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Duane Marwin Rumbaugh (July 4, 1929 - June 23, 2017) was an American comparative psychologist best known for his research on language in non-human primates. He was the founder of a well-known research center at Georgia State University, known as the Language Research Center. In addition, he is the author of several books and articles that are still influential in the field of psychology today, and served as the Chair of the Psychology department at Georgia State University for approximately 46 years. [1]

Duane Marwin Rumbaugh
BornJuly 4, 1929
Maynard, Iowa
DiedJune 23, 2017
New Jersey
Cause of deathStroke Related Illness
NationalityAmerican
Known forFounder of the Language Research Center at Georgia State University
Spouse(s)Phyllis Foreman
Sue Savage-Rumbaugh
Parent(s)Arthur and Ida Rumbaugh
Academic background
EducationDoctorate from Kent State University
Alma materUniversity of Dubuque
Kent State University
ThesisThe roles of secondary reinforcement and amount of reward in maze learning, analyzed pace learning in rats (1951)
Doctoral advisorMaurice Smith
Other advisorsCharles Perkins
InfluencesKenneth Spence Clark Hull
Academic work
DisciplineExperimental Psychologist
Sub-disciplineComparative Psychology
InstitutionsSan Diego State College

San Diego Zoo

Yerkes National Primate Research Center

Georgia State University
Main interestsComparative Psychology Nonhuman primate language
Notable worksWith Apes in Mind

Language Learning by a Chimpanzee: The LANA Project (1977)

Early Life and Education

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Rumbaugh was born on July 4, 1929 to the parents of Arthur F. and Ida Rumbaugh. His father, Arthur F. Rumbaugh worked primarily as a Presbyterian minister throughout majority of his life and later served as the superintendent of the Bethany Home. The Bethany Home was a Presbyterian retirement home located in Dubuque, Iowa, and was where his mother, Ida, also worked. Duane spent majority of his childhood in the mid-west, mostly in Iowa, and a few years in Nebraska. Though the actual town of his birth has been debated, Duane, himself, reported his birthplace as Maynard, Iowa.[1] He was born the youngest of his family in which he had two older sisters; Doris Mae Rumbaugh, born in 1919 and Vida Fae Rumbaugh, born in 1927. During high school, Rumbaugh served as president of his class at Ackley High School, located in Ackley, Iowa. During his adolescence, the United States was amidst the Great Depression, the Second World War and the Dust Bowl. As a result, Rumbaugh spent a lot of his time working as a farm hand to fill the void of those serving in the military.[1][2]

Career

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Upon his graduation from Ackley High School in 1946, Rumbaugh attended the University of Dubuque. In 1950, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Just 1 year after his graduation from undergrad, he received a Master of Arts degree from Kent State University, located in Kent, Ohio. [1] Rumbaugh went on to receive his PhD in 1955 from the University of Colorado in Boulder.[1] During his time at Kent, he worked with Professor Charles Perkins and his doctorate training was oversaw by Maurice Smith. In 1955, his dissertation was titled An Investigation of the Relationship between Drive Intensity and the Growth of Habit Strength. [3] Both of his graduate advisors had been students of Professor Kenneth Spence who was from Iowa. As a result, Rumbaugh's future research and ideas would be influenced heavily by Kenneth Spence and Clark Hull.

Upon receiving his doctorate Rumbaugh accepted a postdoctoral position at San Diego State college.(tribute) When this 1 year position expired, Rumbaugh, due to his excellent work ethic, was offered a full time position with the college.[1] Rumbaugh's professional career began when he took this first academic position as an instructor, and he would remain there for 15 years. The position that he accepted was that of a comparative psychologist, as no-one else in the faculty at San Diego was currently teaching in this sub-discipline. The only issue Rumbaugh faced in this position was the fact that he was working in a sub-discipline that required animals as his main subject and there was not an animal laboratory at the college. As a result, he contacted the San Diego Zoo in order acquire lab rats. Eventually, he expanded his research subject pool to include non-human primates as well as human primates.[1]

In 1957, Rumbaugh's career at San Diego State College was put on hold. The Suez Canal Crisis occurred in the Middle East, and in response, Rumbaugh took a temporary leave of absence from the college. During this time he served as a medical service officer in the United States Navy Reserve.(pate) While serving, he pursued a research project while stationed at the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute located in Bethesda, Maryland. This research assignment would further shape and influence Rumbaugh's career towards that of a comparative psychologist as this project aimed to send squirrel monkeys into outer space. Specifically, Rumbaugh trained and tested the squirrel monkeys. Upon his return back to the U.S. after this initiative, Rumbaugh continued his faculty position at San Diego State College and began pursuing research initiatives with great apes at the city zoo. During his remaining years at San Diego State College, Rumbaugh continued his professorship by being promoted to assistant professor in 1955, associate in 1959, and eventually full professor in 1963.[1][2]

As Rumbaugh gained tenure and expanded upon his research interests, his research gained national attention. Specifically, Rumbaugh's publications, such as his Harlow-inspired research that examined nonhuman primates discrimination in a learned task, earned him a call from [[[Geoffrey H. Bourne|Geoffrey Bourne]], the Director of the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center that is located in Atlanta, Georgia at Emory University.[2] Rumbaugh's career at San Diego State College promptly ended in 1969 when he accepted this offer and moved across the country to pursue this position at Yerkes.[1] At this primate center, Rumbaugh took a position as the Associate Direct and Chief of Primate Behavior. It was during this time that Rumbaugh began the research on ape language and the use of a lexigram board that would drive his career for the next 48 years.[1]

