List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests: Difference between revisions

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}}</ref><br><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://time.com/5863108/frederick-douglass-statue-torn-down/ |title=Frederick Douglass Statue Torn Down and Vandalized in Rochester, N.Y. |publisher=Time|access-date=July 5, 2020 |date=July 5, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}</ref><br><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://time.com/5863108/frederick-douglass-statue-torn-down/ |title=Frederick Douglass Statue Torn Down and Vandalized in Rochester, N.Y. |publisher=Time|access-date=July 5, 2020 |date=July 5, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|Statue was removed from Maplewood Park, a site along the Underground Railroad where Douglas and Harriet Tubman helped shuttle slaves to freedom. Removal also occurred on the anniversary of one of Douglas' anti-slavery speeches
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Revision as of 02:32, 6 July 2020

For broader coverage of this topic, see List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests.
An equestrian statue covered in spray-painted graffiti with a protester in front holding a sign reading "BLACK LIVES MATTER".
Clockwise from top left: The J. E. B. Stuart Monument, defaced during the George Floyd protests in Richmond, Virginia, is scheduled to be removed by the city; A statue of Christopher Columbus at the Minnesota State Capitol moments after it was pulled from its pedestal by American Indian Movement protesters; The vandalized Statue of Robert Milligan outside the Museum of London Docklands before it was removed; The Albert Pike Memorial in Washington, D.C. after protesters toppled the statue of Pike.


A number of monuments and memorials were destroyed or removed, or a commitment to remove them announced, during the riots and peaceful protests[1] that followed the May 2020 killing of George Floyd, most of them in the United States. Some of these monuments have been the subject of lengthy, years-long efforts to remove them, sometimes involving legislation and/or court proceedings. In some cases the removal was legal and official; in others, most notably in Alabama, laws prohibiting monuments' removal were deliberately broken. In addition, many monuments, memorials, and statues depicting Europeans or those of European descent have been defaced or damaged.

At first, removals focused on monuments to Confederate States of America (CSA) leaders and military. The subjects of the protests later expanded; in the United States many statues of Christopher Columbus were removed, as his arrival in the Americas marked the beginning of the genocide of Native American people. Many local figures connected with racism were also the subject of protests and monument removals. A small number of the American Civil War memorials targeted in the protests honored combatants in the Union Army, which fought against slavery.

In the United Kingdom, Black Lives Matter activists targeted monuments to people involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade and British imperialism. In Belgium, one statue and two busts of King Leopold II were removed, and many were defaced. In New Zealand, a statue of John Fane Charles Hamilton was removed. In India a statue of Mark Cubbon was removed, as was one of Martinus Theunis Steyn in South Africa.

This list is limited to instances in which a person or body with authority has committed itself to removal. It does not include the many works that have been the subject of petitions, protests, defacement, or attempted removals, such as the Emancipation Memorial in Washington, D.C.[2] Some have argued that the vandalism and destruction of monuments and memorials resembles the destruction of historical relics during the Cultural Revolution in Communist China and iconoclasm in the Soviet Union.[3] U.S. president Donald Trump denounced the removal and destruction of historical monuments as part of a "left wing cultural revolution" and a "campaign to wipe out our history."[4]

Sculptures and other monuments

The following monuments and memorials were removed during the George Floyd protests, mainly due to their connections to racism. The majority are in the United States and mostly commemorate the Confederate States of America (CSA), but some monuments were also removed in other countries, for example the statues of slave traders in the United Kingdom.

Notes:

  •   The monument or memorial is scheduled to be removed but is still standing.
  • Dates are in 2020 unless otherwise specified.

United States

The following monuments and memorials were removed during the George Floyd protests due to their association with racism in the United States. Most commemorated people involved in the Lost Cause of the Confederacy, with others linked to the genocide of Native Americans, segregation in the United States, and related issues.

Confederate States of America

For a broader overview of this topic, including removals before the George Floyd protests, see Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials.

The CSA fought a four-year war to preserve the institution of slavery in the Southern states, before being defeated and seeing all enslaved African Americans become free, and then become citizens with the right to vote and hold office. Confederate monuments commemorate CSA politicians, Army officers, and soldiers. Most are in the former CSA states.

The following table does not include Virginia; it is in a second table which follows.

There are 64 entries in the list, as of July 5.

Monument/memorial City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Statue of Charles Linn Birmingham Alabama – May 31 Toppled by protesters Toppled by protesters who unsuccessfully attempted to remove the nearby Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument. [5]


Montgomery County Confederate Soldiers Monument - White's Ferry, Dickerson Maryland June 16 Removed by private owner, who also renamed Gen. Jubal A. Early ferry boat. Until 2017, had stood in front of the Montgomery County courthouse in Rockville, Maryland. [6]


Statue of Private Benjamin Welch Owens - Lothian Maryland July 3 (discovered) Toppled by protesters Vandalized in June [7]


Mt. Zion Confederate Monument - Cornelius North Carolina July 2 Church Board asked for its removal [8]


Confederate Monument (Cross Creek Cemetery) Fayetteville North Carolina Not announced June 30 Removed by owner. The oldest Confederate monument in North Carolina [9]


Monument to Confederate Dead (Haymount area) Fayetteville North Carolina Not announced June 27 Removed by owners, Sons of Confederate Veterans and United Daughters of the Confederacy. [10]


Monument to Confederate Brigadier General Albert G. Jenkins - Hampden Township Pennsylvania July 3 (confirmed) Removed by owner of land [11]


Two statues commemorating specific events - McConnellsburg Pennsylvania July 2 [12]


Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument Birmingham Alabama May 31 June 1 Removed by city The mayor said the expected $25,000 fine for violating the Alabama Memorial Preservation Act would be more affordable than the cost of continued unrest. [13]
[14]
[15]


