User:Deshnayak/sandbox
Haridhan Mukherjee | |
|---|---|
| Born | Deenbandhu Mukherjee November 10, 1907 |
| Died | 26 December 2004 (aged 97) |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, Cinema of West Bengal |
| Years active | 1943–1982 |
| Relatives | Sunil Mukherjee (son) |
| Website | https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0154128/ |
Haridhan Mukherjee (10 November 1907 – 26 December 2004 was an Indian actor and singer who is known for his work in Bengali cinema as well Bengal theatre. He was known for his versatile acting and portrayal of the next door common man, on screen as well as on stage. Characters with different shades were brought into life with his unique style, which made him very popular among the greatest directors of his time.
Early life[edit]
Haridhan Mukherjee was born on 10 November 1907 in Khatua village near Gobardanga, 24 parganas, British India. His real name was Deenbandhu Mukherjee. His parents were Bhubanmohan and Giribala. His father passed away at a very early age after which his mother raised him. He completed schooling at A V school Shyambazar. He used to play small roles in school dramas and one day was praised by playwriter Amritlal Basu, who was also his school secretary.
Singing career[edit]
He didn't study further after school and tried many odd businesses in order to become self sufficient. After failing in many ventures, he started selling potatoes in local market. He had a knack for singing and acting from young age and learnt Ramayan gaan on his own. He became a popular singer in his neighbourhood and people used the moniker 'Haridhan' (Wealth of Hari) to address him, which later became his stage name.
With his singing he impressed the likes of Rabindranath Tagore, Abanindranath Tagore, Sir Asutosh Mukherjee and Mahatma Gandhi.
Acting career[edit]
Haridhan used to act in plays organized in neighbourhood functions and family functions. His performance in intial days were noted and appreciated by the likes of Shishir Kumar Bhaduri and Pramatesh Barua. In early 1940s Shishir Bhaduri offered him a role in the play 'Maya' in 'Srirangam' theatre. This initiated a five decades long acting career, where he had worked in multiple plays at 'Natyabharati', 'Star', 'Rangmahal' and 'Kalika' theatre. His famous plays include, Kabi, Ulka, Adarsha Hindu Hotel, Ami mantri habo, Krishnakanter will, Samadhan, Debdas, Saheb Bibi Golam and Ramer sumoti.
His acting career in movies started in 1943 with the movie Khasdakhal. In 1944 he played a comic role in Sandhi where he proved his mettle as a comedian. What ensued is an illastriuos career filled with great performances in different roles. He turned himself as director's choice for roles involving deep emotional churn, comic timing, wicked demeanour or a simple amiable personality.
He got associated with famous directors like Satyajit Ray, Tarun Majumdar and Arabinda Mukhopadhyay.
Filmography[edit]
| Year | Film | Director | Role | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1943 | Sahar Theke Durey | Shailajanandan Mukherjee | Baul singer | |
| 1950 | Vidyasagar | Kali Prasad Ghose | Brahmin Pandit in Radhakanta's court | |
| 1950 | Maryada | Digambar Chatterjee | ||
| 1953 | Raja Krishnachandra | Sudhirbandhu Bannerjee | ||
| 1953 | Sarey Chuattor | Nirmal Dey | Boarder Shib Babu | |
| 1955 | Joy Maa Kali Boarding | Sadhan Sarkar | ||
| 1956 | Shyamali | Ajay Kar | ||
| 1957 | Harishchandra | Phani Burma | ||
| 1958 | Parash Pathar | Satyajit Ray | Subodh Perceval Chatterjee | |
| 1958 | Jamalaye jibanto manush | Prafulla Chakraborty | Village elder | |
| 1962 | Kanchenjungha | Satyajit Ray | Anil's chilhood private tutor | |
| 1963 | Palatak | Tarun Majumdar | Manager of Jhumur dal | |
| 1965 | Mahapurush | Satyajit Ray | Ganesh Mama | |
| 1965 | Abhaya o Srikanta | Haridas Bhattacharya | Manohar Babu | |
| 1967 | Balika Bodhu | Tarun Majumdar | ||
| 1967 | Antony Firingee | Sunil Bannerjee | Thakurdas Singha | |
| 1968 | Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne | Satyajit Ray | Village elder | |