Georgia State University

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Two years after the start of his work at the Yerkes, in 1971 he began his career at Georgia State University (GSU) located in Atlanta, Georgia.[1] Rumbaugh had originally only applied for an adjunct faculty at the institute, however, the psychology department was in need of someone to fill their chair position. It was at this time that Rumbaugh took over the chair position of the psychology department where he would remain for 18 years until his retirement in 2001. His official position was Regents Professor of Psychology and Biology.[4] During the first ten years of his career at GSU, Rumbaugh continued his dual role as chair of the psychology department as GSU and his research duties at Yerkes. In 1981, however, Rumbaugh ended his dual appointment with Yerkes and founded a facility to complete his research through Georgia State University.[1]

The Language Research Center

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In 1979, Rumbaugh convinced Georgia State administrators to build a research facility that would house non-human primates.[2] This facility would support the work on ape-language research that Rumbaugh would continue pursuing throughout the remainder of his life.[2] This research institute was build on a 55-acre lot that was donated to the university. This interdisciplinary research facility would be come to be known as the Language Research Center (LRC) at Georgia State. During the spring of 1981, Rumbaugh and his fellow collaborators moved into the facility to begin their research efforts. The LRC since its founding has facilitated hundreds of published studies that utilize non-human primates. In addition, it facilitated many of Rumbaugh's own projects regarding symbol learning, numerical cognition, and learning and intelligence. Today this facility consists of 5 laboratory buildings and is under the current direction of Dr. David A. Washburn of Georgia State University.[4]

Year Professional Positions Held
1954-1969 Instructor to Professor, Department of Psychology, San Diego State College, San Diego, CA
1963-1969 Associate Division Chairman of the Life Sciences Division, San Diego State College, San Diego, CA
1969-1971 Associate Director and Chief of Primate Behavior, Yerkes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
1971-1989 Chairman and Professor, Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
1981 Founding Director, Language Research Center, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA
1985-2001 Director, Language Research Center and Sony Carter Life Science Laboratory, Atlanta, GA
1984-2001 Regents' Professor, Departments of Psychology and Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
2001 Professor Emeritus, Departments of Psychology and Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA

Research Contributions

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Dr. Rumbaugh's research interests primarily lied in learning, language, and comparative psychology. During his career, Rumbaugh was heavily involved in research. Such is evident by the amount of publications he published during his career. Specifically, he published his first article in 1962 and published for the last time in 2015.[1] During this time period he published approximately 150 articles, 81 book chapters, 22 reviews and 13 other various works. The topics of these works were varied, but many involved information on great apes, primates, squirrel monkeys, and even humans. In addition, a lot of his work focused on learning including discrimination learning.[1]

Early Research

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The research Rumbaugh pursued early in his career involved explorations of the basic aspects of learning. His Master's Thesis, entitled The roles of secondary reinforcement and amount of reward in maze learning, analyzed pace learning in rats. Beyond his research utilizing rats, while pursuing his PhD, Rumbaugh investigated more complex aspects of learning. In 1955, Rumbaugh defended his dissertation entitled, An investigation of the relationship between drive intensity and the growth of habit strength. His dissertation was supervised by one of Spence's students by the name of Maurice P. Smith and it investigated the relation between habit strengths, amount of training and drive levels.[1][3]

The first article that Rumbaugh officially published was with a colleague by the name of Kuzman.[1] The article was published in 1962 and aimed to examine the factors that influence a health care group's assessment of health care patients' potential to return to work. In addition to this work, early in his research career, Rumbaugh was involved in the creation of several scales. One was the Cardia Adjustment Scale, a scale that contained 160 items that are utilized to assess the potential of individuals to return to work. Another was the Psychological Abilities Scale for Seniles.[1] Though noteworthy, some of his early research was not a part of his realm of his future research that he would pursue during the rest of his career.

Applied Research

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Though Rumbaugh's research career would primarily focus on comparative psychology, some of Rumbaugh's initial research interests focused on more applied research. One of his first publications with a colleague, Kuzman, investigated the factors that influenced health care groups' assessments of return-to-work potential of patients that had heart disease.[1] This research preceded the development of a Cardiac Adjustment Scale (CAS) by Rumbaugh and Kuzman. In addition to his early work with cardiac patients, Rumbaugh, along with three colleagues, expanded his applied research to develop a Psychological Abilities Scale for Seniles.[1]

Comparative Research

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Rumbaugh's early research also consisted of a series of modifications that he made to the Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (WGTA). Through this research, Rumbaugh investigated both discrimination learning and rehearsal as well as examining measures of discrimination learning and learning sets. This work led to the development of his transfer index. Specifically this index consisted of Rumbaugh's modifications of the WGTA that accommodate various species. His modifications of the apparatus considered the dexterity of different animals, and ensured that the apparatus learning index would not be affected by this factor. Rumbaugh and his colleague Rice made this series of modifications to the WGTA by placing objects that had be discriminated in plexiglass boxes permanently fixated above a food well. A Plexiglas shield was then placed between the subject and discrimination object to prevent the subjects from touching the objects. The subjects were required to point at the object, rather than touching it, which reduced differences in responding that were the results of differences in strength or dexterity across subject/species.[1]

In the first truly comparative study that Rumbaugh completed, he utilized non-human primates that consisted of a gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan. In this study, Rumbaugh analyzed a discrimination task in a learning-set situation that utilized this modified WGTA that he developed. The results of this study yielded a comparison of discrimination learning and the development of learning sets across the species of gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans. It is important to note that the WGTA was effective in this study of discrimination, and would be in the the future research endeavors Rumbaugh would complete that compared the behavior of a single species to other species in other labs.[1]

Not only did Rumbaugh utilize gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans in his initial comparative studies, during the first decade of his research career, he utilized many other species that included spider monkeys. As consistent with the topics of his initial work, he investigated discrimination learning and learning sets. One such study that he completed with squirrel monkeys along side his colleague Peterson, Rumbaugh yet again utilized the WGTA with to demonstrate that touching or manipulation discrimination objects is not important when considering discrimination learning.[1]