Bust of Robert E. Lee Fort Myers Florida June 1 June 1 Removed by Sons of Confederate Veterans Removed from downtown by its owner, the Sons of Confederate Veterans. [16]


Statue of Robert E. Lee at Robert E. Lee High School Montgomery Alabama – June 1 Toppled by protesters Four people were charged with felony criminal mischief over removal of this statue. [17]


Bentonville Confederate Monument Bentonville Confederate Monument Bentonville Arkansas June 1 – Plans for removal by United Daughters of the Confederacy Removal announced during protests [18]


Athens Confederate Monument Athens Confederate Monument Athens Georgia June 2 Plans for removal by city The mayor and city commissioners announced plans to remove the monument. [19]
[20]


Nash County Confederate Monument Rocky Mount North Carolina June 2 – Plans for removal by city The City Council of Rocky Mount voted to remove the monument. [21]


Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument Indianapolis Indiana June 4 June 8 Removed by city A resolution to remove the monument passed the Indianapolis Parks Board in 2017, but was not funded. The mayor announced it would be removed. [22]
[23]
[24]


Statue of Raphael Semmes Statue of Raphael Semmes Mobile Alabama June 5 June 5 Removed by city Statue of Confederate Navy Admiral Raphael Semmes removed from downtown on orders of Mayor Sandy Stimpson. [25]
[26]


Statue of Sam Davis Nashville Tennessee June 5 – Removed by school Statue of Confederate soldier Sam Davis will be removed from the campus of Montgomery Bell Academy. [27]


John B. Castleman Monument John B. Castleman Monument Louisville Kentucky June 8 June 8 Removed by city Statue of John Breckinridge Castleman removed to be placed at his burial at Cave Hill Cemetery. [28]


Jacksonville Confederate Monument Jacksonville Confederate Monument Jacksonville Florida June 9 June 9 Removed by city Overnight removed the monument from a Confederate monument in Hemming Park, leaving an empty pedestal. [29]


Denton Confederate Soldier Monument Denton Confederate Soldier Memorial Denton Texas June 9 ~June 25 Removed by County Denton County commissioners voted to remove and relocate the monument. [30]
[31]
[32]


The Grandstand
Confederate Memorial Services 		Jacksonville Florida June 9 – Plans for removal by city Mayor announced removal of all Confederate monuments, memorials, and markers, including this in Old City Cemetery. [33]


Confederate Monument Monument to Confederate war soldiers Fort Worth Texas June 9 June 13 Removed by Tarrant County County commission voted to remove the monument in front of Tarrant County Courthouse. [34]
[35]


Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy Monument to the Women of the Southland Jacksonville Florida June 9 – Plans for removal by city Mayor announced removal of all Confederate monuments, memorials, and markers, including this one in Confederate Park. [33]


Multiple historic markers Jacksonville Florida June 10 – Plans for removal by Mayor Lenny Curry Announced plans to remove all Confederate monuments including these 8 items: Maple Leaf at Northbank Riverwalk, Maple Leaf at Walter Jones Historical Park, Florida Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Home marker in Old City Cemetery, Line of Entrenchment at old Jacksonville Terminal, Skirmish At Cedar Creek at Lenox Avenue, 1914 United Confederate Veteran's Reunion at Confederate Park, 23 informational signs and 58 tree signs at Camp Milton Historic Preserve, and In Memory of Our Beloved Ancestors – Ground Marker at Old City Cemetery. [33]


Confederate Soldier Memorial Confederate Soldier Memorial Huntsville Alabama June 10 – Removal authorized by Madison County Commission; requires final approval by state review committee. The memorial, constructed in 1905, is located in front of the Madison County Courthouse. The county would be fined $25,000 if it removed the memorial without state approval under a 2017 law designed to protect historical structures and monuments. [36]


Gloria Victis Gloria Victis Salisbury North Carolina June 11 – Removal agreed by City and UDC June 20, UDC signed the city's proposal to have the sculpture moved to Old Lutheran Cemetery. [37]
[38]


Spirit of the Confederacy Spirit of the Confederacy Houston Texas June 11 June 17 Removed by city To be moved to the Houston Museum of African American Culture. [39]
[40]
[41]


Statue of Richard W. Dowling Statue of Richard W. Dowling Houston Texas June 11 – Plans for removal by city Initial plans to relocate the statue of Dick Dowling to Sabine Pass Battleground State Historic Site were scuttled following objections by the mayor of Port Arthur. [42]
[39]


Gadsden Confederate Memorial Gadsden Confederate Memorial Quincy Florida June 11 June 11 Removed by County Commissioners Removed from the front of the Gadsden County Courthouse. Will be relocated within six months. [43]
[44]
[45]


Confederate War Memorial The Confederate War Memorial in 2006 Dallas Texas June 12 June 24 Removed by city To prevent protester injuries during potential vandalism attempts, the monument has been placed in storage, pending resolution of legal dispute over final disposition. [46][47]


DeKalb County Confederate Monument DeKalb County Confederate Monument Decatur Georgia June 12 June 18 Monument removal ordered by Georgia Superior Court Justice The monument was ordered removed by Superior Court Justice Clarence Seeliger on the grounds that it constituted a public nuisance under the Georgia code. [48]
[49]


Statue of Jefferson Davis Frankfort Kentucky June 12 June 13 State The Historic Properties Advisory Commission voted to move the statue from the capitol rotunda to the Jefferson Davis State Historic Site. Removed the following day. [50]


Stand Watie and Confederate Soldier Fountain Tahlequah Oklahoma June 13 June 13 Removed by Cherokee Nation Watie headed the Confederate-allied Cherokee. The fountain was dedicated in 1913 by the Daughters of the Confederacy rather than the Cherokee Nation. [51]