| 1969 | Bibaha Bibhrat | Ashim Bannerjee | ||
| 1971 | Dhanyee Meye | Arabinda Mukhopadhyay | Gobardhan's advisor | |
| 1973 | Basanta Bilap | Dinen Gupta | Landlord | |
| 1973 | Shriman Prithviraj | Tarun Majumdar | Sidhu Khuro | |
| 1974 | Thagini | Tarun Majumdar | ||
| 1974 | Fuleswari | Tarun Majumdar | Signal man | |
| 1975 | Agnishwor | Arabinda Mukhopadhyay | Store Babu | |
| 1977 | Bhola Moira | Piyush Kanti Ganguly | Uttam Kumar, Supriya Devi, Bikash Roy, Lily Chakraborti | |
| 1979 | Ghatkali | Bimal Roy Jr. | ||
| 1980 | Hirak Rajar deshe | Satyajit Ray | Royal Astrologer |
References[edit]Bhagwanji aka Gumnami Baba/Pardewale Baba(Baba with no name/Baba leaving behind curtains) was an ascetic who had lived approximately last 30 years of his life in different parts of Uttar Pradesh, a state in Northern India. His most remarkable trait was his undying commitment towards remaining incognito. Only a handful of people had the privilege of seeing him in person. Most of the visitors had to converse with him separated by a curtain, with his face hidden all along. During his stay in Uttar Pradesh, he changed his dwelling place multiple times in order to avoid unwanted attention. His first appearance can be traced back to mid 1950's at the city of Lucknow, where he was first reportedly sighted. Several rumours about him still live on, as his true identity is yet to be confirmed. For many of his followers and admirers he was none other than, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose himself, spending the rest of his life as a renunciate in the state of Uttar Pradesh, after his mysterious disappearance in 1945. Numerous startling proofs have been produced by many trying to prove that he was in fact Netaji. Nonetheless two investigating commissions have refused to accept him as Netaji. Bhagwanji died on 16th September 1985, in Faizabad. There are counter claims calling his cremation as staged so as to arrange a passage for him to leave for another secret destination. Places of stay:[edit]Lucknow: Bhagwanji entered India from Nepal aided by Mahadev Prasad Mishra, a Sanskrit teacher in Nepal, some time in early 1950s. The exact year could not be confirmed. Mahadev Prasad Mishra asked his daughter Saraswati Shukla to look after Bhagwanji, a duty she performed till his last day. Accompanied by Saraswati Devi and her son Rajkumar Shukla, he moved to Singar Nagar in Lucknow in 1955. During this period of stay at Lucknow, one day he happened to visit B N Baijal opticals a renowned shop selling spectacles, where some customers and workers in the shop thought of him as Netaji, because of his close resemblance with the latter. He hurriedly came out of the shop without buying any spectacle and abandoned his clean shaven look ever since, for a bearded look. Neemsar: Neemsar, a localized name for ancient Naimisharanya, is a temple city in Uttar Pradesh. Bhagwanji along with Saraswati Devi and Rajkumar Shukla came to Neemsar around 1958. They used to stay in a dilapidated temple called Shibala at Neemsar. Without any financial means for sustainability, they faced great deal of hardship in the initial years. It is reported that they had even spent days without food during this period. Situation looked up considerably since many of Netaji's followers namely Pabitra Mohan Roy and Leela Roy came to know about him and started providing for him. Reportedly Pandit UmaShankar Dikshit who was the head priest of Shibala, a Shiva temple in Neemsar, had seen Bhagwanji multiple times from distance but could never see his face. Ayodhya/Faizabad: Ayodhya and Faizabad are twin cities and Bhagwanji lived in multiple places between these 2 cities after leaving Neemsar. In the year 1964, Bhagwanji with his companions moved to Shankar Niwas, an abandoned palace of Maharaja of Ayodhya, in Faizabad. Later he moved to Lalkothi at Ayodhya. During this period Raja of Etawah, Shri Surendra Mohan Chaudhary, helped him with looking after his needs. Basti: Around the year 1967 he along with Saraswati Devi and Rajkumar were received as guests by king of Basti, Onkar Singh. They stayed in Raja