Beyond Rumbaugh's research that utilized the modified WGTA, perhaps one of most influential advancements he provided for the scientific community during his research career was the computerized language keyboard he invented for the Lana Project. The LANA Project, known as the Language ANAlog project was initiated by Rumbaugh in 1971. During this project, Rumbaugh successfully trained a chimpanzee by the name of Lana to use symbols via a computer-based keyboard in order to communicate. From this project the lexigram keyboard was developed that enabled chimpanzees to composed novel sentences and make requests. This discovery in which Rumbaugh discovered that chimpanzees could successfully communicate with humans via this lexigram board was monumental for the development of science.[4] [5] Specifically, as the project continued throughout the years, it became clear that the lexigram board could be utilize for more than communication with apes but with individuals whose language and learning abilities were limited, such as those individuals with intellectual disabilities. This project also allowed scientists to discover that Lana, herself was capable of learning language skills by utilizing dozens of symbols via the lexigram board. In summary, this keyboard would be, and still is utilized to teach other nonhuman primates how to communicate along with humans that have intellectual challenges.[1]

Once the LRC was constructed in 1981, Rumbaugh began many research initiatives at this facility. Beyond teaching LANA to communicate via a lexigram board, Rumbaugh also helped develop testing equipment for rhesus macaques. This computerized test system that Rumbaugh developed was made up of a joystick that the primates would utilize to complete interactive tasks on a computer. In 1987, NASA's Rhesus Project sent a rhesus macaque to the LRC and Rumbaugh exemplified that Macaques could be trained to utilize this joystick system that would be referred to as Rumbaughx.[4][5]

Overall, Rumbaugh's 60 year research career contributed to a lot of what scientists know today regarding comparative psychology. Specifically his work vastly contributed across the subjects of primate learning, language, communication, cognition and overall intelligence. [3]

Personal Life

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During his time as a doctoral student in Colorado, Rumbaugh married a fellow student by the name of Phyllis Foreman in 1952. During their marriage, Phyllis gave birth to a daughter by the name of Joan.[1] In 1976, Duane remarried a fellow colleague, Sue Savage. Savage, a well-known psychologist, collaborated with Rumbaugh for many years, working on topics of language processes among nonhuman primates. During their marriage, Rumbaugh even adopted Savage's son, Shane.[1] In 2000, the marriage between him and Sue Savage ended in divorce, but their friendship and professional collaboration continued for the remainder of his life.[1] Upon his retirement in 2001, Rumbaugh moved to Highland Park, NJ where he spent his final years remaining active in research and spending time with his daughter and her family. On June 23, 2017,Rumbaugh passed away peacefully in his home following complications from a stroke Rumbaugh passed away peacefully in his home following complications from a stroke. [6][3]

Honors, Associations, Achievements, and Awards

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Rumbaugh's accomplishments during his career were met with countless honors and awards. One of the most noteworthy was the Donald O. Hebb Distinguish Scientific Contributions Award, that he was awarded in 2005. He was also granted the Lifetime Achievement Award in 2016 by the Society for Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Science.[7]

Year Honors [7]
1971-1972 American Association for the Advancement of Science: National Science Foundation Chautauqua Course Lecturer for College Teachers: Eastern Circuit
1971-1972 American Association for the Advancement of Science: National Science Foundation Chautauqua Course Lecturer for College Teachers: Central Circuit
February 1975 Roy Roberts Visiting Professor of Psychology, University of Missouri, Kansas City
November 1977 Keynote speaker for the 1983 Carolinas Psychology Conference. Invited address entitled "Chimpanzee Language Research: Status and Potential" at the National Conference on the Use of On-Line Computers in Psychology
1987 Inaugural Distinguished Professor of Georgia State University, Alumni Association
- Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society
June 1988 Keynote Speaker for the Center for Special Education's Invitational Research Symposium on Special Education Technology
1988 Division 6, American Psychology Association, President
October 1988 Anderson Lecturer, Dension University
1989 Distinguished Lecturer, Shawnee State University
February 1991 Henry M. Jones Psychology Lecture (Inaugural); North Carolina State University
February 1995 Psi Chi Honored Guest and Speaker: Talk entitled "Language and the Great Apes;" Conference hosted by Texas Christian University
Spring 1995 Psi Chi Honored Guest and Speaker: Talk entitled "Language and the Great Apes;" Conference hosted by West Georgia College & University System of Georgia
April 1995 Psi Chi Invited Speaker: Talk entitled "Great apes, great challenges, great expectation:" Western Psychological Association
September 1995 Psi Chi Distinguished National Member, The National Honor Society in Psychology
October 1996 Nobel Conference XXXII Invited Speaker: Talk entitled "Apes at the End of an Age: Primate Language and Behavior in the 90's:" Gustavus Adolphus College
November 1996 National Institute of Health Symposium Invited Inaugural Speaker: Talk entitled "Unique Contributions of Nonhuman Primate Research to Neuroscience
May 1997 Georgia State University Chapter of The Blue Key Honorary Fraternity, Distinguished Professor Award
2000 NICHID Strategic Planning Committee for Developmental Biobehvaioral Research, Co-Chair
January 2000 Co-authored paper entitled "Language Comprehension in Ape and Child (1993)" identified as one of the top influential works in cognitive science in the 20th century by the Center for Cognitive Sciences at the University of Minnesota
2000 Keynote Speaker for the American Society of Primatologists Annual Conference
2005 D. O. Hebb Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award; Division 6 of the American Psychological Association
2016 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society for Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Science

Duane Rumbaugh maintained continuous grant funding from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development from 1971 until his passing in 2017, an accomplishment obtained by very few. In addition, his research had been funded by other organization such as the National Science Foundation (NSF) and theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).[4][5] In addition to his superb record in keeping continuous grant funding for over 40 years, Rumbaugh was the author of two very influential books in the comparative field. His first book, entitled The Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings he coauthored with his colleague, David Washburn, in 2003. In addition With Apes in Mind: Emergents, Communication, and Competence and was published in 2013. He also served as co-editor for many other books, including Language Learning by a Chimpanzee: The Lana Project that was published in 1977. [4][5]

