User:Deus et lex/Sandbox/HCA

Colour key:
Chief Justice • Seat 1 • Seat 2 • Seat 3 • Seat 4 • Seat 5 • Seat 6 • Seat 7 • Minister to Japan • International Military Tribunal for the Far East

Justice			Term start and end^[1]		Days in office		Replaced	Prime Minister at time of appointment	Prior position	Ref.
No.	Name (lived)	State	Overall term	Term as Chief Justice	Overall term	Term as Chief Justice	Replaced	Prime Minister at time of appointment	Prior position	Ref.
1	Sir Samuel Griffith (1845–1920)	Queensland	5 Oct 1903 – 17 Oct 1919	5 Oct 1903 – 17 Oct 1919	16 years, 12 days	16 years, 12 days	Inaugural	Deakin	Chief Justice of Queensland	^[2]^[3]
2	Sir Edmund Barton (1849–1920)	New South Wales	5 Oct 1903 – 7 Jan 1920	—	16 years, 94 days	0 days—	Inaugural	Deakin	Prime Minister of Australia & Member of Parliament for Hunter	^[4]^[5]
3	Richard O'Connor (1851–1912)	New South Wales	5 Oct 1903 – 18 Nov 1912^[†]	—	9 years, 44 days	0 days—	Inaugural	Deakin	Vice-President of the Executive Council& Senator for New South Wales	^[6]^[7]
4	Sir Isaac Isaacs (1855–1948)	Victoria	12 Oct 1906 – 21 Jan 1931^[♦]	2 Apr 1930 – 21 Jan 1931^[♦]	24 years, 101 days	294 days	New position (as justice); Knox (as chief justice)	Deakin (as justice); Scullin (as chief justice)	Attorney General of Australia & Member of Parliament for Indi	^[8]^[9]
5	Henry Bournes Higgins (1851–1929)	Victoria	13 Oct 1906 – 13 Jan 1929^[†]	—	22 years, 92 days	0 days—	New position	Deakin	Member of Parliament for Northern Melbourne	^[10]^[11]
6	Sir Frank Gavan Duffy (1852–1936)	Victoria	1 Feb 1913 – 1 Oct 1935	22 Jan 1931 – 1 Oct 1935	22 years, 242 days	4 years, 252 days	O'Connor (as justice); Isaacs (as chief justice)	Fisher (as justice); Scullin (as chief justice)	King's Counsel, Victorian Bar	^[12]^[13]
7	Sir Charles Powers (1853–1939)	Queensland	5 Mar 1913 – 22 Jul 1929	—	16 years, 139 days	0 days—	New position	Fisher	Commonwealth Crown Solicitor	^[14]^[15]
8	Albert Piddington (1862–1945)^[A]	New South Wales	6 Mar 1913 – 5 Apr 1913	—	30 days	0 days—	New position	Fisher	King's Counsel, New South Wales Bar	^[16]^[17]
9	Sir George Rich (1863–1956)	New South Wales	5 Apr, 1913 – 3 May, 1950	—	37 years, 28 days	0 days—	Piddington	Fisher	Judge, Supreme Court of New South Wales	^[18]^[19]
10	Sir Adrian Knox (1863–1932)	New South Wales	18 Oct 1919 – 2 Apr 1930	18 Oct 1919 – 2 Apr 1930	10 years, 166 days	10 years, 166 days	Griffith	Hughes	King's Counsel, New South Wales Bar	^[20]^[21]
11	Sir Hayden Starke (1871–1958)	Victoria	5 Feb 1920 – 31 Jan 1950	—	29 years, 360 days	0 days—	Barton	Hughes	Barrister, Victorian Bar	^[22]^[23]
