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[[File:PikiWiki Israel 7700 independence war memorial in bat-yam.jpg|thumb|Defenders Square]]
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 7700 independence war memorial in bat-yam.jpg|thumb|Defenders Square]]


'''Bat Yam''' ({{lang-he-n|בַּת יָם}} or {{Hebrew|בַּת־יָם}} <small>{{Audio|Bat yam.ogg|(audio)}}</small>) is a city located on [[Israel]]'s [[Mediterranean Sea]] coast, on the central coastal strip just south of [[Tel Aviv]]. It is part of the [[Gush Dan]] [[metropolitan area]], in the [[Tel Aviv District]]. In 2020, it had a population of 160,000.
'''Bat Yam''' ({{lang-he-n|בַּת יָם}} or {{Hebrew|בַּת־יָם}} <small>{{Audio|Bat yam.ogg|(audio)}}</small>) is a city located on [[Israel]]'s [[Mediterranean Sea]] coast, on the central coastal strip just south of [[Tel Aviv]]. It is part of the [[Gush Dan]] [[metropolitan area]], in the [[Tel Aviv District]]. In 2020, it had a population of 160,000.<ref>[https://primepropertyisrael.com/bat-yam-israels-new-riviera/ Bat Yam – Israel’s New Riviera]</ref>
==History==
==History==
{{Historical populations
{{Historical populations
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|source =CBS<ref name="autogeneratedil">{{cite web|url=http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_15&CYear=2012 |title=Statistical Abstract of Israel 2012 – No. 63 Subject 2 – Table No. 15 |publisher=.cbs.gov.il |accessdate=2013-08-08 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020040546/http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_15&CYear=2012 |archivedate=2013-10-20 }}</ref>
|source =CBS<ref name="autogeneratedil">{{cite web|url=http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_15&CYear=2012 |title=Statistical Abstract of Israel 2012 – No. 63 Subject 2 – Table No. 15 |publisher=.cbs.gov.il |accessdate=2013-08-08 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020040546/http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_15&CYear=2012 |archivedate=2013-10-20 }}</ref>
}}
}}
Bat Yam, originally Bayit Vegan (“House and Garden”), was founded in 1919 by the Bayit Vegan homeowners association, affiliated with the [[Hamizrachi]] movement. The association was formed to establish a religious garden suburb in Jaffa. By March 1920, it had 400 members. In 1921, 1,500 dunams of land were purchased, of which 1,400 were formally registered by 1923. In September 1924, an urban plan was approved by the association. In early 1926, the plots were divided up and a lottery was held to determine who would build first. By October 1926, roads and water supply were complete. Six families settled on the land in cabins. According to a report in 1927, ten houses were under construction. A synagogue was dedicated in October 1928. By then there were 13 families were living in Bat Yam and a total of 20 houses.
⚫
Bat Yam was established in 1926 as ''Bayit VeGan'' ({{lang-he-n|בית וגן}}; House and Garden). In 1930, it was resettled. In 1936, it was granted [[local council (Israel)|local council]] status. In 1937 it was renamed ''Bat Yam''.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Notice (23rd December 1937) | journal = The Palestine Gazette| volume = 745 | year = 1937 | page = 1287 | author = W. D. Battershill}}</ref> By 1945, 2,000 Jews were living in Bat Yam.<ref>Government of Palestine, ''Village Statistics, 1945'', p52.</ref> According to the [[Jewish National Fund]], in 1947 it had a population of 4,000.<ref name="JNF 1948">{{cite book | title=Jewish Villages in Israel | author=Jewish National Fund | year=1949 | publisher=Hamadpis Liphshitz Press | location=Jerusalem | page=12| author-link=Jewish National Fund }}</ref>
In the wake of the 1929 riots, the residents were evacuated by the British army and their homes were turned into barracks. The soldiers left at the end of 1931. In 1932, the residents began to return and were joined by others. In November 1933, 85 families were living in the neighborhood. By early 1936, there were 300 homes and a population of 140. Local industry began to develop, a movie theatre opened and a hotel was established. The first school, Tachkemoni, founded in 1936.
⚫
In December 1936, Bayit Vegan was declared a local council. It encompassed 3,500 dunams, 370 dunams of which were Arab-owned. In December 1937, the name was formally changed to Bat Yam (literally “daughter of the sea”).<ref>{{cite journal | title = Notice (23rd December 1937) | journal = The Palestine Gazette| volume = 745 | year = 1937 | page = 1287 | author = W. D. Battershill}}</ref> By 1945, 2,000 Jews were living in Bat Yam.<ref>Government of Palestine, ''Village Statistics, 1945'', p52.</ref> In 1936-1939, the town was cut off from Tel Aviv because the road ran though Jaffa, leading to the construction of a new road via [[Holon]]. According to the [[Jewish National Fund]], the population had risen to 4,000 by 1947.<ref name="JNF 1948">{{cite book | title=Jewish Villages in Israel | author=Jewish National Fund | year=1949 | publisher=Hamadpis Liphshitz Press | location=Jerusalem | page=12| author-link=Jewish National Fund }}</ref>