Maidan till 1974. Durga Prasad Pandey, a scholar and lawyer from Basti, who had seen Netaji earlier in 1939, later confirmed that Bhagwanji was indeed Netaji. He remained in constant touch with Bhagwanji during this period and became a close disciple of Bhagwanji. Bhagwanji too accepted him as his spiritual son. Back to Ayodhya/Faizabad: Bhagwanji along with his 2 companions moved to Ayodhya again in November 1974. He initially stayed in the house of Panda Ramkishore in Ayodhya followed by Lucknowa Hatta and then moving to Gurudwara Brahmkund, Ayodhya (owned by Sardar Guru Bux Singh). At this place many people from Faizabad came to know about his presence and took a liking of him. Prominent among them were Dr. R P Mishra and Dr T Banerjee. Dr Banerjee who had seen Netaji earlier in 1930s got a chance to see Bhagwanji face to face while treating him, and was convinced that he was Netaji only. In the year 1983, Bhagwanji moved to Ram Bhawan in Faizabad a house of Sardar Gurubasant Singh Sodhi. It's this place only where he breathed his last on 16th Sep 1985. His body was cremated at Guptar Ghat, not a designated cremation ground but a holy ghat on the banks of river Sarayu, on 18th of September 1985. Likelihood of being Netaji[edit]The life story of Bhagwanji was first published by a group of journalists; Ashok Tandon, Ram Tirth Vikal and Chandresh Kumar Srivastav, in a daily called Naye Log in Faizabad few weeks after Bhagwanji's death. Mr. Tandon went on to write a book called Gumnami Subhash in 1986. And also published several articles in Ganga magazine between 1987-88. In all his writings he concluded that Bhagwanji was none other than Subhash Chandra Bose. At the same time another magazine "Northern India Patrika" started publishing a series on Bhagwanji or Gumnami baba relating him with Netaji. As there were no claimants on Gumnami baba's belongings, district administration decided to auction the items. The attempt was stopped by local people and to quote Ashok Tandon - "After the reports emerged that the state administration is likely to auction the belongings of Gumnami Baba, Kauser Hussain of Northern India Patrika along with Vishwa Bandhav Tiwari and Mohd Haleem approached the court to stop the auctioning. The court ordered the administration to make the inventory of all the things that were found at Baba's place and submit it to the treasury. One of the letters found at Gumnami Baba's place was written by Basanti Devi, wife of Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, who considered Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose as her own son."[1] In early 1986, Lalita Bose a niece of Subhash Chandra Bose, arrived at Faizabad and upon going through the items, came to the conclusion that those belonged to her great uncle only. She identified her mother's handwriting on a copy of the dissentient report submitted by Suresh Chandra as part of Shah Nawaz Committee, where she had addressed her brother in law as "Param kalaneeya devar chiranjiveshu - Pranadhik sneh ashirvad". She also said that her father Suresh Chandra Bose, always used to say that Netaji is alive and has become a saint. She filed a writ petition (No. 929(M/B)) in Allahabad High Court, along with M Haleem and V Tiwari, demanding an immediate stop to auctioning the items, preparing an inventory of items and after due enquiry if it's ascertained that Gumnami baba was Netaji, hand over the items to her as she has right to inherit. Items recovered and other proofs[edit]As per interim order passed by the court, an inventory was prepared of all the items recovered from Ram Bhawan. 25 wooden trunks full of clothes, literature, letters and other artefacts were recovered. The state government had filed an counter affidavit to the petition, where they did mention that all the items recovered surprisingly relate to Netaji. They also observed that on every 23rd January, the birthday of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, a closed door ceremony used to take place in Bhagwanji's room where people from Calcutta and even Bose family used to be present.