Year Professional Associations [7]
1995-1996 President, Southern Society of Philosophy and Psychology
1957-1958 American Psychological Association Fellow in Divisions 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 26
1957-1958 Regional Vice-President for Psi Chi
- Georgia Psychological Association
- American Society of Primatologists
1963-1964 President, San Diego County Psychological Association
1971-1994 Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources

[National Research Council|(National Research)]]: Member of the Animal models and Genetic Stocks ILAR Committee

1972-1976 International Primatological Society: Board Member and Secretary of The Western Hemisphere
1991-1994 Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (National Research Council): Member of the Psychological well-being for the Laboratory Primate Committee
- Sigma Xi: Fellow
- American Association for the Advancement of Science: Fellow
- San Diego Zoological Society: Fellow
- Zoological Society of Atlanta: Charter Member, Vice President and Trustee (past)
- New York Zoological Society: Fellow
- American Men and Women of Science: Member
- Psychonomic Society: Member
- Association for Behavior Analysis: Member

Following his passing, Duane Rumbaugh's legacy became very evident. Memorial symposia were held in his honor at the 2018 meetings of the Southeastern Psychological Association, the Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology along withe the American Psychological Association. In addition, every year Georgia State University, in his memory, awards a Duane M. Rumbaugh Fellowship to an outstanding doctoral student who is involved in noninvasive behavioral research with nonhuman primates. [8]

Today, a plaque stands in the inside hallway of the LRC at Georgia State University that reads "So together we might learn of language." This quote was in Rumbaugh's book entitled With Apes in Mind, and is symbolic of his dedication to the investigation of ape language and the contributions he made towards the scientific community.

Publications[1][3][4][7]

