Mlatišuma

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Mlatišuma
Birth nameStaniša Marković
Nickname(s)Mlatišuma
Born1664
Vražegrmci, Bjelopavlići, Ottoman Empire (modern Montenegro)
Died1740
AllegianceHabsburg monarchy
Years of service1716–1740
Rankobercapitain
UnitSerbian Militia (1718–39)
Battles/wars

Staniša Marković (Serbian Cyrillic: Станиша Марковић; 1664–1740), known as Mlatišuma (Млатишума), was a Habsburg Serbian obercapitain of Kragujevac. He had joined the Austrians in the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18, and after the victorious war and occupation of central Serbia (the Kingdom of Serbia) he was given the rank of Obercapitain, governing Kragujevac, and commanding the Serbian Militia (1718–39) alongside Vuk Isaković. In peace-time, he was sent to what is today Montenegro to incite an anti-Ottoman rebellion; a short-lived uprising broke out in which his personal unit participated. In 1734–35 he founded the Drača Monastery in Kragujevac. When the Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39) broke out, Serbs were mobilized and Mlatišuma led forces in numerous campaigns. He is regarded as a hero and enumerated in Serbian epic poetry.

Early life[edit]

According to Sima Milutinović Sarajlija, Staniša Marković was born in a village below the Ostrog monastery, in Bjelopavlići (present day Montenegro).[1][2] His family hailed from Novi Pazar.[3] With the failure of the Austro-Serbian campaign during the Great Turkish War (1683–99), a large migration of Serbs ensued into Habsburg territories in 1690.

Career[edit]

Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18[edit]

He joined the Habsburg side during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18,[4] which saw the second occupation of central Serbia (Sanjak of Smederevo) after the Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1686–91).[5] The Serbs established a Hajduk army that supported the Austrians.[6]

Upon the peace treaty and establishment of the Kingdom of Serbia (1718–39), Mlatišuma received the rank of Obercapitain (First Captain) of Kragujevac[4]in payment for his services.

Interwar period[edit]

The Kragujevac district, one of the most important and dangerous in the Serbian Military Frontier (Militärgrenze) due to its proximity to the Ottoman border, was put under Mlatišuma's command together with one of the hajduk companies in charge of direct border protection. In addition, he was also the second highest authority of the whole Serbian militia below the supreme commander Major Vuk Isaković. He was responsible for reporting to the Central Command in Belgrade the outbreak of an alleged vampire epidemic in Kragujevac that is dated to April 1725, making it the first official report of vampirism in the Military Frontier.[7] In other parts of Habsburg ruled Kingdom of Serbia similar cases followed, in which at least one Mlatišuma was involved, after which the Serbian word vampir entered German and later other world languages.

He was sent to the Highlands (Brda), to incite rebellion in eight tribes: Vasojevići (led by vojvoda Vuksan Bojović), Bratonožići, Drekalovići (led by Radonja Petrović), Piperi, Rovce, Bjelopavlići, Pješivci, and Lutovci.[8] Petrović was according to sources the leader of these tribes, who could ready 2,000 men in one day.[8] Mlatišuma arrived in Kuči in 1729.[9] He met with Radonja Petrović with whom he sought to mobilize Brda against the Ottomans. When talks were underway between Radonja Petrović and the Austrian feltmarschal, an uprising broke out in Montenegro.[10] Radonja's rebels and Serbian troops, and an auxiliary force of Mlatišuma, attacked the local Muslims.[11] According to the Serbian plan, they were to take over Novi Pazar, Rožaje, Bijelo Polje and Peć.[11]

He founded the Monastery of Drača in Kragujevac, completed on 5 October 1734.[12] There is a ktetor portrait of him.[13][14]

Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39)[edit]

Main articles: Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39) and Serbian Militia (1718–39)

A new war broke out, and the Serbian Militia and Mlatišuma were mobilized.[15] The Military Governor notified the people of the organization of the Militia in Serbia to set up outposts along the Habsburg–Ottoman border.[16] The population quickly responded, and, beside the regular army under the two ober-kapetans and fifteen (unter-)kapetans, 13 companies of "hajduks" were collected, who were to be used for protection of the border and other services.[16] The army was divided into 18 companies, in four groups.[17] The most notable obercapitains were Vuk Isaković from Crna Bara, Mlatišuma and Kosta Dimitrijević from Paraćin.[6] In Kragujevac, there were two companies of 500 soldiers each.

His forces attacked Užice.[18] Mlatišuma's forces liberated Kruševac on 20 July 1737[19] and carried much cattle.[20] Colonel Lentulus ordered that part of the cattle be returned to the population, the second part was sent to Sekendorf, the third held by the colonel to the need of his army.[20]

On 7 January 1739 he led attacks in Morava and Rudnik.[21]

He had settled 1,000 Christians in Habsburg territory after the war, during what is known as the "Second Great Migration". He was imprisoned in 1740, and is believed to have died the same year.