⚫
Following the vote in favor of the [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine on November 29, 1947, and the fighting that accompanied the [[1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine]], violent incidents, including sniping, were reported by the residents of Bat Yam.<ref name="JNF 1948"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Jaffa/Jaffa/Story202.html |title=Cleansing Jaffa: A detailed eye witness account, 202 |publisher=Palestineremembered.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
[[File:Bat Yam 1942.jpg|thumb|Bat Yam 1942 1:20,000]]
[[File:Bat Yam 1945.jpg|thumb|Bat Yam 1945 1:250,000]]


After the establishment of the state in 1948, Bat Yam grew dramatically due to mass immigration. It gained city status in 1958.
⚫
Following the [[United Nations]] vote in favour of a [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine|partition plan]] on November 29, 1947 and the subsequent [[1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine|civil war]], inhabitants of both Bat Yam and Jaffa reported violent incidents, including sniping.<ref name="JNF 1948"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Jaffa/Jaffa/Story202.html |title=Cleansing Jaffa: A detailed eye witness account, 202 |publisher=Palestineremembered.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref> On May 13, 1948, Jaffa surrendered to Jewish forces.


==Demography==
In the years following Israel's creation, Bat Yam grew dramatically due to mass immigration and gained city status in 1958. A small [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] enclave of [[Bobov (Hasidic dynasty)|Bobover Hasidim]], known as Kiryat Bobov, was established in 1959. The city later gained a sizeable community of Jews from [[Turkey]]. Bat Yam again experienced a period of rapid growth in the early 1980s to the late 1990s with the mass immigration of Jews from the former [[Soviet Union]] and [[Ethiopia]].
⚫
A small [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] enclave of [[Bobov (Hasidic dynasty)|Bobover Hasidim]], known as Kiryat Bobov, was established in 1959. The city later gained a sizeable community of Jews from [[Turkey]]. Bat Yam again experienced a period of rapid growth in the early 1980s to the late 1990s with the mass immigration of Jews from the former [[Soviet Union]] and [[Ethiopia]]. There is also a small Arab community (0.4% as per 2012), both Muslim and Christian, many of whom relocated from Jaffa. The vast majority of [[History of the Jews in Vietnam#Vietnamese refugees in Israel|Israelis of Vietnamese origin]] live in Bat Yam.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldandihomeschool.com/public_articles/1996/january/wis14762.asp |title=In a Strange Land: Israel's Vietnamese Community – CULTURE |publisher=Worldandihomeschool.com |accessdate=2013-03-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040125143229/http://www.worldandihomeschool.com/public_articles/1996/january/wis14762.asp |archivedate=2004-01-25 }}</ref>

⚫
There is also a small Arab community (0.4% as per 2012) in Bat Yam, both Muslim and Christian, many of whom relocated from Jaffa. The vast majority of [[History of the Jews in Vietnam#Vietnamese refugees in Israel|Israelis of Vietnamese origin]] live in Bat Yam.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldandihomeschool.com/public_articles/1996/january/wis14762.asp |title=In a Strange Land: Israel's Vietnamese Community – CULTURE |publisher=Worldandihomeschool.com |accessdate=2013-03-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040125143229/http://www.worldandihomeschool.com/public_articles/1996/january/wis14762.asp |archivedate=2004-01-25 }}</ref>