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  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Kuzman, W. J. (1962). The work potential in persons with heart disease. California Medicine, 96, 406-408. DOI: 2wj8h996
  • Kaplan, D. J., Rumbaugh, D. M., Mitchell, D. C., & Thomas, E. D. (1963). Effects of level of surviving abilities, time of day, and test-retest upon psychological performance in seniles. Journal of Gerontology, 18, 55-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/18.1.55
  • Peterson, M. E., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1963). Role of object contact cues in learning set formation in the squirrel monkey. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 16, 3-9. PMID 13942781
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & McQueeney, J. A. (1963). Learning set formation and discrimination reversal: Learning problems to criterion in the squirrel monkey. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 7 (56), 435-439. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0046559
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1964). The Cardiac Adjustment Scale. San Diego: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Prim, M. M. (1964). Temporary interference of insolvable discrimination reversal training upon learning set in the squirrel monkey. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 57, 302-304. PMID: 14168662
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Ensminger, L. W. (1964). Discrimination reversal training with single and multiple stimulus pairs in the squirrel monkey. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 57(2), 304-306. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0048160
  • Segal, E. F., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1964). Timing behavior in squirrel monkeys as a function of positive vs. negative reinforcement. Psychonomic Science, 1, 371-372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03342964
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Ternes, J. W. (1965). Learning set performance of squirrel monkeys after rapid decompression to vacuum. Journal of Aerospace Medicine, 36, 8-12. PMID: 14243685
  • Pournelle, M. B., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1965). A modified Wisconsin General Test Apparatus for use with a variety of small primates. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 21, 489-490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1965.21.2.489
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Knapp, R. R., & McCarty, C. J. (1965). Prediction of work potential in heart patients through use of the Cardiac Adjustment Scale. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 29, 597. PMID: 5846136
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Sammons, M. E., Prim, M. M., & Phillips, S. (1965). Learning set in squirrel monkeys as affected by pretraining with differentially rewarded single objects. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 21, 63-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1965.21.1.63
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Ternes, J. W., & Abordo, E. J. (1965). Learning set in squirrel monkeys as affected by encasement of problem objects in plexiglas bins. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 21, 531-534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1965.21.2.531
  • Ternes, J. W., Abordo, E. J., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1965). Effect of criterional learning set training where problem objects are encased in plexiglas bins. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 21, 544-546. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1965.21.2.544
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1966). The psychological aspects. Journal of Rehabilitation (Coronary Spectrum Issue), 32, 56-58 (by invitation). PMID: 5906543
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Pournelle, M. B. (1966). Discrimination- reversal skills of primates: The reversal/acquisition ratio as a function of phyletic standing. Psychonomic Science, 4, 45-46. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03342168
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Jeeves, M. A. (1966). A comparison of two discrimination-reversal indices intended for use with diverse groups of organisms. Psychonomic Science, 6(1), 1-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03327927
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1967). Alvila San Diego Zoo's captive born gorilla. In C. Jarvis (Ed.), International Zoo Yearbook, Vol 7, (pp. 98 107), London: Zoological Society of London.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & McCormack, D. (1967). The learning skills of primates: A compara-tive study of apes and monkeys. In D. Stark, R. Schneider & H. J. Kuhn (Eds.), Progress in Primatology (pp. 289-306). Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1968). The learning and sensory capacities of the squirrel monkey in phylogenetic perspective. In L. A. Rosenblum & R. C. Cooper (Eds.), The Squirrel Monkey (pp. 255-317). New York: Academic Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & McCormack, C. (1969). Attentional skills of great apes compared with those of gibbons and squirrel monkeys. In C. R. Carpenter (Ed.), Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Primatology, Vol. 1, Behavior (pp. 167-172). Basel: Karger.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1969). The transfer index: An alternative measure of learning set. In C. R. Carpenter (Ed.), Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Primatology, Vol. 1, Behavior (pp. 267-273). Basel: Karger.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1970). Learning skills of anthropoids. In L. A. Rosenblum (Ed.), Primate Behavior, Vol. 1 (pp. 1-70). New York: Academic Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Riesen, A. H., & Lee, R. (1970). Study guide to accompany the film Survey of the Primates. New York: Appleton Century Crofts.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Arnold, R. C. (1971). Learning: A comparative study of Lemur and Cercopithecus. Folia Primatologica, 14, 154-160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000155346
  • Arnold, R. C., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1971). Extinction: A comparative primate study of Lemur and Cercopithecus. Folia Primatologica, 14, 161-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000155347
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1971). Chimpanzee intelligence. In G. H. Bourne (Ed.), The Chimpanzee, Vol. 4 (pp. 19-45). Basel: Karger.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Steinmetz, G. T. (1971). Discrimination reversal skills of the lowland gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla). Folia Primatologica, 16(144), 152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000155395
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1971). Zoos: Valuable adjuncts for the instruction of animal behavior. BioScience, 21, 806-809. DOI: 10.2307/1295653
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Gill, T. V. (1971). The learning skills of Pongo. In H. Kummer (Ed.), Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Primatology, Zurich, 1970, Vol. 3, Behavior (pp. 158-163). Basel: Karger.
  • Cole, J. M., Pieper, W. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1971). Effects of 9 tetrahydrocannabinol on spaced responding in great apes. Communications in Behavioral Biology, 6, 285-293. DOI:
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Bell, C. L., & Gill, T. V. (1972). Two discrimination test apparatuses for primates. Behavioral Research Methods & Instrumentation, 4, 6-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209962
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Riesen, A. H., & Wright, S. C. (1972). Creative responsiveness objects:A report of a pilot study with young apes. Folia Primatologica, 17, 397-403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000155457
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1973). The importance of nonhuman primate studies of learning and related phenomena for understanding cognitive development. In G. H. Bourne (Ed.), Nonhuman Primates and Medical Research (pp.415-429). New York: Academic Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., von Glasersfeld, E. C., Warner, H., Pisani, P., Gill, T. V., Brown, J. V., & Bell, C. L. (1973). Exploring the language skills of Lana chimpanzee. International Journal of Symbology, 4, 1-9. DOI:
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., von Glasersfeld, E. C., Warner, H., Pisani, P., Gill, T. V., Brown, J. V., & Bell, C. L. (1973). A computer-controlled language training system for investigating the language skills of young apes. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 5, 385-392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03200213
  • von Glasersfeld, E. C., Warner, H., Pisani, P., Rumbaugh, D. M., Gill, T. V., & Bell, C. L. (1973). Communication three way: Chimpanzee, man, computer. II. A computer mediates communication with a chimpanzee. Computers and Automation, 22, 9-11.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1973). Laboratory studies of primate intelligence: A review of educational films. American Anthropologist, 75(6), 2021-2023.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., von Glasersfeld, E. C., Warner, H., Pisani, P., & Gill, T. V. (1974). Lana (chimpanzee) learning language: A progress report. Brain and Language, 1, 205-212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-934X(74)90035-2
  • Gill, T. V., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1974). Learning processes of bright and dull apes. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 78, 683-687.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1974). Comparative primate learning and its contributions to understanding development, play, intelligence, and language. In A. B. Chiarelli (Ed.) Perspectives in Primate Biology (pp. 253-281). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Gill, T. V., & von Glasersfeld, E. C. (1974). (Reply to "Technical comments: Language in man, monkeys, and machines," by J. L. Mistler Lachman and R. Lachman. Science, 185, 871-873. DOI: 10.1126/science.185.4154.871
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Gill, T. V. (1975). Language, apes, and the apple which is orange, please. In S. Kondo, M. Kawai, A. Ehara, & S. Kawamura (Eds.), Proceedings of the Symposia of the Fifth Congress of the International Primatological Society (pp. 247-257). Tokyo: Japan Science Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Gill, T. V. (1975). The learning skills of the rhesus monkey. In G. H. Bourne (Ed.), The Rhesus Monkey, Vol. 1 (pp. 303-321). New York: Academic Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Gill, T. V., von Glasersfeld, E. C., Warner, H., & Pisani, P. (1975). Conversations with a chimpanzee in a computer controlled environment. Biological Psychiatry, 10, 627-641. PMID: 811269