12	Sir Owen Dixon (1886–1972)	Victoria	4 Feb 1929 – 13 Apr 1964	18 Apr 1952 – 13 Apr 1964	35 years, 69 days	11 years, 361 days	Higgins (as justice); Latham (as chief justice)	Bruce (as justice); Menzies (as chief justice)	King's Counsel, Victorian Bar	^[24]^[25]
13	Herbert Vere Evatt (1894–1965)	New South Wales	19 Dec 1930 – 15 Oct 1940	—	9 years, 301 days	0 days—	Powers	Scullin	Member of Parliament (NSW) for Balmain	^[26]^[27]
14	Sir Edward McTiernan (1892–1990)	New South Wales	20 Dec 1930 – 12 Sept 1976	—	45 years, 267 days	0 days—	Knox	Scullin	Member of Parliament for Parkes	^[28]^[29]
15	Sir John Latham (1877–1964)	Victoria	11 Oct 1935 – 7 Apr 1952^[B]	11 Oct 1935 – 7 Apr 1952^[B]	16 years, 179 days^[B]	16 years, 179 days^[B]	Gavan Duffy	Lyons	Attorney General of Australia, Minister for External Affairs & Member of Parliament for Kooyong
16	Sir Dudley Williams (1889–1963)	New South Wales	15 Oct 1940 – 31 Jul 1958	—	17 years, 289 days	0 days—	Evatt	Menzies	Judge, Supreme Court of New South Wales
17	Sir William Webb (1887–1972)	Queensland	16 May 1946^[C] – 16 May 1958	—	12 years, 0 days^[C]	0 days—	New position (vacant since retirement of Isaacs)	Menzies	Chief Justice of Queensland
18	Sir Wilfred Fullagar (1892–1961)	Victoria	8 Feb 1950 – 9 Jul 1961^[†]	—	11 years, 151 days	0 days—	Starke	Menzies	Judge, Supreme Court of Victoria
19	Sir Frank Kitto (1833–1915)	New South Wales	10 May 1950 – 1 Aug 1970	—	20 years, 83 days	0 days—	Rich	Menzies	King's Counsel, New South Wales Bar
20	Sir Alan Taylor (1901–1969)	New South Wales	3 Sep 1952 – 3 Aug 1969^[†]	—	16 years, 334 days	0 days—	Latham	Menzies	Judge, Supreme Court of New South Wales
21	Sir Douglas Menzies (1907–1974)	Victoria	12 Jun 1958 – 19 Nov 1964^[†]	—	16 years, 160 days	0 days—	Webb	Menzies	Queen's Counsel, Victorian Bar
22	Sir Victor Windeyer (1900–1987)	New South Wales	8 Sep 1958 – 29 Feb 1972	—	13 years, 174 days	0 days—	Williams	Menzies	Queen's Counsel, New South Wales Bar
23	Sir William Owen (1899–1972)	New South Wales	22 Sep 1961 – 31 Mar 1972^[†]	—	10 years, 191 days	0 days—	Fullagar	Menzies	Judge, Supreme Court of New South Wales
24	Sir Garfield Barwick (1903–1997)	New South Wales	27 Apr 1964 – 11 Feb 1981	27 Apr 1964 – 11 Feb 1981	16 years, 290 days	16 years, 290 days	Dixon	Menzies	Attorney General of Australia, Minister for External Affairs & Member of Parliament for Parramatta
25	Sir Cyril Walsh (1909–1973)	New South Wales	20 Sep 1969 – 29 Nov 1973^[†]	—	4 years, 70 days	0 days—	Taylor	Gorton	Judge, New South Wales Court of Appeal
26	Sir Harry Gibbs (1917–2005)	Queensland	4 Aug 1970 – 5 Feb 1987	12 Feb 1981 – 5 Feb 1987	16 years, 185 days	5 years, 358 days	Kitto (as justice); Barwick (as chief justice)	Gorton (as justice); Fraser (as chief justice)	Judge, Federal Court of Bankruptcy
