User:Flowergirl61/sandbox
History
[edit]Black Star was formed in December of 1935.[1] The three founders were Kurt Safranski, Ernest Mayer and Kurt Kornfeld. In 1964, the company was sold to Howard Chapnick.[2]
Influences on Modern American Photojournalism
[edit]The three founders; Safranski, Mayer and Kornfeld came from Berlin to the United States in the mid 1930s to escape the Nazi regime. They brought with them a wealth of knowledge and some new ideas for the American press.[3]
Safranski was a graphic designer and editor for the Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung (BIZ), which was part of the Ullstein publishing house. During the early 1930's, Ullstein Verlag was Germany's largest publisher of books, newspapers and magazines. BIZ's circulation was over 1 million. While an editor at BIZ, Safranski was using two or more photos placed together to create a story which surpassed the need for text. Not only was this visually appealing, but it attracted more readers as well.[4]
This drew the attention of the top American mass media publishers. William Randolf Hearst, a powerful media mogul of the day, was intrigued by the European advances in photography and printing. Hearst invited Safranski over to the United States to produce a dummy magazine using photos to tell the stories. Hearst liked the proposed idea but initially didn't move forward on it.[5] Mayer then brought to idea to Henry Luce, the largest publisher of the day, with periodicals such as Time and Fortune. Luce collaborated with Black Star to produce a new weekly magazine called Life. Life would use artistic photos in a new format. These photos would be large and take up the majority of the page. These pictures could capture not only a moment in time, but an emotion and story that would be paramount to the text. Prior to this, photojournalism in the U.S. was relegated to regional newspapers where text was more important than photos. Photos would sometimes be staged or posed or re-created to help a news article. But this all changed with the advent of the 35mm camera. The Leica, which was developed in Germany in 1925, was a small and easier to use camera. Advances in half-tone printing made using photographs in periodicals easier.[6] Safranski and Mayer were already familiar with photographers who used this new technology to capture more candid moments.
Mayer owned the publishing company and photo agency, Mauritius, in Berlin. Forced by the Nazis to sell his business, he brought negatives, and connections to European photographers with him to the United States. The contacts included the notable photographers Dr. Paul Wolff and Fritz Goro. These contacts with European based photographers, and the photographic negatives he brought with him, became the foundation for the new business.[7]
Kornfeld was a literary agent back in his native Germany where he had a talent for bringing together authors and editors. Originally the idea for the company was to be a publishing house and a photo agency just like Mayer's Mauritius. However, the publishing business never took off and more profit was to be found in selling photos. Even though he had no experience with photography, Kornfeld became Black Star's best picture agent. He had a talent for creating rapport between client and artist. Therefore Kornfeld handled their most important client: Life.
Although Life was the agency's most high-profile client, it also served other periodicals, newspapers, advertisers and publishers. It's incredible stock of iconic photography presents a pictorial history of the Twentieth Century beginning in the 1930s.[8] This archive was anonymously donated to Ryerson University in 2005.[9]
- ^ Torosian, Michael (2013). Black Star : the Ryerson University historical print collection of the Black Star Publishing Company : portfolio selection and chronicle of a New York photo agency. Toronto: Lumiere Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-921542-18-6.
- ^ "Howard Chapnick, 74, Photo Agency Chief". New York Times. May 29, 1996. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- ^ Smith, C. Zoe (2013). History of the Mass Media in the United States an Encyclopedia. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 62. ISBN 1135917426.
- ^ Chapnick, Howard (1994). Truth Needs No Ally. University of Missouri Press. p. 115. ISBN 0826209556.
- ^ Pizzitola, Louis (2002). Hearst Over Hollywood: Power, Passion, and Propaganda in the Movies. Columbia University Press. p. 306. ISBN 0231116462.
- ^ Collins, Ross. "A Brief History of Photography and Photojournalism". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- ^ Torosian, Michael (2013). Black Star : the Ryerson University historical print collection of the Black Star Publishing Company : portfolio selection and chronicle of a New York photo agency. Toronto: Lumiere Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-921542-18-6.
- ^ Carlebach, Michael (2005). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. New York: Routledge. p. 62. ISBN 1579583938.
- ^ Torosian, Michael (2013). Black Star : the Ryerson University historical print collection of the Black Star Publishing Company : portfolio selection and chronicle of a New York photo agency. Toronto: Lumiere Press. ISBN 978-0-921542-18-6.