Stand Watie Monument Tahlequah Oklahoma June 13 June 13 Removed by Cherokee Nation The monument was dedicated in 1921 by the Daughters of the Confederacy rather than the Cherokee Nation. [51]


Pitt County Confederate Soldiers Monument Greenville North Carolina June 15 June 22 County County, which owns the statue, voted to remove immediately under "reason of threatened public safety". [52]
[53]


Zebulon Baird Vance Monument Asheville North Carolina June 16 – Asheville City Council and Buncombe County Council City and County councils both unanimously passed a joint-resolution to remove monument. United Daughters of the Confederacy must remove it immediately, or the city and county will remove it. [54]


Hey Reb! Hey Reb! Las Vegas Nevada June 16 June 16 Removed by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas The statue is a representation of Hey Reb!, the mascot of the UNLV Rebels. It was donated to the university in 2007 and was situated outside the Richard Tam Alumni Center before its removal. [55]


Monument to 60th Regt. NC Volunteers Asheville North Carolina June 17 — Removal authorized by Buncombe County Commission Located in front of the county courthouse. The Daughters of Confederacy have 90 days to remove the monument. [56]


Robert E. Lee Dixie Highway, Colonel John Connally Marker Asheville North Carolina June 17 — Removal authorized by Buncombe County Commission Located in front of the county courthouse. The Daughters of Confederacy have 90 days to remove the marker. [56]


Jefferson Davis Memorial Boulder Brownsville Texas June 17 City of Brownsville Removed from Washington Park [57]


Robert E. Lee Highway Marker San Diego California June 18 Removed by San Diego Parks and Recreation and Stockdale Capital Partners The marker was located in the Horton Plaza Park prior to its removal. [58]


Memorial to Company A, Capitol Guards Memorial to Company A, Capitol Guards Little Rock Arkansas June 18 Removed by city The statue will be placed in storage until a location can be found for it. [59]


North Carolina State Confederate Monument North Carolina State Confederate Monument Raleigh North Carolina June 19 June 19 Two statues toppled by protesters; remainder removed by work crew Protesters pulled down the two statues at the base of the monument, dragging one through the streets and hanging it from a street light. Removal of remainder ordered by Governor Roy Cooper shortly afterward. [60]
[61]


Statue of Albert Pike The statue of Albert Pike Washington District of Columbia June 19 Toppled and set afire by protesters during Juneteenth The statue was wrapped in chains before it was toppled. The D.C. government wanted to remove the work in 2017, but could not do so without an act of Congress. [62]
[63]
[64]
[65]


Pine Bluff Confederate Monument The Pine Bluff Confederate Monument Pine Bluff Arkansas June 20 June 20 County Judge and United Daughters of the Confederacy The statue was removed from the Jefferson County Courthouse as part of a cooperative agreement between Jefferson County Judge Gerald Robinson and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. The statue was transferred to an undisclosed location where it can be cleaned and repaired [66]


Statue of Henry Lawson Wyatt Raleigh North Carolina – June 21 Work crew Removal ordered by Governor Roy Cooper after protesters removed statues at base of Confederate Monument. [61]


Monument to North Carolina Women of the Confederacy[a] Raleigh North Carolina – June 21 Work crew Removal ordered by Governor Roy Cooper after protesters removed statues at base of Confederate Monument. [61]


Confederate Soldiers' Memorial Bridge sign and statue Clarksville Tennessee Week of June 15 Removed by city The sign and monument were allegedly removed for their own protection. [67]


Confederate soldier grave marker Silver Spring Maryland June 17 Toppled by protesters The statue was located at Grace Episcopal Church. It marked the remains of seventeen unidentified Confederate soldiers killed during the Battle of Fort Stevens. [68]


Confederate Monument Oxford Mississippi Planned to move monument at University of Mississippi to university cemetery. [69]


Confederate Memorial Obelisk St. Augustine Florida June 22 City commissioners voted 3–2 on June 22, 2020 to move the obelisk. [70]


"To our Confederate dead" monument Confederate Monument Louisburg North Carolina June 22 June 29 Louisburg Town Council voted to move the monument to Oakwood Cemetery. [71]
[72]


Our Confederate Soldiers Beaumont Texas June 23 June 29 City Council of Beaumont voted to remove it. [73]
[74]


Confederate Memorial Confederate Memorial Wilmington North Carolina Not announced June 25 Temporarily removed by city [75]


George Davis Monument George Davis Monument Wilmington North Carolina Not announced June 25 Temporarily removed by city Davis was a Confederate senator and Attorney General. [75]


Confederate Memorial Minden Louisiana Not announced June 26 Removed by owner, United Daughters of the Confederacy [76]


Confederate Monument Confederate Monument Fayetteville North Carolina Not announced June 27 Removed by owner, United Daughters of the Confederacy [77]


Lowndes County Confederate Monument Hayneville Alabama June 29 Removal ordered by county The memorial is located near the Lowndes County Courthouse. The county expects to be fined under the Alabama Memorial Preservation Act. [78]


Kanawha Riflemen memorial Charleston West Virginia June 29 June 29 Removed by city The monument consisted of a standing commemorative plaque connected to two stone benches; the benches were not removed. [79]


Statue of Confederate soldier Frederick Maryland June 29 (discovered) Toppled and beheaded; not likely to be repaired. [80]


Rockdale County Confederate Monument Conyers Georgia Not announced June 30 Removed by Rockdale County Commission [81]
[82]
[83]


Confederate Monument Orangeburg South Carolina June 30 Removal requires a 2⁄3 vote of the South Carolina Legislature. Orangeville City Council voted unanimously for removal. [84]


Slave whipping post Georgetown Delaware June 29 July 1 Removed by state [85]