27	Sir Ninian Stephen (1923–2017)	Victoria	1 Mar 1972 – 11 May 1982^[♦]	—	10 years, 71 days	0 days—	Windeyer	McMahon	Judge, Supreme Court of Victoria
28	Sir Anthony Mason (born 1925)	New South Wales	7 Aug 1972 – 20 Apr 1995	6 Feb 1987 – 20 Apr 1995	22 years, 256 days	8 years, 73 days	Owen (as justice); Gibbs (as chief justice)	McMahon (as justice); Hawke (as chief justice)	Judge, New South Wales Court of Appeal
29	Sir Kenneth Jacobs (1917–2015)	New South Wales	8 Feb 1974 – 6 Apr 1979	—	5 years, 57 days	0 days—	Walsh	Whitlam	President, New South Wales Court of Appeal
30	Lionel Murphy (1922–1986)	New South Wales	10 Feb 1975 – 21 Oct 1986^[†]	—	11 years, 253 days	0 days—	Menzies	Whitlam	Attorney General of Australia, Senator for New South Wales
31	Sir Keith Aickin (1916–1982)	Victoria	20 Sep 1976 – 18 Jun 1982^[†]	—	5 years, 271 days	0 days—	McTiernan	Fraser	Queen's Counsel, Victorian Bar
32	Sir Ronald Wilson (1922–2005)	Western Australia	19 May 1979 – 13 Feb 1989	—	9 years, 270 days	0 days—	Jacobs	Fraser	Solicitor-General of Western Australia Queen's Counsel, Western Australian Bar
33	Sir Gerard Brennan (1928–2022)	Queensland	12 Feb 1981 – 21 May 1998	21 Apr 1995 – 21 May 1998	17 years, 98 days	3 years, 30 days	Barwick (as justice); Mason (as chief justice)	Fraser (as justice); Keating (as chief justice)	Judge, Federal Court of Australia
34	Sir William Deane (born 1931)	New South Wales	27 Jul 1982 – 10 Nov 1995^[♦]	—	13 years, 106 days	0 days—	Stephen	Fraser	Judge, Federal Court of Australia
35	Sir Daryl Dawson (born 1933)	Victoria	16 Aug 1982 – 15 Aug 1997	—	14 years, 364 days	0 days—	Aickin	Fraser	Solicitor-General of Victoria Queen's Counsel, Victorian Bar
36	John Toohey (1930–2015)	Western Australia	6 Feb 1987 – 2 Feb 1998	—	10 years, 361 days	0 days—	Murphy	Hawke	Judge, Federal Court of Australia
37	Mary Gaudron (born 1943)	New South Wales	6 Feb 1987 – 10 Feb 2003	—	16 years, 4 days	0 days—	Gibbs	Hawke	Solicitor General for New South Wales Queen's Counsel, New South Wales Bar
38	Michael McHugh (born 1935)	New South Wales	14 Feb 1989 – 31 Oct 2005	—	16 years, 259 days	0 days—	Wilson	Hawke	Judge, New South Wales Court of Appeal
39	William Gummow (born 1942)	New South Wales	21 Apr 1995 – 8 Oct 2012	—	17 years, 170 days	0 days—	Mason	Keating	Judge, Federal Court of Australia
40	Michael Kirby (born 1939)	New South Wales	6 Feb 1996 – 2 Feb 2009	—	12 years, 362 days	0 days—	Deane	Keating	President, New South Wales Court of Appeal
41	Kenneth Hayne (born 1945)	Victoria	22 Sep 1997 – 4 Jun 2015	—	17 years, 255 days	0 days—	Dawson	Howard	Judge, Victorian Court of Appeal
42	Ian Callinan (born 1937)	Queensland	3 Feb 1998 – 31 Aug 2007	—	9 years, 209 days	0 days—	Toohey	Howard	Queen's Counsel, Queensland Bar
