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Records of the history of music in Rostock stretch back to the 13th century. The largest city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rostock is an important cultural center in Northern Germany.
Medieval and Renaissance period
[edit]The earliest known records of musical activity in Rostock date to the late 13th century. There are records of the instrumentalists Herbordus ‘timponator’ (1287), Stacius ‘basunre’ (1288), and Johannes ‘lireman’ (1288) serving in the capacity of civic musicians. Many 14th and 15th century records have survived listing the names of town musicians, minstrels, and organists. In the 15th century the town had music posts for 'fistulatores', 'piper', and 'bassuner'. A fourth position, 'kunstspielleute', was added in the 16th century.
In 1419 the University of Rostock was established; one of the oldest universities in Northern Europe. At that institution the Rostocker Liederbuch, a collection of 51 late medieval songs in German and Latin, was compiled from 1465-1487.
The 16th century Protestant Reformer and clergyman Joachim Slüter published the first hymn books in Low German in Rostock in 1525 and 1531.
Baroque period
[edit]In 1623 the Rostock city council appointed Balthasar Kirchhof as the first director of instrumental music. Composer and music theorist Joachim Burmeister (1564-1629) was educated as Rostock University, and then taught at the Rostock town school while also serving as a cantor at the St. Mary's Church, Rostock from 1589-1593. He was then a Magister and cantor at St. Nicholas Church, Rostock from 1593-1629. Burmeister published three important treatises on music theory and composition in addition to authoring numerous hymns and a few motets. His writing employed a rhetorical doctrine to music, and his conception of musical syntax and grammar were revolutionary ideas for his time.
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| Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Musical | |
|---|---|
| Awarded for | Best Musical |
| Location | New York City |
| Presented by | Outer Critics Circle |
| Currently held by | Moulin Rouge! (2020) |
| Website | TonyAwards.com |
The Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Musical is given annually to the best new Broadway musical, as determined by Outer Critics Circle. The award is one of the ceremony's longest-standing awards, having been presented each year since 1951. The award goes to the producers of the winning musical. A musical is eligible for consideration in a given year if it has not previously been produced on Broadway and is not "determined... to be a 'classic' or in the historical or popular repertoire", otherwise it may be considered for Best Revival of a Musical.[1]
Best Musical is the final award presented at the Tony Awards ceremony. Excerpts from the musicals that are nominated for this award are usually performed during the ceremony before this award is presented.
This is a list of winners and nominations for the Tony Award for Best Musical.
Winners and nominees
[edit]
1950s
[edit]| Season | Musical | Book | Music | Lyrics | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949-1950 | |||||
| The Consul | Gian Carlo Menotti | [2] | |||
| 1950-1951 | |||||
| Guys and Dolls | Abe Burrows & Jo Swerling | Frank Loesser | [3] | ||
| 1951-1952 | |||||
| No award given | [4] | ||||
| 1952-1953 | |||||
| Wonderful Town | Jerome Chodorov & Joseph Fields | Leonard Bernstein | Betty Comden & Adolph Green | [5] | |
| 1953-1954 | |||||
| Kismet | Luther Davis & Charles Lederer | Alexander Borodin | Chet Forrest & Bob Wright | [6] | |
| 1954-1955 | |||||
| 3 for Tonight | Walter Schumann | Robert Wells | [7] | ||
| 1955-1956 | |||||
| My Fair Lady | Alan Jay Lerner | Frederick Loewe | Lerner | [8] | |
| 1956-1957 | |||||
| Awarded to the New York City Center Light Opera Company for their productions of Lerner and Loewe's Brigadoon and Rodgers and Hammerstein's Carousel | [9] | ||||
| 1957-1958 | |||||
| The Music Man | Franklin Lacey & Meredith Willson | Willson | [10] | ||
| 1958-1959 | |||||
| No award given | [11] | ||||
1960s
[edit]1970s
[edit]1980s
[edit]1990s
[edit]2000s
[edit]2010s
[edit]2020s
[edit]| Season | Musical | Book | Music | Lyrics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-2021 74th Tony Awards | ||||
| Moulin Rouge! | John Logan | Various | ||
| Jagged Little Pill | Diablo Cody | Glen Ballard & Alanis Morissette | Morissette | |
| Tina | Katori Hall, Frank Ketelaar & Kees Prins | Various | ||
Records
[edit]Accumulated records as of 2019:[14]
- The Producers has won the most Tonys, winning in 12 categories, including Best Musical.