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  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1991). [Review of How Monkeys See the World: Inside the Mind of Another Species]. The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 66, 228-229.
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  • Hopkins, W. D., Morris, R. D., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1992). Hemispheric priming by meaningful and nonmeaningful symbols in language-trained chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Further evidence of a left hemisphere advantage. Behavioral Neuroscience, 106(3): 575-582. DOI: http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.gsu.edu/10.1037/0735-7044.106.3.575
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  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1992). Cognitive competencies: Products of genes, experience, and technology. In T. Nishida, W. C. McGrew, P. Marler, M. Pickford, & F. B. M. de Waal (Eds.), Topics in Primatology, Vol. 1, Human Origins (pp. 293-304). Tokyo, JAPAN:University of Tokyo Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Williams, S. L. (1992). Human factors, psychological factors, and affirmation of continuity. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, Vol. 5(4), 205-209.
  • Washburn, D. A. & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1992). Testing primates with joystick-based automated apparatus: Lessons from the Language Research Center's Computerized Test System. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Comptuers, 23(2), 157-164.
  • Washburn, D. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1992). Comparative assessment of psychomotor performance: Target prediction by humans and macaques (Macaca mulatta). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121(3), 305-312.
  • Washburn, D. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1992). Investigations of rhesus monkey video-task performance: Evidence for enrichment. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science, Vol 31(5), 6-10.
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  • Cerutti, D. T., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1993). Stimulus relations in comparative primate perspective. The Psychological Record, 43, 811-821.
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  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Washburn, D. A. (1993). Counting by chimpanzees and ordinality judgements by Macaques in video-formatted tasks. In S. T. Boysen & E. J. Capaldi (Eds.), The Development of Numerical Competence: Animal and Human Models (87-106). Lawrence Erlbaum: Hillsdale, New Jersey.
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  • Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Murphy, J., Sevcik, R. A., Brakke, K. E., Williams, S. & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1993). Language comprehension in ape and child. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Serial No. 233, Vol. 58, Nos. 3-4.
  • Toth, N., Schick, K. D., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Sevcik, R. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1993). Pan the tool-maker: Investigations into the stone tool-making and tool-using capabilities of a bonobo (Pan paniscus). Journal of Archaeological Science, 20, 81-91.
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  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., & Sevcik, R. A. (1994). Biobehavioral roots of language: A comparative perspective of chimpanzee, child and culture. In R. W. Wrangham, W. C. McGrew, F. B. M. de Waal, & P. G. Heltne (Eds), Chimpanzee Cultures (pp 319-334). Harvard University Press in cooperation with The Chicago Academy of Sciences: MA.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., & Washburn, D. A. (1994). Learning, prediction and control with an eye to the future. In M. M. Haith, J. B. Benson, R. J. Roberts, Jr., & B. F. Pennington (Eds.), The Development of Future-Oriented Processes(pp 119-138). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
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  • Washburn, D. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1994). Training rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) using the computerized test system. Proceedings of the International Primatological Society, Strasbourg, FRANCE, 3, 77-83.
  • Brakke, K., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1995). Much ado about marking. [Review of Self-awareness in animals and humans: Developmental perspectives]. American Journal of Primatology, 36, 79-81.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1995). Primate intelligence and language: Brain and environment. Unity in Diversity, 1995 American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pg. 13 (Abstract).
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  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Washburn, D. A. (1995). Attention and memory in relation to learning: A comparative adaptation perspective. In G. R. Lyon & N. A. Krasnegor (Eds.), Attention, memory and executive function (pp. 199-219). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes
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  • Beran, M. J., Rumbaugh, D. M., & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1996) Performance of a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) on a computerized counting task. XVIth Congress of the International Primatological Society and XIXth Conference of the American Society of Primatologists, No. 315. (Abstract).
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1996). In search of the red oktober’s psychology. [Review of V. M. Bekhterev’s Collective Reflex-ology, Part 1]. Contemporary Psychology, 41(7), 639-641.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1996) Biobehavioral roots of language: Words, apes, and a child. In B. M. Velichkovsky & D. M. Rumbaugh (Eds.), Communicating meaning: The evolution and development of language (pp. 257-274). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Washburn, D. A. (1996). Progeny of WGTA and learning set: The Language Research Center’s computerized test system and transfer index phenomena. XVIth Congress of the International Primatological Society and XIXth Conference of the American Society of Primatologists, No. 248. (Abstract).
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Washburn, D. A. (1996). Learning in relation to primate brain evolution. International Journal of Psychology 31(3-4). 38. (Abstract).
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Washburn, D. A., & Hillix, W. A. (1996). Respondents, operants, and emergents: Toward an integrated perspective on behavior. In K. Pribram & J. King (Eds.), Learning as a self-organizing process (pp. 57-73). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1996). Primate intelligence and language: Brain and environment. XVIth Congress of the International Primatological Society and XIXth Conference of the American Society of Primatologists, No. 740. (Abstract).
  • Washburn, D. A. & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1996) Training rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) using the computerized test system. Proceedings of the International Primatological Society. (Abstract)
  • Washburn, D. A., Sevcik, R. A., Rumbaugh, D. M., & Romski, M. A. (1996). Educational applications of the Psychomotor Test System. Proceedings of the AIAA Life Sciences and Space medicine Conference and Exhibit (pg. 72-73), American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. (Abstract)
  • Velichkovsky, B. M. & Rumbaugh, D. M. (Eds.) (1996). Communicating meaning: The evolution and development of language. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Morris, R. D., Hopkins, W. D., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1997). Cerebral specialization. In Encyclopedia of human biology (Vol. 2, pp. 629-633). Academic Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1997). Competence, cortex, and primate models--A comparative primate perspective. In N. A. Krasnegor, G. R. Lyon, P. S. Goldman-Rakic (Eds.), Development of the prefrontal cortex: Evolution, neurobiology, and behavior (pp. 117-139). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1997). A comparative perspective on the etiology of meaning and assaying behaviors for meaning. In C. Mandell & A. McCabe (Eds). Advances in psychology: The problem of meaning: Behavioral and cognitive perspectives. (pp. 147-179). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1997-98). Language, nonhuman. In G. Adelman & B. Smith (Eds.), Encyclopedia of neuroscience. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science.
  • Washburn, D. A., Rumbaugh, D. M., & Richardson, W. K. (1997). Apparatus in comparative psychology. In G. Greenberg & M. Haraway (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Comparative Psychology (pp. 231-235). New York: Garland Publishers, Inc.
  • Williams, S. L., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1997). Apes and language. Concise encyclopedia of philosophy of language. Oxford, England: Elsevier Science LTD.
  • Beran, M. J. & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1998). Delay of gratification in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology, 45, 169-170. [Abstract].
  • Beran, M. J., Rumbaugh, D. M., & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1998). Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) counting in a computerized testing paradigm. The Psychological Record 48, 3-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395255
  • Beran, M. J., Savage Rumbaugh, E. S., Brakke, K. E., Kelley, J. W., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1998). Symbol comprehension and learning: A "vocabulary" test of three chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Evolution of Communication 2, 171-188.
  • Grossblatt, N. (Ed.) (1998). The psychological well-being of nonhuman primates. A Report of the Committee on the Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, National Research Council. Rumbaugh, D. M. (Committee Member) Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • Hillix, W. A. & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1998). Language in animals. In G. Greenberg & M. M. Haraway (Eds.) Comparative psychology: A handbook (pp. 837-848). New York: Garland Publishing.
  • King, J. E., Rumbaugh, D. M. & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1998). Evolution of intelligence, language, and other emergent processes for consciousness: A comparative perspective. In S. J. Hameroff, A. W. Kaszniak, & A. C. Scott (Eds.) Toward a science of consciousness II: The second Tucson discussions and debates (pp. 383-395). Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Lyn, H., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1998). Observational word learning in bonobos (Pan paniscus). American Journal of Primatology 45, 193. [Abstract].