Monument to Alfred Mouton Lafayette Louisiana July 1 Lafayette mayor made public statement; asks 1980 injunction be lifted [86]


United Confederate Veterans Memorial Seattle Washington - July 3/4 Toppled by protesters The monument was toppled by unknown persons, apparently on July 3, 2020. In the process, the lower ends of both formerly vertical columns were broken in multiple places. [87]


Virginia
See also: List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Virginia and Monument Avenue

Virginia, where the CSA had its capital in Richmond, has the most Confederate monuments of any U.S. state. A March 2020 change in the law of Virginia had already essentially repealed the statute preventing removal of historical monuments, effective from July 1, 2020. This change became possible when voters, after electing the Democrat Ralph Northam as Governor in 2017, gave the Democrats control of both houses of the Virginia General Assembly from January 2020, for the first time in a generation.[88]

Monument/memorial City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Appomattox Appomattox statue Alexandria Virginia – May 31 Removed by United Daughters of the Confederacy The owner, United Daughters of the Confederacy, moved the date up because of the protests. [89]


Norfolk Confederate Monument Norfolk Confederate Monument Norfolk Virginia June 2 June 16 Removed by city City Council approved removal; located at a former slave auction site. Johnny Reb statue atop the monument removed June 12; rest of monument removed by June 16. [90]
[91]
[92]


Robert E. Lee Monument Robert E. Lee Monument Richmond Virginia June 3 – Plans for removal by state Governor announced removal "as soon as possible"; monument on state land. [93]
[94]


J. E. B. Stuart Monument J. E. B. Stuart Monument Richmond Virginia June 3 – Plans for removal by city Planned removal of the four Confederate monuments on city land. [95]


Stonewall Jackson Monument Stonewall Jackson Monument Richmond Virginia June 3 July 1 Removed by City of Richmond Planned removal of the four Confederate monuments on city land. [95]

[96]


Matthew Fontaine Maury Monument Matthew Fontaine Maury Monument Richmond Virginia June 3 July 2 Removed by City of Richmond One of the four Confederate monuments on city land. [95]


Slave Auction Block Slave auction block Fredericksburg Virginia 2019 June 5 Removed by city A slave auction block was removed from the downtown and will be displayed in the Fredericksburg Area Museum. [97]


Robert E. Lee Memorial Roanoke Virginia June 5 After July 1 Roanoke City Council City Council voted to start the legal process to remove the monument and rename Lee Plaza. [98]


Statue of Williams Carter Wickham Statue of Williams Carter Wickham Richmond Virginia – June 6 Toppled by protesters Pulled from its base and tumbled to the ground [99]


Jefferson Davis Memorial Jefferson Davis Memorial Richmond Virginia June 3 June 10 Statue of Davis toppled by protesters; the rest of the memorial was not touched. Planned removal of the four Confederate monuments on city land. Protesters toppled the statue from its plinth on June 10. [95]
[100]


Confederate Monument Portsmouth Virginia June 9 June 10 Four statues decapitated and one pulled down by protesters City campaign to remove it already underway. [101]
[102]


Howitzer Monument Richmond Virginia June 16 June 16 Toppled by protesters Pulled off its pedestal by a rope. Was located near Virginia Commonwealth University's Monroe Park campus. [103]


Loudoun County Confederate monument Leesburg Virginia June 26 Being removed by its owner, United Daughters of the Confederacy, anticipating a request to remove it [104]


Genocide of indigenous peoples

Monuments dedicated to individuals involved in the genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas have been removed.[105][106]

Juan de Oñate, when governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, was responsible for the 1599 Acoma Massacre, in which 800 were killed and all men over 25 had their right foot cut off (although this has been disputed). Junípero Serra, a Franciscan friar, enslaved many Chumash people in the 18th century for the building and supplying of the Spanish missions in California.[107][108][109] Diego de Vargas, also governor of Nuevo México, led the bloody "reconquest" of the territory in 1692, after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.

A handful of towns in Spain have offered to receive statues of Spaniards unwanted in the U.S.[110]

Monument/memorial City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Equestrian statue of Juan de Oñate Equestrian statue of Juan de Oñate Alcalde New Mexico June 15 June 15 Removed temporarily by Río Arriba County authorities The right foot of the statue was cut off and stolen in 1997, in reference to Oñate's Acoma Massacre, in which the right foot of every male over 25 was cut off. [111]
[112]


Kit Carson obelisk - Santa Fe New Mexico June 18 Ordered removed by mayor In front of federal courthouse [113]


Statue of Juan de Oñate File:2013, Cuarto Centenario - "La Jornada" - Renaldo 'Sonny' Rivera, Betty Sabo, 2005 - panoramio (7).jpg Albuquerque New Mexico – June 16 Removed by city pending a decision on next steps Statue in front of the Albuquerque Museum removed after armed militia member shot a protester. [114]
[115]


Statue of Junípero Serra - Sacramento California July 4 Toppled by protesters [116]


Statue of Junípero Serra Ventura California June 18 Agreed to by the Mayor and representatives of the Barbareño/Ventureño Band of Mission Indians and Mission San Buenaventura Will be "moved to a more appropriate non-public location" in response to planned protest [117]
[118]


Statue of Junípero Serra Statue of Junípero Serra San Francisco California June 19 June 19 Toppled by protesters Was installed in Golden Gate Park [119]


Statue of Junípero Serra Los Angeles California June 20 June 20 Toppled by protesters Was displayed on Olvera Street downtown [120]


Statue of Junípero Serra Carmel California June 23 Removed by city to safeguard it. There are several statues of Serra in Carmel. This is the one by Jo Mora, at intersection of Serra Avenue with Camino Del Monte. [121]


Statue of Junípero Serra San Luis Obispo California June 22 June 22 Removed by Catholic Church Was displayed on grounds of the San Luis Obispo Mission [122][123]


Statue of Diego de Vargas Statue of Diego de Vargas Santa Fe New Mexico June 17 June 18 Ordered by the Mayor The statue was removed from Cathedral Park under the direction of Mayor Alan Webber. [124]


Kit Carson statue on the Pioneer Fountain Denver Colorado June 26 June 26 Removed by city The Carson statue was the third statue removed in Denver within two days; it was removed to prevent it from being toppled by protesters. [125]
Christopher Columbus
See also: List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Because of his enslavement of the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean and his brutal subjugation of the Taíno people, leading to their near-extinction, several statues of Christopher Columbus, the initiator of the European colonization of the Americas, have also been removed.