Legacy[edit]

He is enumerated in Serbian epic poetry, collected by Vuk Karadžić (1787–1864).[22] Sima Milutinović Sarajlija (1791–1847) wrote about him.[2] The Šumanović brotherhood in Crna Bara claim kindred.[23]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Milutinović 1835, p. 36.
  2. ^ a b Milićević 1901, p. 100.
  3. ^ Velimir Mihajlović (1992). Ime po zapovesti: imperativni onomastikon srpskohrvatskog jezika. Nolit. ISBN 9788619019569.
  4. ^ a b Đorđević & Čolović 1984, p. 105.
  5. ^ Skopsko naučno društvo 1938, p. 173.
  6. ^ a b Поповић 1950, p. 42.
  7. ^ Marín, Álvaro García (2021-01-01). "Analysis of a 1725 Report of Vampirism in Kragujevac". Journal of Vampire Studies.
  8. ^ a b Istorijski muzej Srbije 1984, p. 34.
  9. ^ Archivum philologicum et linguisticum. Matica srpska. 1973. p. 134.
  10. ^ Ivo Cecić; Igor Gostl, eds. (1955). Enciklopedija Jugoslavije. Jugoslavenski leksikografski zavod. p. 344. ISBN 9788670530133. Crnogorski vojvoda Radonja Petrovic podnio je feldmarsalu zahtjev o zajednickoj akciji protiv Turaka trazeci da u slucaju pobjede ustanici ostanu na sluzbi austrijskog feldmarsala. Dok su vodeni pregovori, buk- nuo je narodni ustanak u ...
  11. ^ a b Raif Hajdaparšić (1996). Kolašinska kapetanija i bošnjački narod. Udruženje Bošnjaka Porijeklom iz Sandžaka. Na čelu ustanka bio je kučki vojvoda Radonja Petrović. Na bošnjake iz tih krajeva krenula je i srpska vojska iz Kragujevca, pojačana sa jednim odredom policije koju je predvodio .Staniša Marković. Prema planu Srbije, trebalo je da zauzmu Prema planu Srbije, trebalo je da zauzmu sljedeća mjesta: Novi Pazar, Rožaj, Bijelo Polje i Peć. U isto vrijeme napadnut je i Bihor, gdje su srpske jedinice doprle do Godijeva, u kojem je smješten štab srpske vojske u kući Mustafe Sijarića.
  12. ^ Srbadija: časopis za zabavu pouku. Vol. 2. 1882. p. 245. 1734. српски оборкапетан Станиша Млатишума удари темељ манастиру Драчи у крагујевачком округу и доврши грађевину исте године 5 (16) октобра.
  13. ^ Zbornik, srednovekovna umetnost. Vol. 3–4. Muzej na Makedonija. 2001. ... манир поседуваат и сликарите на Дра- ча кои работеле во Србија под австриска власт и ги извеле фреските за ктиторот оберкапетан Стојан Млатишума.135 Фреските во Драча се сликани во годините кога се подготвувал соју- ...
  14. ^ Dimitrije M. Kalezić (2002). Enciklopedija pravoslavlja. Savremena administracija. p. 588. ISBN 9788638706716.
  15. ^ Vlado St Marijan (2005). Srpska istorijska čitanka: Istorija Srba u XVIII veku prema odabranim istorijskim izvorima. Dosije.
  16. ^ a b Skopsko naučno društvo 1938, p. 175
  17. ^ Radovan M. Drašković (1987). Valjevo u prošlosti: prilozi za zavičajnu istoriju. Milić Rakić. p. 22. ISBN 9788671730082. Хајдучка војска била је подељена на 18 компанија, које су се распореЬивале у 4 групе.
  18. ^ Stevan Ignjić (1967). Užice i okolina 1862-1914. Novinska ustanova "Vesti,". ... стратегијски значај Ужица које представља центар турске одбране у западној Србији. Приликом аустријског напада на град 1737. године учествује и српска милиција под руководством Ста- иише Марковића, Косте Параћинца, ...
  19. ^ Milosav M. Đorđević (2000). Razbojna. Kulturno prosvetna zajednica Srbije. Јула 1737. године српска милиција под командом обер-капетана Ста- нише Марковића-Млатишуме је ослободила Крушевац. У Крушевцу је затим организована скупштина народних ...
  20. ^ a b Istorijski muzej Srbije 1984, p. 35.
  21. ^ M. Đ Milićević (1876). Knez̆evina Srbija: Geografija--Crografija--Hidrografija--Topografija--Arkeologija--Istorija--Etnografija--Statistika--Prosveta--Kultura--Uprava. Sloboda. „Године 1739, 7 Јануара, оборкапетан Станиша пошао је да узнемирује пашу јагодинског, и да сШали турски мост на Морави ; но како су се Турци томе надали и осигурали се, то се, Станиша обрне на Рудник, и ту примора турски ...
  22. ^ Вук Стефановиђ Караджиђ (1935). Српски рјечник, истумачен њемечкијем и латинскијем ријечима. Штампарији Краљевине Југославије.
  23. ^ Petar Šobajić (1996). Bjelopavlići i Pješivci. Cid. ISBN 9788649500129.

Sources[edit]

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