Hanoi note:[edit]Bhagwanji had an interesting habit of making notes while reading, along side the text. One such note contained startling details. In a note found written in Bengali, it said "2.9.45—Japs surrendered/Annamite Govt. became ‘Govt. of Vietnam’ under Ho Chi Minh/Hanoi/‘Liu Po Cheng’ Oct 1945: South China, General’s Guest/Contact with Annamite Govt./One American Intelligence agent—Alfred Wagg—found out, told his Govt.[6]" Liu Bocheng/Liu Po Cheng was a famous Chinese military general fighting for People's republic and rumour had it that Netaji was a guest at his place during October 1945. A writer named Shiv Prasad Nag wrote a book in 1950s called Liu Po Cheng or Netaji?, where he synthesized an absurd theory of Cheng being Bose in disguise. A copy of the book was found among Bhagwanji's belongings along with a letter from Nag. A letter from Bhagwanji to Nag was also found where he wrote few hair-raising lines in bengali; 'যাকে তুমি বহুদিন আগে জেনেছিলে তাকে ভুলে যাও, সে মরে ভূত হয়ে গেছে। তাই সেই লোকটার মাপকাঠিতে এই শরীরকে বোঝার চেষ্টা করলে ভুল করবে। সেই আগের তিনি আর নেই, বাইরের থেকে এবং ভেতরে সে এক মৃত ভূত, ভাবলেশহীন, স্থবির এবং সবার ধরা ছোয়ার বাইরে. (Do forget the one, you once knew, for he has turned into a ghost. Comparing this physical being with that person will only be misleading. That man is long gone. Physically and emotionally he has turned into a dead ghost, void of emotions, unwavering in conduct and beyond everyone's reach.)' As to Alfred Wagg, he was a wartime correspondent for Chicago Tribune, who on 29th August 1945, openly challenged Jawaharlal Nehru during a press conference, regarding why Netaji shouldn't be treated as a war criminal and also claimed that Netaji is alive and Wagg himself has seen him four days back in Saigon[7]. DNA Analysis of teeth:[edit]Anuj Dhar who has been instrumental in spearheading the campaign for uncovering the mystery surrounding Netaji's death, found a match box containing 9 teeth among Bhagwanji's belongings. Assuming those belonged to Bhagwanji, he requested Justice Manoj Kumar Mukherjee a DNA analysis to be conducted on the teeth. In 2004, 2 separate samples were sent to Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyderabad and Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Kolkata along with blood samples from Netaji's relatives from paternal and maternal side. The report from Hyderabad was inconclusive and the reason mentioned, the teeth “did not yield DNA suitable for complete analysis". The report from CFSL Kolkata was conclusive and reported that the DNA samples of the teeth didn't match with the DNA from Netaji's family members. The results have been subject to criticism from several DNA specialists. Noted DNA expert Professor Gyaneshwar Chobey of Banaras Hindu University, who has studied CFSL’s report, said he was disappointed to see the analysis. He said, “There are many problems with the analysis as the software used to analyse samples (bioedit) is not meant for electropherogram analysis. Only four of 20 markers could not be used to infer anything about parental lineage.” He further observed, “Height cannot be measured by dental morphology. Moreover 40-100 mg of pulp from a tooth is practically impossible.[8]” Another controversy erupted when while replying to an RTI filed by Sayak Sen, the CFSL director said on 4th Feb 2020, that Electropherogram report, related to the test is not available with CFSL, Kolkata. As protest erupted, they did a volte face and replied on 24th Feb 2020, - "In continuation of your online RTI application vide Registration No DIRFS/R/E/20/00002 dated 05.01.20 and our earlier reply letter number CFSL(K)/19-20/20/II/RTI-55/SS/475 dated 04.02.2020, the required information is furnished below: 1. Some additional records related to the RTI application have been found which contain the Electropherogram as sought in this RTI query. This information pertains to the third party, hence it cannot be provided[8],” This raised further doubt about the authenticity of the DNA analysis done on 2004 at CFSL. Handwriting Analysis of Bhagwanji:[edit]Anuj Dhar approached B Lal Kapoor a retired Chief Examiner of Questioned Documents, top most position held by any Indian Govt official with respect to handwriting verification, with a set of handwriting of Bhagwanji and Netaji. Once B Lal gave a positive report about matches found, he was asked to join Mukherjee Commission to do the same job. These time he went through numerous writings from Bhagwanji and Netaji both in English and Bengali and came to the conclusion that both handwritings belong to the same person.[9] Justice Mukherjee was obliged to seek examination from Government experts in this regard who provided negative report. Compared to B Lal's report the official report was short and not extensive. The handwritings were later verified by Curt Baggett a famous expert from USA, and concluded “Based upon thorough analysis of these items and application of accepted forensic examination tools, principles and techniques, it is my professional expert opinion that the same person authored both the writing on the known (proved as letters written by Bose) and on the questioned documents (accessed from Roy and other revolutionaries by the authors).”[10] In a recent webcast veteran handwriting expert Ashok Kashyap also confirmed that volumes of handwriting cannot be forged so perfectly.[11] Quotations of Bhagwanji from commentaries made by him:[edit]
He once mentioned that it was from Benito Mussolini that he got the habit of smoking cigars. He once mentioned surviving the cold of Siberia, bolstering him against any possible cold weather[12]. He used to ridicule Winston Churchill by mimicking his pronunciation of the alphabet 's', with a lisp[13]. Correspondence and meeting with famous personalities[edit]Among people who had met Bhagwanji were some of the notable names of politics in post independent India.