There are 27 items in this list, as of July 5, 2020.

Monument/memorial City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Statue of Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus statue Richmond Virginia June 9 June 9 Toppled by protesters The statue was toppled, lit on fire, and dumped in a nearby lake by protesters who stated they were acting in solidarity with Native Americans. [126]
[127]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Waterbury Connecticut July 4 (reported) Decapitated Located outside Waterbury City Hall [128]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus statue Saint Paul Minnesota June 10 June 10 Toppled by protesters The statue, located next to the Minnesota Capitol Building, was toppled by members of the American Indian Movement. [129]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Statue of Christopher Columbus Boston Massachusetts – June 11 Decapitated by protesters, removed by city The statue was removed following vandalism and a review [130]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Camden New Jersey June 11 June 11 Removed by city Removal ordered by mayor Frank Moran after many years of vandalism. [131]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Houston Texas June 11 June 19 Removed by city The statue was removed from Bell Park a week after being vandalized with red paint and having a hand cut off. [132]


Statue of Christopher Columbus New London Connecticut June 11 – Mayor ordered removal The statue will be removed pending a review [133]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Wilmington Delaware June 12 June 12 Removed by city Removal ordered by mayor Mike Purzycki to be stored while the display of the statue is discussed. [134]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Columbia South Carolina June 12 June 12 Removed by city Removal and storage ordered by mayor Steve Benjamin and City Council. [135]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Chula Vista California – June 12 City put statue in storage ahead of a protest Fate of statue will be decided by public forum [136]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Middletown Connecticut – June 13 City of Middletown removed statue Statue was already slated to be stored due to maintenance work at the park [137]


Christopher Columbus Monument West Orange New Jersey June 13 – Removal ordered by West Orange Mayor Robert Parisi The monument was installed in 1992. Removal ordered by West Orange Mayor Robert Parisi. No final removal date has been announced yet. [138]


Bust of Christopher Columbus Detroit Michigan June 15 June 15 Removed by city Removal and storage ordered by mayor Mike Duggan. [139]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Hartford Connecticut June 15 June 29 Mayor Luke Bronin announced that the statue near the state Capitol would be removed. [140]
[141]


Statue of Christopher Columbus New Haven Connecticut June 15 June 24 Removed by city [140]
[142]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Columbus Ohio June 16 June 19 Removal ordered by college Removal announced by Columbus State Community College's president of the board of trustees, to be stored while the future of the statue is discussed. [143]
[144]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus Statue in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri June 16 June 16 Removed by city Removal ordered by St Louis Park Board [145]


Columbus' Last Appeal to Queen Isabella Sacramento California June 16 – Removal ordered by California State Legislature The statue, placed in 1883, depicts Columbus persuading Queen Isabella to fund his 1492 voyage. No final removal date has been announced. [146]
[147]


Statue of Christopher Columbus San Francisco California June 18 June 18 Removed by the San Francisco Arts Commission The statue, located next to Coit Tower, was removed by the City ahead of a planned Juneteenth protest to throw it into the San Francisco Bay. [148]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Columbus Ohio June 18 July 1 Removal ordered by city Removal announced by the City of Columbus [149]
[150]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Philadelphia Pennsylvania June 24 Removal announced by Philadelphia Mayor Jim Kenney. [151]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Norwalk Connecticut June 25 June 25 Removed by city [152]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Providence Rhode Island June 25 To be moved to storage area by city. [153]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Statue of Christopher Columbus Newark New Jersey June 25 June 25 Removed by city The statue was removed from Washington Park due to the risk of people injuring themselves trying to topple it. The statue will be kept in storage until a final determination is reached regarding the statue's fate. [154]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Memorial to Christopher Columbus Denver Colorado June 26 June 26 Removed by protesters The statue was originally placed in front of the Denver Civic Center in the 1970s. [155]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Atlantic City New Jersey June 28 Being removed "to avert potential vandalism" [156]


Statue of Christopher Columbus San Antonio Texas June 30 July 1 Removed by city [157]
[158]


Statue of Christopher Columbus Baltimore Maryland July 4 Toppled by protesters After toppling the monument from its base, it was dumped into the Jones Falls of Baltimore's Inner Harbor. [159]


Others

Monument/memorial City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Statue of Edward W. Carmack Edward Carmack statue Nashville Tennessee – May 30 Toppled by protesters Carmack was an opponent of Ida B. Wells and encouraged retaliation for her support of the civil rights movement. [160]


Statue of Willie McCovey San Francisco California July 4 (reported) Removed by owner during construction. To be reinstalled in 2023. [161]


Statue of George Whitefield Philadelphia Pennsylvania July 2 Whitefield was a supporter of slavery. [162]


Statue of Frank Rizzo Statue of Frank Rizzo Philadelphia Pennsylvania June 3 Removed by city At about 2 am, the statue of Philadelphia police chief and mayor Frank Rizzo was removed. [163]
[164]
[165]


One Riot, One Ranger One Riot, One Ranger Dallas Texas June 4 June 4 Removed by city Statue model helped prevent black students from enrolling in public schools. [166]
[167]
[168]