Today, Russian immigrants make up nearly 30 percent of the population.
==Local government==
==Local government==
In the early 2000s, after financial scandals under the leadership of [[Yehoshua Sagi]], the city was on the brink of bankruptcy. In 2003 a new mayor, [[Shlomo Lahiani]], was elected and the city began to rejuvenate. Large investments were made in education, culture and the appearance of the city. {{Unspecific}}. In the 2008 municipal elections, Shlomo Lahiani was re-elected mayor of Bat Yam with 86% of the vote.<ref>http://www.haaretz.co.il/news/education/1.1297119</ref> In 2014, Lahiani pleaded guilty to three counts of breach of public trust after being charged with bribery and income tax fraud.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/.premium-1.589716|title=Bat Yam mayor plea bargain a good deal for all
In the early 2000s, after financial scandals under the leadership of [[Yehoshua Sagi]], the city was on the brink of bankruptcy. In 2003 a new mayor, [[Shlomo Lahiani]], was elected and the city began to rejuvenate. Large investments were made in education, culture and the appearance of the city. {{Unspecific}}. In the 2008 municipal elections, Shlomo Lahiani was re-elected mayor of Bat Yam with 86% of the vote.<ref>http://www.haaretz.co.il/news/education/1.1297119</ref> In 2014, Lahiani pleaded guilty to three counts of breach of public trust after being charged with bribery and income tax fraud.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/.premium-1.589716|title=Bat Yam mayor plea bargain a good deal for all
|newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |date=2014-05-09 |accessdate=2014-09-19}}</ref>
|newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |date=2014-05-09 |accessdate=2014-09-19}}</ref>


==Politics and government==
==Council heads and mayors==
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 7701 bat -yam municipallity.jpg|thumb|Bat Yam town hall]]
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 7701 bat -yam municipallity.jpg|thumb|Bat Yam town hall]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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The location of Bat Yam on the Mediterranean makes it popular with beach-goers. Bat Yam has a {{convert|3.2|km|0|abbr=on}} long promenade along the ocean lined with pubs and restaurants. The city has six beaches, one of which is protected by a breakwater. The Museum of Bat Yam exhibits contemporary art.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.artreview.com/profile/MoBYMuseum |title=of Bat Yam |publisher=Artreview.com |date= |author= |accessdate=March 23, 2011}}</ref> Other museums include the Ben Ari Museum and Ryback Museum that houses the work of [[Issachar Ber Ryback]]. There is also a museum in the memory of the Yiddish writer [[Sholem Asch]], who lived his last years in Bat Yam, and a small [[Holocaust]] museum.<ref>[http://www.newmuseum.org/artspaces/view/moby-museums-of-bat-yam MoBY: Museums of Bat Yam] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220153939/http://www.newmuseum.org/artspaces/view/moby-museums-of-bat-yam |date=December 20, 2015 }}</ref>
The location of Bat Yam on the Mediterranean makes it popular with beach-goers. Bat Yam has a {{convert|3.2|km|0|abbr=on}} long promenade along the ocean lined with pubs and restaurants. The city has six beaches, one of which is protected by a breakwater. The Museum of Bat Yam exhibits contemporary art.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.artreview.com/profile/MoBYMuseum |title=of Bat Yam |publisher=Artreview.com |date= |author= |accessdate=March 23, 2011}}</ref> Other museums include the Ben Ari Museum and Ryback Museum that houses the work of [[Issachar Ber Ryback]]. There is also a museum in the memory of the Yiddish writer [[Sholem Asch]], who lived his last years in Bat Yam, and a small [[Holocaust]] museum.<ref>[http://www.newmuseum.org/artspaces/view/moby-museums-of-bat-yam MoBY: Museums of Bat Yam] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220153939/http://www.newmuseum.org/artspaces/view/moby-museums-of-bat-yam |date=December 20, 2015 }}</ref>

The Yiddish writer [[Sholom Asch]], who lived in Bat Yam in his later years, willed his home to the Bat Yam municipality, which turned it into museum.