Justice Mukherjee commission[edit]Justice Manoj Kumar Mukherjee commission was set up in 1999, to investigate whether Netaji perished in a plane crash in 1945 or not. He came across the story of Bhagwanji when journalist Ashok Tandon and Shakti Singh the landlord of Ram Bhawan approached him with details about Bhagwanji. They also mentioned about the petition filed by Lalita bose claiming Bhagwanji to be Netaji. The commission visited the Faizabad treasury and out of 2600 items found from Bhagwanji's place, 700 were sent to Kolkata for research. The commission took the testimony of 31 witnesses in this regard. Most important were of those who had seen Bhagwanji face to face and had also seen Netaji. Durga Prasad Pandey, Srikant Sharma and Apurba Chandra Ghosh testified that Bhagwanji was Netaji and they have met both Netaji in the past and later Bhagwanji multiple times to clear any possible doubt. Mr Ghosh also added that once Bhagwanji enquired about one Bahadur who used to be a gaurd at Netaji's Elgin Road house and also asked if there is still a calendar with Maa Kali's photo in Netaji's room. Justice Mukherjee found their witnesses considerable.[17] Another set of witnesses deposed in front the commission who had seen Bhagwanji face to face. Dr Priyabrat Banerjee a doctor from Faizabad, his wife Rita Banerjee and her mother Bithi Chatterjee recounted their experiences of meeting Bhagwanji. Father of Dr. P Banerjee, Dr. T Banerjee once treated Bhagwanji and was convinced that he is none but Netaji as he had seen Netaji before. According to Banerjee couple, they used to visit Bhagwanji very often and converse with him face to face. They used to ask questions in Bengali and Bhagwanji used to respond in Hindi, with a thick Bengali accent though. Rita Banerjee narrated an incident when upon asking Bhagwanji whether he felt offended due to their frequent probing, he responded in a poignant tone - "রাগ? যার নিজের মা বাবা থাকতে মা বাবা নেই, নিজের ভাই বোন থাকতে ভাই বোন নেই, নিজের দেশকে নিজের বলার অধিকার নেই, সে কি রাগ করতে পারে? অভিমান করতে পারে" (A man who is deprived of his own parents and siblings, who can't call his country his own, can only feel hurt. He has no right to get angry) Bithi Chatterjee mentioned an incident where she witnessed Bhagwanji in tears upon listening to her song. Justice Mukherjee had to set aside their testimony as they had never seen Netaji in person and their testimony can be termed hearsay at best. Upon receiving the official DNA analysis report and handwriting report which concluded as Bhagwanji not being Netaji, justice Mukherjee had no choice but to declare that Bhagwanji was not Netaji.[17] Interview exposure: In a casual discussion with film maker Amlan Kusum Ghosh, justice Mukherjee mentioned off-the-record that he was 100% sure that Bhagwanji was Netaji, as that was the most sensible view. Unbeknownst to him, the discussion got captured in camera and was telecast in different channels causing much controversy and uproar.[18] Allahabad High Court verdict[edit]In the year 2010, another writ petition 10877(M/B) was filed by Shakti Singh, the current owner of Ram Bhawan, to return all the items collected by Justice Mukherjee commission to Faizabad treasury. The Allahabad high court while passing the judgement in 2013, made several important observations on how prior commissions have worked and what compelled justice Mukherjee to accept official DNA result as a proof to dismiss Bhagwanji being Netaji. The high court raised concern about accepting DNA test as full and final and commented as follows, "Even little doubt with regard to the veracity of teeth will compel a man of common prudence not to ignore the oral and other documentary evidence, that too when there was difference of opinion with regard to handwriting of Netaji compared by the experts.