Statue of Orville L. Hubbard Statue of Orville Hubbard Dearborn Michigan – June 5 Hubbard, the mayor of Dearborn for 35 years, was an outspoken segregationist. [169]


Statue of Jerry Richardson Charlotte North Carolina June 10 June 10 Removed by Carolina Panthers Richardson was alleged to be racist and sexist. The statue was removed from the Bank of America Stadium for fear it would be destroyed by protesters. [170]


Bust of Avery Brundage San Francisco California Removed by museum Brundage was a founding patron of the Asian Art Museum, Alleged white supremacist and anti-semite as well as 5th IOC president who expelled Tommie Smith and John Carlos from the 1968 Summer Olympics for raising black-gloved fists while on the podium. Bust moved from prominent position in foyer of museum to storage. [171]
[172]
[173]


Richmond Police Memorial Richmond Virginia June 11 June 11 Removed by city after being vandalized by protesters Dedicated to Richmond police officers who lost their lives in the line of duty. Removed from Byrd Park after repeated vandalization. The mayor's office stated the statue would be restored and reinstalled. [174]


Statue of Philip Schuyler Philip Schuyler Statue Albany New York June 11 – Plans for removal by city Removal ordered by mayor Kathy Sheehan due to the fact that Schuyler owned slaves. [175]


Delaware Law Enforcement Memorial Dover Delaware – June 12 Vandalized by protesters, removed by city for restoration Statue partially decapitated. The adjacent memorial wall was unaffected. [176]


Equestrian statue of Caesar Rodney Wilmington Delaware June 12 June 12 Removed by city Rodney was a slave owner. Removal ordered by mayor Mike Purzycki to be stored while the display of the statue is discussed. [134]


Bust of John McDonogh Bust of John McDonogh in June 2017 New Orleans Louisiana – June 13 Removed by protesters Protesters removed the bust from Duncan Plaza and rolled it into the Mississippi River. [177]


The Pioneer The Pioneer at its installation in 1919 Eugene Oregon – June 13 Toppled and dragged by protesters The University of Oregon placed its two Pioneer statues in storage on June 14[178] [179]


The Pioneer Mother Eugene Oregon – June 13 Toppled by protesters The University of Oregon placed its two Pioneer statues in storage on June 14[178] [179]


Statue of Thomas Jefferson at Jefferson High School Thomas Jefferson statue at Jefferson High School Portland Oregon – June 14 Toppled, allegedly by people unassociated with protest 1916 bronze replica of 1911 statue by Karl Bitter [180]


Statue of Josephus Daniels Raleigh North Carolina June 16 June 16 Removed by Daniels's descendants The statue was located near The News & Observer building, which is scheduled to be demolished. Daniels' family claims to have acted on their own accord rather than on pressure from activists, and will keep the statue in storage until a decision is made on its ultimate fate. [181]


Statue of John Sutter Sacramento California June 16 June 16 Removed by Sutter Health The statue was located in front of Sutter General Hospital. Sutter was a California Gold Rush pioneer who enslaved Native Americans. [182]


Captain William Clark Monument Statue of George Washington Portland Oregon June 17 & 18 Removed by the University of Portland The university removed the monument "as a precaution". [183]


Statue of George Washington Statue of George Washington Portland Oregon – June 18 Toppled by protesters [184]


Statue of Francis Scott Key Statue of Francis Scott Key San Francisco California – June 18 Toppled by protesters Part of a group of statues toppled in Golden Gate Park. [119]


Bust of Ulysses S. Grant Bust of Ulysses S. Grant San Francisco California – June 18 Toppled by protesters Part of a group of statues toppled in Golden Gate Park. [119]


Statue of Calvin Griffith File:GriffithCal.jpg Minneapolis Minnesota – Removed by Minnesota Twins Griffith was the former owner of the Minnesota Twins; the statue was removed due to racist statements made by Griffith in 1978 suggesting he moved the team to Minnesota due to the low number of African-American residents. [185]


Monument to George Preston Marshall Washington District of Columbia – June 19 Removed by Events DC Removed from Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium. Washington Redskins' front office was not consulted. [186]
[187]
[188]
[189]


Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt on horseback accompanied by two men on foot New York New York June 20 Theodore Roosevelt on horseback accompanied by walking figures of two men, one a Native American and one African; in front of the American Museum of Natural History [190]
[191]


Forward Forward sculpture Madison Wisconsin – June 23 Removed by protesters "Forward" is the motto of the state of Wisconsin. A 1998 bronze replica of a commissioned 1893 work of the Wisconsin female artist Jean Pond Miner. [192]


John C. Calhoun Monument Charleston South Carolina June 22 June 23 Removed by city Calhoun was a leading advocate of slavery. The statue may be placed back on display at "an appropriate site" such as a museum. [193]


Statue of Thomas Jefferson Hempstead New York June 23 Moved by university Statue at Hofstra University moved from student center main entrance to university museum. [194]


Statue of Hans Christian Heg Statue of Hans Christian Heg Madison Wisconsin – June 23 Removed by protesters Heg was a Union Army colonel in the Civil War, and an abolitionist. His statue was decapitated and thrown into a lake by protesters. Two protesters interviewed by the media alleged that toppling the statue was to draw attention to their view of Wisconsin as being racially unjust. [195]

[196]
[197]


Civil War Monument Denver Colorado June 25 June 25 Toppled by protesters The monument honors Colorado citizens who served in the Union Army. It listed battles against Native Americans in addition to battles against the Confederacy. Most controversially, it listed the Sand Creek massacre (a mass killing of Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans) as a battle. [198]


Obelisk in Santa Fe Plaza, commemorating Union soldiers Santa Fe New Mexico June 25 Ordered removed by mayor Note word "savages" effaced from inscription [113]