43	Murray Gleeson (born 1938)	New South Wales	22 May 1998 – 29 Aug 2008	22 May 1998 – 29 Aug 2008	10 years, 99 days	10 years, 99 days	Brennan	Howard	Chief Justice of New South Wales
44	John Dyson Heydon (born 1943)	New South Wales	10 Feb 2003 – 28 Feb 2013	—	10 years, 18 days	0 days—	Gaudron	Howard	Judge, New South Wales Court of Appeal
45	Susan Crennan (born 1945)	Victoria	8 Nov 2005 – 2 Feb 2015	—	9 years, 86 days	0 days—	McHugh	Howard	Judge, Federal Court of Australia
46	Susan Kiefel (born 1954)^[D]	Queensland	3 Sep 2007 – present	30 Jan 2017 – present	17 years, 61 days^[E]	7 years, 278 days^[E]	Callinan (as justice); French (as chief justice)	Howard (as justice); Turnbull (as chief justice)	Judge, Federal Court of Australia
47	Robert French (born 1947)	Western Australia	1 Sep 2008 – 29 Jan 2017	1 Sep 2008 – 29 Jan 2017	8 years, 150 days	8 years, 150 days	Gleeson	Rudd	Judge, Federal Court of Australia
48	Virginia Bell (born 1951)	New South Wales	3 Feb 2009 – 28 Feb 2021	—	12 years, 25 days	0 days—	Kirby	Rudd	Judge, New South Wales Court of Appeal
49	Stephen Gageler (born 1958)^[F]	New South Wales	9 Oct 2012 – present	—	12 years, 25 days^[E]	0 days—	Gummow	Gillard	Solicitor-General of Australia Senior Counsel, New South Wales Bar
50	Patrick Keane (born 1952)	Queensland	1 Mar 2013 – 16 Oct 2022	—	9 years, 229 days	0 days—	Heydon	Gillard	Chief Justice, Federal Court of Australia Judge, Queensland Court of Appeal
51	Geoffrey Nettle (born 1950)	Victoria	3 Feb 2015 – 30 Nov 2020	—	5 years, 301 days	0 days—	Crennan	Abbott	Judge, Victorian Court of Appeal
52	Michelle Gordon (born 1964)^[G]	Victoria	9 Jun 2015 – present	—	9 years, 147 days^[E]	0 days—	Hayne	Abbott	Judge, Federal Court of Australia
53	James Edelman (born 1974)^[H]	Western Australia	30 Jan 2017 – present	—	7 years, 278 days^[E]	0 days—	French	Turnbull	Judge, Federal Court of Australia
54	Simon Steward (born 1969)^[I]	Victoria	1 Dec 2020 – present	—	3 years, 338 days^[E]	0 days—	Nettle	Morrison	Judge, Federal Court of Australia
55	Jacqueline Gleeson (born 1966)^[J]	New South Wales	1 Mar 2021 – present	—	3 years, 242 days^[E]	0 days—	Bell	Morrison	Judge, Federal Court of Australia
56	Jayne Jagot (born 1965)^[K]	New South Wales	17 Oct 2022 – present	—	2 years, 17 days^[E]	0 days—	Keane	Albanese	Judge, Federal Court of Australia Judge, Land and Environment Court of New South Wales
No.	Name (lived)	State	Overall term	Term as Chief Justice	Overall term	Term as Chief Justice	Replaced	Prime Minister at time of appointment	Prior position	Ref.
Justice			Term start and end		Days in office		Replaced	Prime Minister at time of appointment	Prior position	Ref.