[19]" The below statement made by Allahabad high court indicated that they have strong reservation about accepting the conclusion drawn by earlier investigating committees and would not rule out the possibility of Gumnami Baba being Netaji. "82. The articles/items of late Gumnami Baba raises reasonable curiosity for a probe to find out his identity. The celebration of birthday of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose on 23 January every year, books, documents and material relating back to the period when alleged death of Netaji took place in plane crash, including the books with regard to war crime and materials collected by Anuj Dhar in his two books (supra) as well as series of 17 articles published in Northern India Patrika from 20 December, 1985 to 23 January, 1986 with regard to Gumnami Baba alias Bhagwan Ji prima facie makes out a case for probe with regard to his identity. The State and Central Government should look into it to remove doubt with regard to Gumnami Baba by holding appropriate enquiry. Why the government has not issued any clarification or denial with regard to claim of Anuj Dhar in his two books (supra) and series of 17 articles published in Northern India Patrika from 20 December, 1985 to 23 January, 1986 is not understandable, more so when the controversy relates to a national hero like Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.[19]" And the court went on saying "79. Since still there is no conclusive finding through scientific measures with regard to Gumnami Baba, coupled with alleged accidental death of Netaji, the records and materials must be preserved and protected by all means for research scholars and future generation. Needless to say that we are trusties (Government) of the national assets. All the alleged materials and belongings of Gumnami Baba are national assets and must be protected for future generations so that at appropriate time by appropriate scientific methodological research truth may be unearthed or explored and addition may be made to Indian History with regard to life of Netaji or the person (Gumnami Baba) who has been treated as Netaji by the substantial section of public.[19]" The court criticized Government of India for being lacadisical in handling the matter of Netaji's disappearance and made following observations. "77. Apathy shown by the Government of India to the Mukherjee Commission as well as with regard to DNA test of ash kept at Renkoji Temple, Tokiyo, Japan is not understandable." "84. So far as mystery with regard to the death of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in plane crash is concerned, it is for the Government of India to take a decision, more so when without assigning any reason, the report of Mukherjee Commission has been rejected.[19]" Apart from ordering the state government of UP to establish a museum and preserve Gumnami Baba's belongings scientifically and also directing justice Mukherjee commission to return the items taken during investigation, it ordered setting up another committee to find out the identity of Gumnami Baba. "C) The Government of U.P is further directed to consider for appointment of a committee consisting of a team of experts and higher officers, headed by a Retired Judge of High Court, to hold an enquiry with regard to the identity of late Gumnami Baba alias Bhagwan Ji who resided in Ram Bhawan, Faizabad and cremated on 18.9.1985 (supra). Let a decision be taken expeditiously, say within a period of three months.[19]" Justice Sahai commission[edit]In the year 2016 Vishnu Sahai Commission was formed. After 3 years of inquiry and deposition of 45 witnesses, justice Vishnu Sahai came to the following conclusions.