Emancipation Memorial (replica) Boston Massachusetts June 30 Boston Art Commission, with "full support" of mayor, voted for removal. [199]


Elk Portland Oregon July 1 Base damaged by protester fire and could not safely support statue [200]
[201]


Statue of Fredrick Douglas Rochester New York July 5 Statue smashed into bits overnight [202]
[203] 		Statue was removed from Maplewood Park, a site along the Underground Railroad where Douglas and Harriet Tubman helped shuttle slaves to freedom. Removal also occurred on the anniversary of one of Douglas' anti-slavery speeches

United Kingdom

Main article: Actions against memorials in the United Kingdom during the George Floyd protests

Atlantic slave trade

See also: List of public statues of individuals linked to the Atlantic slave trade

The British Royal African Company, which engaged in African slave trading between 1662 and 1731,[204] enslaved and shipped more Africans to the Americas than any other institution in the history of the Atlantic slave trade.[205] Many wealthy British people were involved with this and other slaving companies.

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Statue of Edward Colston Statue of Edward Colston Bristol – June 7 Toppled by protesters The statue of Edward Colston, a slave trader, was toppled and thrown into the Bristol Harbour by protesters. [206]


Statue of Robert Milligan Statue of Robert Milligan London June 9 June 9 Removed by local authorities Statue of Robert Milligan, a Scottish merchant and slave trader, outside the Museum of London Docklands. It was removed following a request from the Canal & River Trust. [207]


Statue of Sir John Cass London June 11 June 11 Removed by owner Statue of Sir John Cass at the University of East London Stratford Campus. [208]
[209]


Statue of Sir Robert Clayton Statue of Sir Robert Clayton London June 11 – Plans for removal by owner Statue of Sir Robert Clayton at St Thomas' Hospital. On June 11 the Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, the Guy's and St Thomas' Charity, and King's College London issued a joint statement announcing that the statues of Clayton and Thomas Guy would be removed from public view. [210]


Statue of Thomas Guy Statue of Thomas Guy London June 11 – Plans for removal by owner Statue of Thomas Guy at Guy's Hospital. On June 11 the Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, the Guy's and St Thomas' Charity, and King's College London issued a joint statement announcing that the statues of Guy and Sir Robert Clayton would be removed from public view. [210]


Statue of Sir John Cass Statue of John Cass London June 12 – Plans for removal by owner Statue of Sir John Cass on the façade of 31 Jewry Street in the City of London, the headquarters of Sir John Cass's Foundation. This statue is a fiberglass replica of the original. [208]
[211]


Statue and bust of Sir John Cass London June 16 Removed by owner Statue and bust of Sir John Cass at Sir John Cass Redcoat School, Stepney. The school's governing body voted unanimously on June 16 for the immediate removal of the sculptures. [212]


Bust of Sir John Cass Bust of Sir John Cass London June 18 June 18 Removed by church Bust of Sir John Cass in St Botolph's Church, Aldgate. [213]
[214]


Others

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Part of Green Man inn sign Ashbourne, Derbyshire c. June 7 June 8 Removed by local residents Wooden sculpture of a caricatured "black's head". After a Facebook petition calling for its removal attracted close to 30,000 signatures, the district council announced that on June 9 it would be removing the sculpture. Before this could happen, it was removed by two local residents on the night of June 8. [215]


Dunham Massey Hall sundial Dunham Massey Hall Sundial Trafford, Greater Manchester June 11 June 11 Removed by the National Trust Statue of an exoticised black man (described as "degrading"), in a kneeling position and carrying a sundial, formerly installed in the forecourt of Dunham Massey Hall. [216]
[217]


Statue of Cecil Rhodes Statue of Cecil Rhodes Oxford June 17 Owner's wish for removal stated to independent commission Statue of Cecil Rhodes on the façade of the Rhodes Building, Oriel College; a target of the Rhodes Must Fall movement since 2015. On 17 June the college announced that its governing body had voted to launch an independent inquiry into the issues surrounding the sculpture. It stated that the body had "expressed their wish to remove the statue" to the commission. [218]
[219]


Portrait bust of Cecil Rhodes Portrait bust of Cecil Rhodes Oxford June 17 – Owner's wish for removal stated to independent commission Plaque at 6 King Edward Street commemorating Rhodes's residence there in 1881. In Oriel College's statement of 17 June the governing body "expressed their wish to remove [...] the King Edward Street Plaque" in addition to Rhodes's statue. [219]
[220]

}}


Belgium

See also: George Floyd protests in Belgium

King Leopold II of Belgium personally ruled the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908, treating it as his personal property. During this period, many well-documented atrocities were perpetrated against the population, including the severing of hands of workers unable to meet a production quota for rubber, and the destruction of entire villages that were unwilling to participate in the forced labour regime. These acts contributed to a significant population decline during this period, often estimated at between five million and ten million.

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Statue of Leopold II Statue of Leopold II Antwerp
(Ekeren) 		June 9 June 9 Removed by municipality Removed after it had been vandalized and set on fire. [221]
[222]


Bust of Leopold II Mons – Removed by university authorities Removed from Faculty of Economics and Management at University of Mons following online petition for removal. Permanently placed in storage. [223]
[224]


Bust of Leopold II Leuven – Removed by university authorities Removed from University Library at KU Leuven. Placed in storage.[b] [225]
[226]


Bust of Leopold II Ghent – June 30 Removed by crane following a short ceremony Removed from Zuidpark [nl] on the 60th anniversary of Congo's independence, and moved to a warehouse in STAM. [227]
[228]
[229]

New Zealand

See also: George Floyd protests in New Zealand

Royal Navy officer John Fane Charles Hamilton, after whom the city of Hamilton, New Zealand is named, played a prominent part in the Tauranga campaign of the New Zealand Wars.