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1998). The Roots of Human Linguistic Competence in Apes. History of Science Society, Philosophy of Science Association, 1998 Annual Meeting (Abstract).
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Washburn, D. A., & Pate, J. L. (1998). Discrimination learning set and transfer. In G. Greenberg & M. M. Haraway (Eds.) Comparative psychology: A handbook (pp. 562-565). New York: Garland Publishing.
  • Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1998). Perspectives on consciousness, language, and other emergent processes in apes and humans. In S. J. Hameroff, A. W. Kaszniak, & A. C. Scott (Eds.) Toward a science of consciousness II: The second Tucson discussions and debates (pp. 533-549). Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Washburn, D. A., Rumbaugh, D. M., & Richardson, W. K. (1998). Apparatus in comparative psychology. In G. Greenberg & M. M. Haraway (Eds.) Comparative psychology: A handbook (pp. 221-225). New York: Garland Publishing.
  • Beran, M. J., Gibson, K. R. , & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1999). Predicting hominid intelligence from brain size. In M. Corbalis & E. G. Lea (Eds.), The descent of mind: Psychological perspectives on hominid evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Gulledge, J. P., Washburn, D. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1999). Judgments of numeric symbols and quantities by macaques. Abstracts of the Psychonomic Society, 4, 49.
  • King, J. E., Rumbaugh, D. M., & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1999). Perception of personality traits and semantic learning in evolving hominids. In M. Corbalis & E. G. Lea (Eds.), The descent of mind: Psychological perspectives on hominid evolution. (pp. 98-115). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Rilling, J., Kilts, C., Williams, S., Kelley, J., Beran, M., Giroux, M., Hoffman, J. M., Savage-Rumbaugh, S., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1999). Functional neuroimaging of linguistic processing in chimpanzees. Society of Neuroscience Abstracts, 25(2), 2170.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (1999). Primate language and cognition: Common ground. In A. Mack (Ed.), Humans and other animals. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1999). Primate language. In R. A. Wilson & F. C. Keil (Eds.) The MIT encyclopedia of the cognitive sciences. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1999). Language, nonhuman. In G. Adelman & B. H. Smith (Eds.), Encyclopedia of neuroscience. (pp. 1013-1015). Elsevier Science B.V.
  • Schick, K. D., Toth, N., Garufi, G., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Rumbaugh, D. M., & Sevcik, R. A. (1999). Continuing investigations into the stone tool-making and tool-using capabilities of a Bonobo (Pan paniscus). Journal of Archaeological Science, 26, 821-832. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1998.0350
  • Williams, S. L. & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1999). Tympanic membrane temperatures reflect lateralization in a language-trained ape (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology, 49.
  • Williams, S. L., Beran, M. J., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1999). Self judgment of performance by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology, 49, 114. [Abstract].
  • Beran, M. J., Pate, J. L., Richardson, W. K., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (2000). A chimpanzee's (Pan troglodytes) long term retention of lexigrams. Animal Learning and Behavior, 28, 201-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03200255
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (2000) The apes and us: Brain and emergent processes. American Society of Primatologists. (Abstract)
  • Rumbaugh, D.M. (2000) The Mentalities of Gorillas and Orangutans (book review). International Journal of Primatology, Vol 21, No. 4, pp. 769-771.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Beran, M. J., & Hillix, W. A. (2000). Cause effect reasoning in humans and animals. In C. Heyes & L. Huber (Eds.), The evolution of cognition. (pp. 221-238). MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.
  • Washburn, D. A., Rumbaugh, D. M., Richardson, W. K., Gulledge, J. P., Shylk, G. G., & Vasilieva, O. N. (2000). PTS performance by flight- and control-group macaques. Journal of Gravitational Physiology, 7, S-89-S94.
  • Beran, M. J., Pate, J. L., Washburn, D. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (2001). Sequential responding and planning in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). American Journal of Primatology, 54, 100. [Abstract].
  • Beran, M. J., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (2001). Comparative cognitive science and the Japanese influence in primatology. Book Review of Primate origins of human cognition and behavior by Tetsuro Matsuzawa. American Journal of Primatology, 55, 183-185. DOI:
  • Gibson, K. R., Rumbaugh, D. M., & Beran, M. J. (2001). Bigger is better: Primate brain size in relationship to cognition. In D. Falk & K. R. Gibson (Eds.), Evolutionary anatomy of the primate cerebral cortex (pp. 79-97). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Beran, M. J., & Elder, C. M. (2001) Infancy and the birth of competence: Bruner and comparative-developmental research. In D. Bakhurst & S. G. Shanker (Eds.), Jerome Bruner: Language, culture, self. (pp. 136-149). London: Sage.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Savage Rumbaugh, E. S., & Beran, M. J. (2001). The grand apes. In B. B. Beck, T. S. Stoinski, M. Hutchins, T. L. Maple, A. Rowan, B. F. Stevens, & A. Arluke, (Eds.), Great apes & humans: The ethics of coexistence (pp. 245-260). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (2002). Language acquisition by animals. Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Nature Publishing Group.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., & Taglialatela, J. P. (2002). Language learning: Nonhuman primates. In J. H. Byrne, (Ed.), Language & Memory, 2nd Edition (pp. 314-317). New York: Macmillan.
  • Lyn, H., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (2003). Cognitive and language skills: Early environmental influences on apes. In J. R. Miller, R. M. Lerner, L. B. Schiamberg, & P. M. Anderson, (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Human Ecology, Vol 1, (pp. 128-130). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (2003). [Media review The disenchanted forest]. American Journal of primatology, 60, 119-120.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Taglialtela, J. P. (2003). [Review of book The ape and the sushi master: Cultural reflections of a primatologist]. Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 48(4), 471-473. DOI: http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.gsu.edu/10.1037/000860
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Beran, M. J. (2003). Animal language. In L. Nadel (Ed.)Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (pp. 138-141). London: Macmillan.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. & Beran, M. J. (2003). Language acquisition by animals. In L. Nadel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (pp. 700-707). London: Macmillan.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Beran, M. J., & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (In press). Language. In D.Maestripieri (Ed.), Primate psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (2004). [Review of book The biology of traditions, models and evidence]. International Journal of Primatology, 25, 959-961.
  • Beran, M. J., Pate, J. L., Washburn, D. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (2004). Sequential responding and planning in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Journal of Experimental Psychology:Animal Behavior Processes, 30, 203-212. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0097-7403.30.3.203
  • Beran, M. J., Rumbaugh, D. M., & Washburn, D. A. (2007). Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) maintain learning set despite second-order stimulus-response spatial discontiguity. Psychological Record, 57, 9-22. DOI: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/tpr/vol57/iss1/3/
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., King, J.E., Beran, M. J., Washburn, D. A., & Gould, K. L. , (2007). A Salience theory of learning and behavior – with perspectives on neurobiology and cognition. International Journal of Primatology, (28)5, 973-996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_956
  • Beran, M. J., Klein, E. D., Evans, T. A., Chan, B., Flemming, T. M., Harris, E. H., Washburn, D. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (in press). Discrimination reversal learning in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Psychological Record, 58 (1), 3-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395599
  • Beran, M. J., Washburn, D. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (2007). The Stroop-like Effect in color-naming of color-word lexigrams by a chimpanzee (Pan troglodyte). Journal of General Psychology, 134(2), 217-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/GENP.134.2.217-228
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (in press). Review of book The Primate Mind: Built to Connect With Other Minds (Eds de Waal & Ferrari). Primate Cognition: Do Primates Mind Their Friends and Social Ways? PsychCRITIQUES.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., King, J. E., Beran, M. J., Washburn, D. A., & Gould, K. L. (2007). A salience theory of learning and behavior – with perspectives on neurobiology and cognition. International Journal of Primatology, 28(5), 983-996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-007-9179-8
  • Savage-Rumbaugh, S., Rumbaugh, D. M., & Fields, W. M. (2009). Empirical Kanzi: The ape language controversy revisited.Skeptic, 15(1), 25-34.
  • M. Capitelli, C. Guerra, L. L'Abate, & D. M. Rumbaugh (2009). Science or mind? Reductionism proper, optimal reductionism, emergent interactionism, and synthetic integration. In L. L’Abate, P. De Giacomo, M. Capitelli, & S. Longo (Eds.), Science, mind and creativity: The Bari symposium (pp. 1-22). New York: Nova Science Publishers
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. Sue, King, J. E., & Taglialatela, J. P. (2010). The foundations of primate intelligence and language skills. In D. Broadfield, M.Yuan,
  • K.Schick, & N. Toth, N. (Eds.) The human brain evolving: paleoneurological studies in honor of Ralph L. Holloway, Chapter 18, pp. 287-292. Gosport IN: Stone Age Institute Publication Series Number 4