Justice Sahai used 2 clauses mentioned below to dismiss all the witnesses who claimed that Bhagwanji was Netaji. "The claim of the witness that Bhagwanji was Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose is belied by the DNA test referred to in paragraphs 4.15.10 and 4.15.11 at pages 121 and 122 of the Mukherjee Commission Report.[20]" "The Supreme Court, times out of number, has said that non disclosure of an incident/fact by a witness for a considerable time casts grave doubt on the credibility of a witness. In my view, had the witness been really convinced that Gumnami Baba alias Bhagwanji was Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, he would have been telling all and sundry about this fact[20]" He considered the DNA result provided by CFSL Kolkata as an absolute proof against the claim that Bhagwanji was Netaji. He asked every witness who testified in favour of Bhagwaji being Netaji a common question that whether they tried to inform any government official or disclosed this truth to wider audience after Gumnami Baba's death. In case it was found that they have not been able to or were not willing to do so before, he made it a ground to reject their testimonies. Jayanti Rakshit grand daughter of Sarat Chandra Bose, elder brother of Netaji, and her husband Amiya Nath Rakshit had visited Faizabad later in mid 2000. After speaking to local people and meeting investigating journalists, they were convinced that Gumnami Baba was their granduncle Netaji. They were the first witnesses to be examined by Justice Sahai, who rejected their claim as mere hearsay. There was only one witness Ayodhya Prasad Gupta, who had seen both Netaji and Bhagwanji and testified that both were in fact same person. Justice Sahai dismissed his claim citing the clauses mentioned above and also owing to the fact the Mr Gupta falsely claimed of testifying in front of Mukherjee commission. 3 investigating journalist Anuj Dhar, Chandrachur Ghose and Ashok Tandon were also questioned. They produced their respective extensive research as exhibits and also testified that Bhagwanji was Netaji. Some important revelations were highlighted by Mr Tandon.[20] -
"হরিপুরার থেকে ওয়েলিংটন পর্যন্ত যা ঘটেছিল তা যদি না ঘটত, তাহলে জীবণটা হয়ত অন্যদিকে মোড় নিত" ( In English it means that if what happened between Haripura and Wellington had not happened then life could have gone in a different direction). At Haripura Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was elected as Congress President and in Wellington he resigned from the said post." Justice Sahai was moved by the set of evidences and commented - "I have bestowed my anxious consideration to the claim of Chandrachur Ghose that there was a very strong possibility that Gumnami Baba alias Bhagwanji and Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose were one and the same person. It should be borne in mind that Judicial Commissions of Enquiry (like the present) do not reach conclusions on a very strong possibility; they only reach one when there is a very high degree of probability of the likelihood of something being true[20]." But he finally rejected their claims citing the DNA result and the fact none of them have seen Bhagwanji and all their work is based on hearsay. Rita Banerjee who testified in Mukherjee commission, deposed again. Out of all the witnesses she was the one who had seen Bhagwanji face to face for the longest duration. Her testimony was rejected citing 2 reasons mentioned above and also for the fact that she wrongly mentioned of not appearing before any other commission whereas she did appear in front of Mukherjee commission. This was made as a ground to reject her testimony. 3 witnesses Amita Singh, Nand Kumar Misra and Shiv Prasad Yadav had seen Bhagwanji face to face few times in their lives. Their testimonies were also rejected citing the first two clauses. 7 witnesses were Bose family members who outrightly rejected the idea that Netaji could possibly be spending the rest of his life as a renunciate. Dwarkanath Bose, Chitra Ghose, Nita Ghose, Krishna Ghose and Ardhendu Bose made the following statements in order to dismiss the claim. "On account of serious afflictions and illness from which Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose suffered and his frequent confinement in Jails it is scarcely conceivable that he could have survived as a mortal human being until his late eighties, as would have been the case had he been Gumnami Baba. (Subhash Chandra Bose was born in 1897 and Gumnami Baba died on 16.09.1985)" "Since neither the parents nor siblings of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose lived till late eighties, considering the perilous life which Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose had lived, it is most unlikely that he would have lived till the age of 88 years" "Briefly, it is unthinkable that the person who was Netaji would disappear into seclusion from 1945,until his death 40 years later at the age of 88 years - decades in which his beloved India lurched from crisis to crisis, beginning with the monstrous tragedy of partition on religious lines. Would Subhash Chandra Bose have idly stood by while the agonies of communalism, massive poverty and bad Government assailed the people of India? I will be quite unequivocal in saying that this is impossible." They also added that mere discovery of certain artefacts related to Bose family in the custody of certain Bhagwanji is no way proof enough to establish him as Netaji. It is also to be noted that those items were procured by one Bijoy Nag at Bhagwanji's behest. Ardhendu Bose, son of Sailesh Chandra Bose, younger brother of Netaji, added that although his father was the real brother of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and had died in March,1984 and he (his father) had heard about Gumnami Baba and very frequently at his father's residence in Bombay a lot of discussion pertaining to the identity of Gumnami Baba used to take place, had his father felt that Gumnami Baba was Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, he would have certainly gone to visit/see him because that would have helped him to determine whether he was Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose or not. Justice Sahai deemed that these statements hold merit and drew a conclusion accordingly. Unanswered questions and loopholes in the final conclusion:[edit]
Reference[edit]
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