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P'eng (掤, py péng) - An upward circular movement, forward or backward, yielding or offsetting usually with the arms to disrupt the opponent's centre of gravity, often translated as "Ward Off." Lü (履, lǜ) - A sideways, circular yielding movement, often translated as "Roll Back." Chi (擠, jǐ) - A pressing or squeezing offset in a direction away from the body, usually done with the back of the hand or outside edge of the forearm. Chi is often translated as "Press." An (按, àn) - To offset with the hand, usually a slight lift up with the fingers then a push down with the palm, which can appear as a strike if done quickly. Often translated as "Push." Tsai (採, cǎi) - To pluck or pick downwards with the hand, especially with the fingertips or palm. The word tsai is part of the compound that means to gather, collect or pluck a tea leaf from a branch (採茶, cǎi chá). Often translated "Pluck." Lieh (挒, liè) - Lieh means to separate, to twist or to offset with a spiral motion, often with the metacarpal and carpal bone area of the thumb as the contact point. Lieh is often translated as "Split." Chou (肘, zhǒu) - To strike or push with the elbow. Usually translated as "Elbow Strike" or "Elbow Stroke" or just plain "Elbow." K'ao (靠, kào) - To strike or push with the shoulder or upper back. The word k'ao implies leaning or inclining. Usually translated "Shoulder Strike," "Shoulder Stroke" or "Shoulder." The Five Steps (五步 wǔ bù):

Chin Pu (進步 jìn bù) - Forward step. T'ui Pu (退步 tùi bù) - Backward step. Tsuo Ku (左顧 zǔo gù) - Left step. You P'an (右盼 yòu pàn) - Right step. Chung Ting (中定 zhōng dìng) - The central position, balance, equilibrium. Not just the physical center, but a condition which is expected to be present at all times in the first four steps as well, associated with the concept of rooting (the stability said to be achieved by a correctly aligned, thoroughly relaxed body as a result of correct T'ai Chi training).

Other training exercises include:

Weapons training and fencing applications employing the straight sword known as the jian or chien or gim (jiàn 劍), a heavier curved sabre, sometimes called a broadsword or tao (dāo 刀, which is actually considered a big knife), folding fan, staff (棍), 7 foot (2 m) spear and 13 foot (4 m) lance (both called qiāng 槍). More exotic weapons still used by some traditional styles are the large Da Dao or Ta Tao (大刀) sabre, halberd (jǐ 戟), cane, rope-dart, three sectional staff, lasso, whip, chain whip and steel whip. Two-person tournament sparring (as part of push hands competitions and/or san shou 散手); Breathing exercises; nei kung (內功 nèigōng) or, more commonly, qigong or ch'i kung (氣功 qìgōng) to develop qi or ch'i (氣 qì) or "breath energy" in coordination with physical movement and post standing or combinations of the two. These were formerly taught only to disciples as a separate, complementary training system. In the last 50 years they have become more well known to the general public.

Wu style form list

The 108 postures of the Wu family style of T'ai Chi Ch'uan are listed below. For each unique form name there is a literal translation, the Hong Kong school's translation and then the Shanghai school's translation in italics where they differ, followed by the original Chinese characters:

1. Begin T'ai Chi Form - The Beginning of T'ai Chi - The Preparation Form 太極起式

2. Raise Hands Above Posture - Raise Hands - Raise Hand and Step Up 提手上勢

3. Hand Plays P'i P'a - Play Guitar - Hand Strums the Lute 手揮琵琶

4. Grasp Bird's Tail 攬雀尾

5. Single Whip 單鞭

6. Slant Flying Posture (also known as Slant Single Whip) - Flying Oblique 斜飛勢 (斜單鞭)

7. Raise Hands Above Posture 提手上勢

8. White Crane Spreads Wings - White Stork Flaps its Wings 白鶴亮翅

9. Brush Knee Push Step Left and Right 4 Times - Brush Knee Twist Step 摟膝拗步左右四度

10. Hand Plays P'i P'a 手揮琵琶

11. Step Forward, Deflect, Parry, Punch - Step Up Diverting and Blocking Fist 進步搬攔捶

12. As If Seemingly Sealed Shut (also known as Push Forward) - As if Closing Up 如封似閉 (進按)

13. Carry Tiger to the Mountain - Tiger and Leopard Spring to the Mountain 抱虎歸山

14. Cross Hands 十字手

15. Slant Brush Knee Push Step 斜摟膝拗步

16. Turn Body Brush Knee Push Step 轉身摟膝拗步

17. Grasp Bird's Tail 攬雀尾

18. Single Whip (also known as Slant Single Whip) 單鞭 (斜單鞭)

19. Fist Under Elbow Punch 肘底看捶

20. Fall to Repulse Monkey Left and Right 3 Times 倒攆猴左右三度

21. Slant Flying Posture 斜飛勢

22. Raise Hands Above Posture 提手上勢

23. White Crane Spreads Wings 白鶴亮翅

24. Brush Knee Push Step 摟膝拗步

25. Sea Bottom Needle - Needle at Sea Bottom - Needle at the Bottom of the Sea 海底針

26. Fan Through Back - Play Arms like a Fan 扇通背

27. Rotate Body Away Body Punch - Strike Fist to Back - Parry and Punch 翻身撇身捶

28. Step Back, Deflect, Parry, Punch - Move Step Diverting and Blocking Punch 退步搬攔捶

29. Step Up Grasp Bird's Tail 上步攬雀尾

30. Single Whip 單鞭

31. Cloud Hands (3 Times) 雲手 (三度)

32. Single Whip 單鞭

33. Left High Pat Horse 左高探馬

34. Right Separate Foot Kick - Right Parting Leg 右分腳

35. Right High Pat Horse 右高探馬

36. Left Separate Foot Kick - Left Parting Leg 左分腳

37. Turn Body Kick with Heel - Turn Body Pedalling Foot 轉身蹬腿

38. Brush Knee Push Step Twice 摟膝拗步二度

39. Step Forward Punch Down 進步栽捶

40. Rotate Body Away Body Punch 翻身撇身捶

41. High Pat Horse 高探馬

42. Right Separate Hands 右分手

43. First Raise Foot Kick 一起腳

44. Step Back Seven Stars 退步七星

45. Step Back Hit Tiger Posture - Retreat Step Beat the Tiger 退步打虎勢

46. Second Raise Foot Kick 二起腳

47. Double Peaks Pierce Ears - Strike the Ears with Double Fists 雙峰貫耳

48. Lean Back Kick with Toe - Open Body and Kick 披身踢腿

49. Turn Body Kick with Heel 轉身蹬腿

50. High Pat Horse 高探馬

51. Step Forward, Deflect, Parry, Punch 進步搬攔捶

52. As If Seemingly Sealed Shut (also known as Push Forward) 如封似閉 (進按)

53. Carry Tiger to the Mountain 抱虎歸山

54. Cross Hands 十字手

55. Slant Brush Knee Push Step 斜摟膝拗步

56. Turn Body Brush Knee Push Step 轉身摟膝拗步

57. Grasp Bird's Tail 攬雀尾

58. Single Whip (also known as Slant Single Whip) 單鞭 (斜單鞭)

59. Hand Plays P'i P'a 手揮琵琶

60. Wild Horse Separate Mane - Parting the Wild Horse's Mane 野馬分鬃

61. Hand Plays P'i P'a 手揮琵琶

62. Wild Horse Separate Mane 3 Times 野馬分鬃三度

63. Hand Plays P'i P'a 手揮琵琶

64. Wild Horse Separate Mane 野馬分鬃

65. Jade Lady Works Shuttles Twice - Jade Girl Works at the Shuttle 玉女穿梭二度

66. Hand Plays P'i P'a 手揮琵琶

67. Wild Horse Separate Mane 野馬分鬃

68. Jade Lady Works Shuttles Twice - Jade Girl Works at the Shuttle 玉女穿梭二度

69. Grasp Bird's Tail 攬雀尾

70. Single Whip 單鞭

71. Cloud Hands (3 Times) 雲手 (三度)

72. Single Whip 單鞭

73. Downward Posture (also known as Snake Creeps Down Posture) 下勢 (蛇身下勢)

74. Left Golden Rooster on One Leg - Golden Cockerel Standing on One Leg 左金雞獨立

75. Right Golden Rooster on One Leg 右金雞獨立

76. Fall to Repulse Monkey Left and Right 3 Times 倒攆猴左右三度

77. Cross Slant Flying Posture 橫斜飛勢

78. Raise Hands Above Posture 提手上勢

79. White Crane Spreads Wings 白鶴亮翅

80. Brush Knee Push Step 摟膝拗步

81. Sea Bottom Needle 海底針

82. Fan Through Back 扇通背

83. Rotate Body Away Body Punch 翻身撇身捶

84. Step Up, Deflect, Parry, Punch 上步搬攔捶

85. Step Up Grasp Bird's Tail 上步攬雀尾

86. Single Whip 單鞭

87. Cloud Hands (3 Times) 雲手 (三度)

88. Single Whip 單鞭

89. High Pat Horse 高探馬

90. Slap Face Palm - Palm Goes to Meet the Face 撲面掌

91. Rotate Body Single Swing Lotus - Turn Body Cross Swing Lotus 翻身單擺蓮

