |||
| 9-Volt | PP3 Radio- Square- Krona |
6LR61 (Alkaline) 6F22 (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) 1200 (Lithium) 6KR61 (NiCd) ? (NiMH) ? (Li-Ion) ? (Li-Poly) |
565 (Alkaline) 400 (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) ? (Lithium) 120 (NiCd) 175 (NiMH) ? (Li-Ion) 500 (Li-Poly) |
Rectangular H 48.5 mm L 26.5 mm W 17.5 mm |
|
| 1604A (Alkaline) 1604D (C–Zn) 1604LC (LiFeS2) ? (Lithium) 11604 (NiCd) 7.2H5 (NiMH) ? (Li-Ion) ? (Li-Poly) |
9 (Alkaline) 9 (C–Zn) 9 (LiFeS2) ? (Lithium) 7.2-8.4 (NiCd) 7.2-8.4 (NiMH) ? (Li-Ion) ? (Li-Poly) |
Both Small End + Male Clasp - Female Clasp | |||
| Lantern | 6-Volt Spring Top 996 PJ996 |
4R25Y (Alkaline) 4R25 (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) ? (NiMH) |
26000 (Alkaline) 10500 (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) ? (NiMH) |
Square H 115 mm L 68.2 mm W 68.2 mm |
Older devices used a similar battery (see below) with screws on top for use with ring terminated wires. Springs on this newer version can hold ring terminated wires in low vibration environments. |
| 908A (Alkaline) 908D (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) ? (NiMH) |
6 (Alkaline) 6 (C–Zn) ? (LiFeS2) ? (NiCd) ? (NiMH) |
Springs Top + Corner - Center | |||
TABLE TEMPLATE (2 Rows)[edit]
| colspan = "6" | |- | rowspan = "2" | <!--- NAME ---> | rowspan = "2" | <!--- OTHER_NAMES ---> | <!--- IEC_NAME ---> | <!--- CAPACITY ---> | <!--- SHAPE / SIZE ---> | rowspan = "2" | <!--- COMMENTS ---> |- | <!--- ANSI_NAME---> | <!--- VOLTAGE ---> | <!--- LAYOUT ---> |-
Chemistries[edit]
(Alkaline)
(Carbon–Zinc)
(LiFeS2)
(Lithium)
(Silver-Oxide)
(NiCd)
(NiMH)
(Li-Ion)
(Li-Poly)