- Hamilton is the most-nominated production in Tony history, with 16 nominations.
- The Sound of Music and Fiorello! are the only two musicals to date to have ever tied for the Best Musical award (in 1960).
- Passion is the shortest-running winner, with 280 performances.
- The Phantom of the Opera is the longest-running Best Musical winner, with 16 previews and 13,370 performances before performances were temporarily suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Hallelujah, Baby! is the only show thus far to have won the Tony Award for Best Musical after closing.
- Fun Home is the first musical written entirely by a team of women to win the Tony Award for Best Musical.
- Kiss Me, Kate and Titanic are the only two shows to win the Tony Award for Best Musical without any Tony nominations in the acting categories. (In Kiss Me, Kate's case, only winners were announced that year, and only in the lead performance categories.)
- What is now the Richard Rodgers Theatre has housed more Best Musical winners than any other theater on Broadway: Guys and Dolls (1951), Damn Yankees (1956), Redhead (1959), How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (1962), 1776 (1969), Raisin (1974), A Chorus Line (1976), Nine (1982), In the Heights (2008), and Hamilton (2016).
- The Mystery of Edwin Drood was the first winner of the Tony Award for Best Musical to be entirely written by one man, Rupert Holmes. Rent (by Jonathan Larson) and Hamilton (by Lin-Manuel Miranda) also achieved this feat. Hadestown is the first musical entirely written by one woman, Anaïs Mitchell, to win this award.
- The 74th Tony Awards (2020) is the first ceremony in which only jukebox musicals were nominated.
See also
[edit]- Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical
- Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical
- Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical
- List of Tony Award and Olivier Award winning musicals
References
[edit]- ^ Staff (undated). "Rules & Voting". tonyawards.com. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ "Outer Circle Names 'Bests'". The New York Times. April 25, 1950. p. 27.
- ^ "Outer Circle Names 'Best'". The New York Times. May 2, 1951. p. 47.
- ^ Louis Calta (April 24, 1952). "ROSS, POVAH SIGN FOR PLAY AT ANTA: They Will Have Leading Roles in 'Sunday Breakfast,' Slated for Premiere on May 21". The New York Times. p. 39.
- ^ "DESIGNS BY EX-MODEL; Modish Dash Seen in Maternity Fashions by Helene Scott; Outer Circle Selects Picnic". The New York Times. April 22, 1953. p. 35.
- ^ "Sullivan to Replace Fonda; Outer Circle awards to Caine Mutiny Court-Martial and Kismet". The New York Times. April 24, 1954. p. 15.
- ^ "Writers Cite 'Inherit the Wind'". The New York Times. April 27, 1955. p. 27.
- ^ "CRITICS AWARD SCROLLS; Outer Circle Cites 'My Fair Lady' and 'Anne Frank'". The New York Times. May 27, 1956. p. 88.
- ^ "OUTER CIRCLE AWARDS; Theatre Writers Name Play by O'Neill Season's Best". The New York Times. May 3, 1957. p. 20.
- ^ "Outer Circle Gives Citations; Outer Circle awards to Look Homeward Angel, Music Man, J Papp, others". The New York Times. April 8, 1958. p. 34.
- ^ "Outer Circle Gives Awards". The New York Times. May 1, 1959. p. 36.
- ^ OUTER CIRCLE AWARDS: Out-of-Town Newsmen List Annual Stage Winners. May 13, 1960. p. 26.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ "OUTER CIRCLE GIVES AWARDS TOMORROW". The New York Times. June 7, 1962. p. 31.
- ^ "Facts About the Tony Awards". Tony Legacy. The American Theatre Wing. 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.