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Charcoal in food is an activated charcoal. It is a carbon that has been 'activated' by being subjected to high temperature processing. It is a black substance made of bamboo, olive pits, petroleum, coke, coal, coconut shells, and sawdust. It has been specially processed to increase its surface area and boost its ability to adsorb (not absorb) certain substances. Activated charcoal, unlike typical charcoal, has been treated in such a manner that it has a large surface area as well as numerous pores and channels on its surface, allowing it to connect to molecules and contaminants in ways that regular charcoal cannot.

Activated charcoal provides more than simply a striking black color to cuisine. Chefs and food producers continue to use activated charcoal due to its adaptability. It acts as a natural food coloring, producing distinct black or gray tones in foods such as ice cream, bread, and drinks. Activated charcoal can slightly improve other tastes by absorbing bitter or harsh ingredients. It may be used to cleanse water for cooking, increasing its flavor and removal of certain contaminants.[1]

Safety and risk[edit]

Activated charcoal can aid certain toxins from the digestive system through a process called adsorption. This occurs because activated charcoal possesses a highly porous structure, dramatically increasing its surface area. The pores in activated charcoal can trap chemicals and other substances when it is in the stomach. This interrupts the drug or chemicals from absorbing into the bloodstream to prevent it from traveling to organs and tissues and causing damage or worse.[1]

There are many ways of consuming activated charcoal. The most common way is by adding charcoal powder to water to make a detox juice, or by sprinkling it over your food as a garnish. A simpler way to consume activated charcoal is in the form of pills and capsules. It goes into the gut directly, and immediately starts working on absorbing substances. Here are some benefits of consuming it.[2]

People using medical treatment, such as birth control pills and medication for depression. They should avoid novelty meals or beverages with activated charcoal coloring, as they can render the drug ineffective.[3][4]

Clarification[edit]

Charcoal and Activated charcoal vary significantly in terms of composition, manufacturing process, applications, and effectiveness.

Charcoal mostly consists of carbon, ash, water, and gasses. Activated charcoal, on the other hand, is primarily carbon but gets an extra activation process. It results in a higher surface area and porous structure. This structure makes it efficient to trap pollutants and poisons.[5]

The production process for normal charcoal involves heating wood in a limited oxygen environment. Activated charcoal is made by heating charcoal in a hot tank without oxygen. It is then exposed to argon and nitrogen and reheated. During the second heating, the charcoal is exposed to oxygen and steam. The pores created in this process are what give it its medicinal use.[5]

History[edit]

Ancient times[edit]

Charcoal has been used as a cooking fuel since Ancient times. The Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans all used charcoal for various reasons, including smelting, blacksmithing, and, of course, cooking. It is impossible to overstate the importance of charcoal in the evolution of early cooking processes. It was the preferred fuel for open-fire cooking. It is still enjoyed by barbecue aficionados today.[6]

Industrial Revolution[edit]

During the medieval and Renaissance centuries, charcoal remained a key factor in the cooking sector. Cooking skills advanced with the development of charcoal-fueled ovens and stoves. This transformed the way food was prepared. Besides its functional use, charcoal cooking had historical and social importance at the time, since it was frequently connected with community meetings and cheerful events.[6]

Industrial Revolution[edit]

The manufacturing and usage of charcoal underwent significant changes during the Industrial Revolution. The introduction of charcoal fires enabled widely used manufacturing of the fuel, meeting increasing demands. However, there was also an increase away from charcoal in favor of other fuel sources such as coal and gas. Despite the transition, charcoal has managed to keep its position across multiple industries, especially cooking.[6]

Application in culinary[edit]

Activated charcoal is commonly used as a natural food for coloring and cleaning purposes. Its efficacy in absorbing toxin properties. This makes it a good ingredient for creating detox food and drink. These were claims more based in marketing and advertising than in scientific evidence.

Activated charcoal's deep black color undoubtedly creates a visual effect in bread. Its impact goes beyond aesthetics. This ingredient might change the bread's texture, potentially leading to a denser and less elastic texture due to its moisture absorption properties. The effect of charcoal on shelf life, ash content, and even dough handling. Activated charcoal interferes with gluten formation and makes the dough stiffer.[7]

Charcoal ice cream is simply ice cream with added charcoal, or a combination of charcoal and food coloring. Before creating ice cream, fine charcoal is put into the foundation which may be black. It can be combined with frozen yogurt, soft serve, gelato, or another similar frozen delicacy. If you are on prescription medication, you should not eat charcoal ice cream. Furthermore, it could reduce the availability of nutrients from the food you eat. Thus, it should not be consumed on a regular basis.[8]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Uses of activated charcoal in food and is it healthy". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  2. ^ Pfab, Rudolf; Schmoll, Sabrina; Dostal, Gabriele; Stenzel, Jochen; Hapfelmeier, Alexander; Eyer, Florian (2017-01-01). "Single dose activated charcoal for gut decontamination: Application by medical non-professionals -a prospective study on availability and practicability". Toxicology Reports. 4: 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.12.007. ISSN 2214-7500.
  3. ^ Pfab, Rudolf; Schmoll, Sabrina; Dostal, Gabriele; Stenzel, Jochen; Hapfelmeier, Alexander; Eyer, Florian (2017-01-01). "Single dose activated charcoal for gut decontamination: Application by medical non-professionals -a prospective study on availability and practicability". Toxicology Reports. 4: 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.12.007. ISSN 2214-7500.
  4. ^ McCarthy, Amy (2017-06-07). "Should You Be Eating Activated Charcoal?". Eater. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  5. ^ a b Silberman, Jason; Galuska, Michael A.; Taylor, Alan (2024), "Activated Charcoal", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 29493919, retrieved 2024-04-04
  6. ^ a b c "The History of Charcoal and its Evolution in Cooking". Hillside Woodfuels. 2023-11-07. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  7. ^ Gonzalez, Manolo; Reyes, Isabel; Carrera-Tarela, Yazuri; Vernon-Carter, Eduardo Jaime; Alvarez-Ramirez, Jose (2020-10-01). "Charcoal bread: Physicochemical and textural properties, in vitro digestibility, and dough rheology". International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science. 21: 100227. doi:10.1016/j.ijgfs.2020.100227. ISSN 1878-450X.
  8. ^ Hoegberg, Lotte Christine Groth; Angelo, Helle Riis; Christophersen, Anne Bolette; Christensen, Hanne Rolighed (18 November 2003). "The Effect of Food and Ice Cream on the Adsorption Capacity of Paracetamol to High Surface Activated Charcoal: In vitro Studies". Pharmacology & Toxicology. 93 (5): 233–237. doi:10.1046/j.1600-0773.2003.pto930506.x. ISSN 0901-9928.