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Symptoms and Signs Reduced blood flow to the heart associated with coronary ischemia can result in inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle. This oxygen deficiency can produce chest pain or pressure, known as angina pectoris. Angina can be characterized as typical or atypical.

Typical Angina Angina is typically located below the sternum. People experiencing angina characterize the pain in different ways, but the pain is usually described as crushing, squeezing, or burning with symptoms worsening over the course of several minutes. Typical angina is aggravated by physical activity or emotional stress and is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. The pain may radiate to other parts of the body, most commonly the left arm or neck. In some patients, the pain may be less severe and present as pressure or numbness. Less commonly, the pain may radiate to both arms, the jaw, or to the back.

CAD Angina may start to occur when the vessel is 70% occluded.

Consequences Coronary ischemia can have serious consequences if not treated. Plaques in the walls of the coronary arteries can rupture, resulting in occlusion of the artery and depriving heart muscle of blood flow and oxygen and resulting in cardiac cell death. This is known as myocardial infarction or a heart attack. Coronary ischemia resulting from coronary artery disease also increases the risk of developing heart failure, with most cases of heart failure resulting from underlying coronary artery disease. A myocardial infarction carries a greater than fivefold increase in relative risk for developing heart failure.