^† Died in office
^♦ Resigned to become Governor-General of Australia

^ Piddington resigned before sitting on the High Court.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Latham took leave from the High Court between 12 November 1940 and 31 December 1941^[30] (a period of 1 year, 49 days) to serve as Minister to Japan. Excluding his period of leave his total service on the High Court (as Justice and as Chief Justice) was 15 years, 130 days.
^ ^a ^b Webb was appointed on 16 May 1946 as President of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East with the status of a High Court judge. He returned to Australia in late 1948 and only sat on the High Court for the first time on 22 February 1949.^[31] The period between his appointment and his first sitting was 2 years, 282 days. Excluding his period of service in Japan, Webb's total service on the High Court was 9 years, 83 days.
^ Age 70, mandatory retirement date: 17 Jan 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h As of 3 November 2024
^ Age 66, mandatory retirement date: 5 July 2028.
^ Age 59, mandatory retirement date: 19 November 2034.
^ Age 50, mandatory retirement date: 9 January 2044.
^ Age 55, mandatory retirement date: 9 January 2039.
^ Age 58, mandatory retirement date: 6 March 2036.
^ Age 58–59, mandatory retirement date: 2035.

Citations

^ Williams, George; Brennan, Sean; Lynch, Andrew, eds. (2018). "Appendix 5: Justices of the High Court of Australia". Blackshield and Williams Australian constitutional law and theory : commentary and materials (7th ed.). Leichhardt: The Federation Press. pp. 1460–1464. ISBN 9781760021511.
^ Joyce, R. B. (1983). "Griffith, Sir Samuel Walker (1845–1920)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 13–20.
^ Rutledge, Martha (1979). "Barton, Sir Edmund (Toby) (1849–1920)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 21–29.
^ Rutledge, Martha (1988). "O'Connor, Richard Edward (Dick) (1851–1912)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University,. Retrieved 25 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 30–35.
^ Cowan, Zelman (1983). "Isaacs, Sir Isaac Alfred (1855–1948)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 37–39, 40–50.
^ Rickard, John (1983). "Higgins, Henry Bournes (1851–1929)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 37–39, 51–58.
^ Finlay, H. A. (1981). "Duffy, Sir Frank Gavan (1852–1936)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 62–68.
^ Forster, Colin (1988). "Powers, Sir Charles (1853–1939)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 69–76.
^ Roe, Michael (1988). "Piddington, Albert Bathurst (1862–1945)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 77–83.
^ Merralls, J. D. (1988). "Rich, Sir George Edward (1863–1956)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 84–90.
^ Rutledge, Martha (1983). "Knox, Sir Adrian (1863–1932)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 91–98.
^ Merralls, J. D. (1990). "Starke, Sir Hayden Erskine (1871–1958)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 99–107.
^ Anderson, Grant; Dawson, Darryl (1996). "Dixon, Sir Owen (1886–1972)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 111–122.
^ Bolton, G.C. (1996). "Evatt, Herbert Vere (Bert) (1894–1965)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
^ Fricke 1986, pp. 123–133.
^ Williams, John M.; Wheeler, Fiona (2012). "McTiernan, Sir Edward Aloysius (Eddie) (1892–1990)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
^ Kirby, Michael (1991). "Sir Edward McTiernan - A Centenary Reflection" (PDF). Federal Law Review. 20 (2): 165. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
^ Evatt, H. V. (31 December 1941). "Termination of the Period of Leave of Abence Granted to the Right Honorable Sir John Latham, G.C.M.G., Chief Justice of the High Court". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette (National: 1901–1973) (Issue No. 279): 2967. Retrieved 19 January 2020. {{cite journal}}: |issue= has extra text (help)
^ "High Court, now". The Courier-Mail. 23 February 1949. p. 3. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

Bibliography

Fricke, Graham (1986), Judges of the High Court, Hawthorn: Hutchinson of Australia, ISBN 0091571502

[16] Piddington resigned before sitting on the High Court.

[Latham-32] Latham took leave from the High Court between 12 November 1940 and 31 December 1941^[30] (a period of 1 year, 49 days) to serve as Minister to Japan. Excluding his period of leave his total service on the High Court (as Justice and as Chief Justice) was 15 years, 130 days.

[Webb-34] Webb was appointed on 16 May 1946 as President of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East with the status of a High Court judge. He returned to Australia in late 1948 and only sat on the High Court for the first time on 22 February 1949.^[31] The period between his appointment and his first sitting was 2 years, 282 days. Excluding his period of service in Japan, Webb's total service on the High Court was 9 years, 83 days.

[35] Age 70, mandatory retirement date: 17 Jan 2024.

[ongoing-36] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h As of 3 November 2024

[37] Age 66, mandatory retirement date: 5 July 2028.

[38] Age 59, mandatory retirement date: 19 November 2034.

[39] Age 50, mandatory retirement date: 9 January 2044.

[40] Age 55, mandatory retirement date: 9 January 2039.

[41] Age 58, mandatory retirement date: 6 March 2036.

[42] Age 58–59, mandatory retirement date: 2035.