==Transportation==
==Transportation==

Revision as of 18:11, 20 August 2020

Template:Infobox Israel municipality

Bat Yam beach
Defenders Square

Bat Yam (Template:Lang-he-n or Template:Hebrew (audio)ⓘ) is a city located on Israel's Mediterranean Sea coast, on the central coastal strip just south of Tel Aviv. It is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area, in the Tel Aviv District. In 2020, it had a population of 160,000.[1]

History

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19482,300—    
195516,000+595.7%
196131,700+98.1%
1972100,100+215.8%
1983128,700+28.6%
1995138,500+7.6%
2008130,300−5.9%
2010130,400+0.1%
2011128,200−1.7%
Source: CBS[2]

Bat Yam, originally Bayit Vegan (“House and Garden”), was founded in 1919 by the Bayit Vegan homeowners association, affiliated with the Hamizrachi movement. The association was formed to establish a religious garden suburb in Jaffa. By March 1920, it had 400 members. In 1921, 1,500 dunams of land were purchased, of which 1,400 were formally registered by 1923. In September 1924, an urban plan was approved by the association. In early 1926, the plots were divided up and a lottery was held to determine who would build first. By October 1926, roads and water supply were complete. Six families settled on the land in cabins. According to a report in 1927, ten houses were under construction. A synagogue was dedicated in October 1928. By then there were 13 families were living in Bat Yam and a total of 20 houses.

In the wake of the 1929 riots, the residents were evacuated by the British army and their homes were turned into barracks. The soldiers left at the end of 1931. In 1932, the residents began to return and were joined by others. In November 1933, 85 families were living in the neighborhood. By early 1936, there were 300 homes and a population of 140. Local industry began to develop, a movie theatre opened and a hotel was established. The first school, Tachkemoni, founded in 1936.

In December 1936, Bayit Vegan was declared a local council. It encompassed 3,500 dunams, 370 dunams of which were Arab-owned. In December 1937, the name was formally changed to Bat Yam (literally “daughter of the sea”).[3] By 1945, 2,000 Jews were living in Bat Yam.[4] In 1936-1939, the town was cut off from Tel Aviv because the road ran though Jaffa, leading to the construction of a new road via Holon. According to the Jewish National Fund, the population had risen to 4,000 by 1947.[5]

Following the vote in favor of the [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine on November 29, 1947, and the fighting that accompanied the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, violent incidents, including sniping, were reported by the residents of Bat Yam.[5][6]

After the establishment of the state in 1948, Bat Yam grew dramatically due to mass immigration. It gained city status in 1958.

Demography

A small Hasidic enclave of Bobover Hasidim, known as Kiryat Bobov, was established in 1959. The city later gained a sizeable community of Jews from Turkey. Bat Yam again experienced a period of rapid growth in the early 1980s to the late 1990s with the mass immigration of Jews from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia. There is also a small Arab community (0.4% as per 2012), both Muslim and Christian, many of whom relocated from Jaffa. The vast majority of Israelis of Vietnamese origin live in Bat Yam.[7]

Today, Russian immigrants make up nearly 30 percent of the population.

Local government

In the early 2000s, after financial scandals under the leadership of Yehoshua Sagi, the city was on the brink of bankruptcy. In 2003 a new mayor, Shlomo Lahiani, was elected and the city began to rejuvenate. Large investments were made in education, culture and the appearance of the city. [specify]. In the 2008 municipal elections, Shlomo Lahiani was re-elected mayor of Bat Yam with 86% of the vote.[8] In 2014, Lahiani pleaded guilty to three counts of breach of public trust after being charged with bribery and income tax fraud.[9]

Council heads and mayors

Bat Yam town hall
Type Name Years
Head of council Ben-Zion Mintz 1936–37
Head of council Yisrael Ben Zion 1937–39
Head of council Yisrael Rabinovich-Teomim 1939–43
Head of council Eliav Levai 1943–50
Head of council David Ben Ari 1950–58
Mayor David Ben Ari 1958–63
Mayor Menachem Rothschild 1963–73
Mayor Yitzhak Walker 1973–77
Mayor David Mesika 1977–78
Mayor Menachem Rothschild 1978–83
Mayor Ehud Kinamon 1983–93
Mayor Yehoshua Sagi 1993–2003
Mayor Shlomo Lahiani 2003–14
Mayor Yossi Bachar 2014–18
Mayor Tzvika Brot 2018–date
Source: Bat Yam's mayors on the official city website

Art and culture

In 2008 the Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism, which is devoted to re-examining urban spaces through art and architecture, was held in Bat Yam. In 2010 the second Biennale, "Timing" took place,[10] which featured site-specific installations from designers and architects from around the world.[11] The city has two shopping malls, Kanyon Bat Yam, which opened in 1993, and Kanyon Bat Yamon.