92. Brush Knee Push Step 摟膝拗步

93. Step Up Finger Stop Punch - Pointing to the Crotch Punch 上步指擋捶

94. Step Up Grasp Bird's Tail 上步攬雀尾

95. Single Whip 單鞭

96. Downward Posture (also known as Snake Creeps Down Posture) 下勢 (蛇身下勢 )

97. Step Up Seven Stars 上步七星

98. Step Back Ride Tiger 退步跨虎

99. Turn Body Slap Face Palm - Turn Body Hit Face Palm 轉身撲面掌

100. Rotate Body Double Swing Lotus - Turn Body Double Swing Lotus 翻身雙擺蓮

101. Bend Bow Shoot Tiger - Curve Bow Shoot Tiger 彎弓射虎

102. High Pat Horse 高探馬

103. Slap Face Palm 撲面掌

104. Rotate Body Away Body Punch 翻身撇身捶

105. Step Up High Pat Horse 上步高探馬

106. Step Up Grasp Bird's Tail 上步攬雀尾

107. Single Whip 單鞭

108. Conclusion of T'ai Chi - Closing T'ai Chi 合太極

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Family tree

LEGENDARY FIGURES
   |
Zhang Sanfeng*
circa 12th century
NEI CHIA
   |
Wang Zongyue*
T'AI CHI CH'ÜAN
   |
THE 5 MAJOR CLASSICAL FAMILY STYLES
   |
Chen Wangting
1600-1680 9th generation Chen
CHEN STYLE
   |
   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |                                                                   |
Chen Changxing                                                     Chen Youben
1771-1853 14th generation Chen                                     circa 1800s 14th generation Chen
Chen Old Frame                                                     Chen New Frame
   |                                                                   |
Yang Lu-ch'an                                                      Chen Qingping
1799-1872                                                          1795-1868
YANG STYLE                                                         Chen Small Frame, Zhao Bao Frame
   |                                                                   |
   +---------------------------------+-----------------------------+   |
   |                                 |                             |   |
Yang Pan-hou                      Yang Chien-hou                   Wu Yu-hsiang
1837-1892                         1839-1917                        1812-1880
Yang Small Frame                     |                             WU/HAO STYLE
   |                                 +-----------------+                      |
   |                                 |                 |                      |
Wu Ch'uan-yü                      Yang Shao-hou     Yang Ch'eng-fu          Li I-yü
1834-1902                         1862-1930         1883-1936               1832-1892
   |                              Yang Small Frame  Yang Big Frame            |
Wu Chien-ch'üan                                        |                    Hao Wei-chen
1870-1942                                           Yang Shou-chung         1849-1920
WU STYLE                                            1910-1985                 |
108 Form                                                                      |
   |                                                                        Sun Lu-t'ang
Wu Kung-i                                                                   1861-1932
1900-1970                                                                   SUN STYLE
   |                                                                          |
Wu Ta-kuei                                                                  Sun Hsing-i
1923-1970                                                                   1891-1929                               
MODERN FORMS        
                                      
from Yang Ch`eng-fu                     
        |               
        |              
        |                         
        +--------------+      
        |              |       
  Cheng Man-ch'ing |   
  1901-1975            |    
  Short (37) Form      |     
                       |
              Chinese Sports Commission
              1956
              Beijing 24 Form
              .
              .
              1989
              42 Competition Form
              (Wushu competition form combined from Sun, Wu, Chen, and Yang styles)