[Blackshield-1] Williams, George; Brennan, Sean; Lynch, Andrew, eds. (2018). "Appendix 5: Justices of the High Court of Australia". Blackshield and Williams Australian constitutional law and theory : commentary and materials (7th ed.). Leichhardt: The Federation Press. pp. 1460–1464. ISBN 9781760021511.

[Griffith_ADB-2] Joyce, R. B. (1983). "Griffith, Sir Samuel Walker (1845–1920)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

[FOOTNOTEFricke198613–20-3] Fricke 1986, pp. 13–20.

[Barton_ADB-4] Rutledge, Martha (1979). "Barton, Sir Edmund (Toby) (1849–1920)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

[FOOTNOTEFricke198621–29-5] Fricke 1986, pp. 21–29.

[O'Connor_ADB-6] Rutledge, Martha (1988). "O'Connor, Richard Edward (Dick) (1851–1912)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University,. Retrieved 25 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)

[FOOTNOTEFricke198630–35-7] Fricke 1986, pp. 30–35.

[Isaacs_ADB-8] Cowan, Zelman (1983). "Isaacs, Sir Isaac Alfred (1855–1948)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

[FOOTNOTEFricke198637–39,_40–50-9] Fricke 1986, pp. 37–39, 40–50.

[Higgins_ADB-10] Rickard, John (1983). "Higgins, Henry Bournes (1851–1929)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

[FOOTNOTEFricke198637–39,_51–58-11] Fricke 1986, pp. 37–39, 51–58.

[Gavan_Duffy_ADB-12] Finlay, H. A. (1981). "Duffy, Sir Frank Gavan (1852–1936)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

[FOOTNOTEFricke198662–68-13] Fricke 1986, pp. 62–68.

[Powers_ADB-14] Forster, Colin (1988). "Powers, Sir Charles (1853–1939)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

[FOOTNOTEFricke198669–76-15] Fricke 1986, pp. 69–76.

[Piddington_ADB-17] Roe, Michael (1988). "Piddington, Albert Bathurst (1862–1945)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

[FOOTNOTEFricke198677–83-18] Fricke 1986, pp. 77–83.

[Rich_ADB-19] Merralls, J. D. (1988). "Rich, Sir George Edward (1863–1956)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

[FOOTNOTEFricke198684–90-20] Fricke 1986, pp. 84–90.

[Knox_ADB-21] Rutledge, Martha (1983). "Knox, Sir Adrian (1863–1932)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

[FOOTNOTEFricke198691–98-22] Fricke 1986, pp. 91–98.

[Starke_ADB-23] Merralls, J. D. (1990). "Starke, Sir Hayden Erskine (1871–1958)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

[FOOTNOTEFricke198699–107-24] Fricke 1986, pp. 99–107.

[Dixon_ADB-25] Anderson, Grant; Dawson, Darryl (1996). "Dixon, Sir Owen (1886–1972)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 17 February 2020.

[FOOTNOTEFricke1986111–122-26] Fricke 1986, pp. 111–122.

[Evatt_ADB-27] Bolton, G.C. (1996). "Evatt, Herbert Vere (Bert) (1894–1965)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 17 February 2020.

[FOOTNOTEFricke1986123–133-28] Fricke 1986, pp. 123–133.

[McTiernan_ADB-29] Williams, John M.; Wheeler, Fiona (2012). "McTiernan, Sir Edward Aloysius (Eddie) (1892–1990)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 17 February 2020.

[30] Kirby, Michael (1991). "Sir Edward McTiernan - A Centenary Reflection" (PDF). Federal Law Review. 20 (2): 165. Retrieved 17 February 2020.

[Gazette_1941-31] Evatt, H. V. (31 December 1941). "Termination of the Period of Leave of Abence Granted to the Right Honorable Sir John Latham, G.C.M.G., Chief Justice of the High Court". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette (National: 1901–1973) (Issue No. 279): 2967. Retrieved 19 January 2020. {{cite journal}}: |issue= has extra text (help)

[Courier-Mail_Webb-33] "High Court, now". The Courier-Mail. 23 February 1949. p. 3. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

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