The location of Bat Yam on the Mediterranean makes it popular with beach-goers. Bat Yam has a 3.2 km (2 mi) long promenade along the ocean lined with pubs and restaurants. The city has six beaches, one of which is protected by a breakwater. The Museum of Bat Yam exhibits contemporary art.[12] Other museums include the Ben Ari Museum and Ryback Museum that houses the work of Issachar Ber Ryback. There is also a museum in the memory of the Yiddish writer Sholem Asch, who lived his last years in Bat Yam, and a small Holocaust museum.[13]

The Yiddish writer Sholom Asch, who lived in Bat Yam in his later years, willed his home to the Bat Yam municipality, which turned it into museum.

Transportation

Bat Yam-Yoseftal Railway Station and Bat Yam-Komemiyut Railway Station opened in 2011 as part of the new Tel Aviv – Rishon LeZion West line.[14] Bat Yam will also be the terminus for the red line of the Tel Aviv Light Rail.

Sports

Location of Bat Yam in the Tel Aviv District

The city's major football club, Maccabi Ironi Bat Yam, currently plays in Liga Leumit, the third level of Israeli football. The club was formed by a 2004 merger of Hapoel Bat Yam (which had spent several seasons in the second division in the 1990s) and Maccabi Bat Yam.

Bat Yam's Al Gal beach is regarded to be one of the best surfing spots in the region, having fairly consistent surf conditions, especially during the summer months.

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Israel

Bat Yam is twinned with:[15]

Notable residents

David D'Or

Gallery

References

  1. ^ Bat Yam – Israel’s New Riviera
  2. ^ "Statistical Abstract of Israel 2012 – No. 63 Subject 2 – Table No. 15". .cbs.gov.il. Archived from the original on 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2013-08-08.
  3. ^ W. D. Battershill (1937). "Notice (23rd December 1937)". The Palestine Gazette. 745: 1287.
  4. ^ Government of Palestine, Village Statistics, 1945, p52.
  5. ^ a b Jewish National Fund (1949). Jewish Villages in Israel. Jerusalem: Hamadpis Liphshitz Press. p. 12.
  6. ^ "Cleansing Jaffa: A detailed eye witness account, 202". Palestineremembered.com. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
  7. ^ "In a Strange Land: Israel's Vietnamese Community – CULTURE". Worldandihomeschool.com. Archived from the original on 2004-01-25. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
  8. ^ http://www.haaretz.co.il/news/education/1.1297119
  9. ^ "Bat Yam mayor plea bargain a good deal for all". Haaretz. 2014-05-09. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  10. ^ "International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism". Metropolis Magazine. October 20, 2010. Archived from the original on October 24, 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  11. ^ "Innovation by the Sea". Forward. October 19, 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  12. ^ "of Bat Yam". Artreview.com. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  13. ^ MoBY: Museums of Bat Yam Archived December 20, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Bat Yam: New Israeli Riviera
  15. ^ "מרטיןהיקל, ראשעירייתנויקלן – עירתאומהלבת-יםמברליןגרמניההגיעלביקורראשוןכדילקבועשיתופיפעולה". bat-yam.muni.il (in Hebrew). Bat Yam. 2020-02-17. Retrieved 2020-02-24.
  16. ^ "MoBY: Museums of Art - Visit". moby.org.il. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  17. ^ Azoulay, Yuval (14 May 2010). "Unending agony for legendary spy Eli Cohen and his widow". Haaretz. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
  18. ^ "מאיר דגן".
  19. ^ "Real History and The Mossad's new chief".
  20. ^ Agassi, Tirzah (March 25, 1994). "Going for Baroque Not!". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved May 8, 2009.
  21. ^ Parsons, Louella O. (27 March 1960). "Elana Eden: Hollywood's Newest Cinderella Story". The Milwaukee Sentinel. Retrieved 21 September 2013.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Bat Yam.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bat Yam.
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