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Halorespiration or dehalorespiration is the use of halogenated compounds as terminal electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration.[1][2] Halorespiration can play a part in microbial biodegradation. The most common substrates are chlorinated aliphatics (PCE, TCE), chlorinated phenols. Dehalorespiring bacteria are highly diverse. This trait is found in some proteobacteria, chloroflexi (green nonsulfur bacteria), low G+C gram positive Clostridia.[3] and ultramicrobacteria.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Holliger, C.; Wohlfarth, G.; Diekert, G. (1998). "Reductive dechlorination in the energy metabolism of anaerobic bacteria". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 22 (5): 383. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1998.tb00377.x.
- ^ Jugder, Bat-Erdene; Ertan, Haluk; Bohl, Susanne; Lee, Matthew; Marquis, Christopher P.; Manefield, Michael (2016). "Organohalide Respiring Bacteria and Reductive Dehalogenases: Key Tools in Organohalide Bioremediation". Frontiers in Microbiology. 7. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00249. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 4771760. PMID 26973626.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Hiraishi, A. (2008). "Biodiversity of Dehalorespiring Bacteria with Special Emphasis on Polychlorinated Biphenyl/Dioxin Dechlorinators". Microbes and Environments. 23 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1264/jsme2.23.1. PMID 21558680.
- ^ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0026261712040054
Edits - Halorespiration
Halorespiration or dehalorespiration is the use of halogenated compounds as terminal electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration.[1][2] Halorespiration can play a part in microbial biodegradation. The most common substrates are chlorinated aliphatics (PCE, TCE), chlorinated phenols. Dehalorespiring bacteria are highly diverse. This trait is found in some proteobacteria, chloroflexi (green nonsulfur bacteria), low G+C gram positive Clostridia.[3] and ultramicrobacteria.[4]
Uses in Bioremediation
[edit]An ecologically significant aspect of bacterial halorespiration is the reduction of Polychloroethene (PCE) and Trichloroethene (TCE); anthropogenic pollutants with high neuro and hepatotoxicity.[5] Their presence as environmental pollutants arose from their common industrial use as metal-degreasing agents from the 1920s - 1970.[6] These xenobiotic compounds tend to form partially insoluble layers called dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) at the bottom of groundwater aquifers, which solubilize in a slow, reservoir-like manner, making TCE and PCE among the most common groundwater pollutants.[7]
A commonly used strategy for the removal of TCE and PCE from groundwater is the use of bioremediation via enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD).[8] ERD involves in-situ injections of dehalorespiring bacteria, among fermentable organic substrates serving as electron donors, while the two pollutants, TCE and PCE, act as the electron acceptors.[8] This facilitates the sequential dechlorination of PCE and TCE into noxious cis-dichloroethene (DCE) and Vinyl chloride (VC), which then suit as electron acceptors for the full dechlorination into innocuous ethene[8].
A wide array of bacteria across different genera have the capacity to partially dechlorinate PCE and TCE into cis-DCE and VC[8]. One such example of this is the Magnetospirillum bacterium, strain MS-1, which can reduce PCE into cis-DCE under aerobic conditions.[9] However, these daughter substrates have higher toxicity profiles than their parent compounds.[8] As such, effective dechlorination of cis-DCE and VC into innocuous ethene is crucial for bioremediation of PCE and TCE-contaminated aquifers.[8] Currently, bacteria of the Dehalococcoides genera are the only known organisms that can fully dechlorinate PCE into ethene. This is due to their specific transmembrane reductive dehalogenases (RDases) that metabolize the chlorine atoms on the xenobiotic pollutants for cellular energy.[10] In particular, Dehalococcoides isolates VS and BAV1 encode Vinyl Chloride RDases, which metabolize VC into innocuous ethene, making them required species in ERD systems used in bioremediation of PCE and TCE.[10] Boyan Tsankov (talk) 04:03, 11 October 2017 (UTC)
Citations
[edit]- ^ Holliger, C.; Wohlfarth, G.; Diekert, G. (1998). "Reductive dechlorination in the energy metabolism of anaerobic bacteria". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 22 (5): 383. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1998.tb00377.x.
- ^ Jugder, Bat-Erdene; Ertan, Haluk; Bohl, Susanne; Lee, Matthew; Marquis, Christopher P.; Manefield, Michael (2016). "Organohalide Respiring Bacteria and Reductive Dehalogenases: Key Tools in Organohalide Bioremediation". Frontiers in Microbiology. 7. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00249. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 4771760. PMID 26973626.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Hiraishi, A. (2008). "Biodiversity of Dehalorespiring Bacteria with Special Emphasis on Polychlorinated Biphenyl/Dioxin Dechlorinators". Microbes and Environments. 23 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1264/jsme2.23.1. PMID 21558680.
- ^ Duda, V. I.; Suzina, N. E.; Polivtseva, V. N.; Boronin, A. M. (2012-07-01). "Ultramicrobacteria: Formation of the concept and contribution of ultramicrobacteria to biology". Microbiology. 81 (4): 379–390. doi:10.1134/S0026261712040054. ISSN 0026-2617.
- ^ Ruder, AM (September 2006). "Potential health effects of occupational chlorinated solvent exposure". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1076: 207–227 – via PubMed.
- ^ Bakke, Berit; Stewart, Patricia A.; Waters, Martha A. (November 2007). "Uses of an Exposure to Trichloroethylene in U.S Industry: A Systematic Literature Review". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 5: 375–390 – via UBC Summon.
- ^ Dugat-Bony, Eric (March 2012). "In situ TCE degradation mediated by complex dehalorespiring communities during biostimulation processes". Microbial Biotechnology. 5: 642–653. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7915.2012.00339.x – via UBC Summon.
- ^ a b c d e f Scheutz, Charlotte (November 2008). "Concurrent ethene generation and growth of Dehalococcoides containing vinyl chloride reductive dehalogenase genes during an enhanced reductive dechlorination field demonstration". Environmental Science & Technology. 42: 9302–9309 – via ACS Publications.
- ^ Sharma, Pramod K (March 1996). "Isolation and Characterization of a Facultatively Aerobic Bacterium That Reductively Dehalogenates Tetrachloroethene to cis-1,2-Dichloroethene" (PDF). Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 62: 761–765 – via National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b Khoshnood, Behrang (August 2015). "Genome Closing and Transcription Kinetics for RDase Genes in Dehalococcoides and Their Prevalence in a Wastewater Treatment Plant". National University of Singapore Libraries – via Proquest.