Books

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  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (Ed.). (1972). Gibbon and Siamang: A Series of Volumes on the Lesser Apes, Vol. 1, Evolution, Ecology, Behavior, and Captive Maintenance. Basel: Karger.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (Ed.) (1973). Gibbon and Siamang: A Series of Volumes on the Lesser Apes, Vol. 2, Anatomy, Dentition, Taxonomy, Molecular Evolution, and Behavior. Basel: Karger.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (Ed.). (1974). Gibbon and Siamang: A Series of Volumes on the Lesser Apes, Vol. 3, Natural History, Social Behavior, Reproduction, Vocalizations, Prehension. Basel: Karger.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (Ed.). (1976). Gibbon and Siamang: A Series of Volumes on the Lesser Apes, Vol. 4, Suspensory Behavior, Locomotion, and Other Behaviors of Captive Gibbons: Cognition. Basel: Karger.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M. (Ed.). (1977). Language Learning by a Chimpanzee:The LANA Project. New York: Academic Press.
  • Krasnegor, N. A., Rumbaugh, D. M., Schiefelbusch, R. L., & Studdert-Kennedy, M. (Eds.). (1991). Biological and behavioral determinants of language development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Rumbaugh, D. M., & Washburn, D. A. (2003). Intelligence of apes and other rational beings. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Hillix, W. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (2004). Animal bodies, human minds. New York: Kluwer/Academic Press.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Pate, Debra Sue; Pate, James L. (2018). "Duane M. Rumbaugh: Some Biography and Early Research". International Journal of Comparative Psychology. 31 (0). ISSN 0889-3667. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e Washburn, David (2017). "Reflections: Tributes to Duane M. Rumbaugh (1929-2017)". Animal Behavior and Cognition. 4 (4): 533–555. doi:10.26451/abc/.04.04.16.2017. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e Washburn, David A.; Beran, Michael J. (July 2018). "Duane M. Rumbaugh (1929–2017)". American Psychologist. 73 (5): 697–697. doi:10.1037/amp0000304. ISSN 1935-990X. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "History — Language Research Center — College of Arts and Sciences — Georgia State University". www2.gsu.edu. Georgia State University. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d Marquez, Jennifer (17 May 2018). "The Lana Legacy - Georgia State University News - College of Arts and Sciences, Research". News Hub. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  6. ^ "Duane M. Rumbaugh". My Central Journey. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d "March 2005". webcache.googleusercontent.com.
  8. ^ Washburn, David A. (2018). "Duane M. Rumbaugh (1929-2017), Comparative Psychologist: Introduction to the Special Issue". International Journal of Comparative Psychology. 31 (0). ISSN 0889-3667. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
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