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Statue of John Fane Charles Hamilton Statue of John Fane Charles Hamilton Hamilton June 12 June 12 Removed by city City Council announced removal after request by Maori tribal confederation Waikato Tainui [230]
[231]

India

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Equestrian statue of Mark Cubbon Bangalore, India June 28 A controversial statue of Sir Mark Cubbon, an English colonial administrator, moved from front of the High Court of Karnataka building to Cubbon Park. See Mark Cubbon#Death and after. [232]
[233].

South Africa

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Statue of Martinus Theunis Steyn Bloemfontein, South Africa Not announced June 27 Statue in front of University of the Free State. [234]

Removals under consideration

Some officials have announced their decisions to remove monuments under their jurisdiction, and are currently working to push through whatever legislative or permission barriers they need to accomplish their goals.

  • Florida: Protestors at Florida State University, Tallahassee, call for removal of the Eppes Statue, at the original entrance to the campus; he was a slaveowner who was influential in the founding of Florida State. The building of the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice is also named for him.[236]
  • Louisiana: East Feliciana Parish Police Jury announced June 15, 2020 that they will revisit in two weeks the issue of a possible removal of a Confederate statue that sits outside their courthouse.[237]
  • Michigan: The Allendale Township Board will vote on June 30, 2020, on whether to keep a statue depicting a Confederate and Union soldier standing back-to-back with a young slave crouched between them at their feet. [240][241]
  • Mississippi: Forrest County Supervisors passed a measure on June 15, 2020. In November, voters will decide about the removal of a Confederate monument in front of their courthouse.[242]
  • Texas: Weatherford: The United Daughters of the Confederacy asked for the removal of the United Confederate Veterans of Parker County monument in front of the Parker County Courthouse.[244]
  • Virginia: The city of Newport News has decided to remove a Confederate monument near Old Courthouse Way. They shrouded it to prevent vandalism and will petition the Department of Historic Resources after July 1, 2020 to allow removal. June 15, 2020[245]
  • Virginia: Virginia Beach City Council announced on June 12, 2020 that they covered and fenced the Confederate monument sitting at the Old Princess Anne County Courthouse until after July 1, 2020 when the city will have the authority to make decisions about the monument. A public hearing will be scheduled in July 2020.[246]

Other works of art

United States

Artwork City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Ceiling mural in the lobby of McGill–Toolen Catholic High School Mobile Alabama June 3 June 3 Removed by school A mural in McGill–Toolen Catholic High School reproduces the former seal of Mobile, which included the Confederate flag. The Archdiocese of Mobile painted over the Confederate flag section so that it now resembles the Alabama state flag. [247]


Fresco in Memorial Hall Lexington Kentucky June 5 – Plans for removal by school The fresco in the foyer of University of Kentucky's Memorial Hall has been criticized for its romanticized depiction of African-American slaves. The University President announced that it would be removed. [248]
[249]
[250]


Frank Rizzo Mural File:Rizzo Mural.jpg Philadelphia Pennsylvania June 7 June 7 Painted over by city Mural painted over in the early morning. [251]
[252]


America Receiving the Gifts of Nations America Receiving the Gifts of Nations Camden New Jersey June 18 Reported covered on June 23 Covered by university The mosaic on the façade of the main entrance to the former Cooper Branch Library, now a building of Rutgers University–Camden, depicts Columbus, and indigenous people in subservient positions. Obscured while the university explores long-term options. [253]
[254]
[255]


Stained glass window in the Cathedral of the Rockies Boise Idaho June 18 – Removal ordered by church The stained glass window depicts Robert E. Lee standing next to George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. It will be donated to the Idaho Black History Museum if it is removed intact. [256]


Four Confederate portraits in the United States Capitol Portrait of Charles Frederick Crisp – Washington, D.C. June 18 June 19 Removal ordered by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi Removal of portraits of four House Speakers who served in the Confederacy – Robert M. T. Hunter, Howell Cobb, James Lawrence Orr, and Charles Frederick Crisp (pictured) – on Juneteenth. [257]


United Kingdom

Artwork Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Stained glass windows in Bristol Cathedral and St Mary Redcliffe Bristol Cathedral. The stained glass window in question is the large one on the left of the picture Bristol June 15 June 16 Removed by the Diocese of Bristol Window panes commemorating Edward Colston at the parish church were removed, and similar panes at the cathedral have been covered up until they can be safely removed. [258]


Portraits of governors and directors of the Bank of England London June 18 – Plans for removal by the Bank The Bank is conducting a review of its collection of portraits of former governors and directors, in order to ensure that none depicting figures involved in the slave trade remain on display. [259]


Sir Ronald Fisher window at Gonville and Caius College Stained glass window Cambridge June 26 – Plans for removal by the college The window commemorates Sir Ronald Fisher, a statistician and eugenicist. It is one of a series of windows marking scientific discoveries made by former members of the college, and depicts a Latin square, studied by Fisher. The college announced in a statement that it would remove the window, subject to listed building consent. [260]

[261]


Plaques

United States

Plaque City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
University of Alabama Confederate Army plaques Tuscaloosa Alabama June 8 – Removed by school The three plaques near the library commemorate University students who joined the Confederate military and University cadets who helped defend the campus. The University stated that they "will be placed at a more appropriate historical setting." [262]
[263]


John H. Winder plaque Salisbury Maryland June 12 June 12 Removed by Wicomico County The plaque was located next to the Wicomico County Courthouse. It was personally removed by Wicomico County officials. [264]


Woodrow Wilson's desk as Governor (plaque) Trenton New Jersey Announced July 2 No longer being used by Phil Murphy, Governor of New Jersey [265] {{{9}}}
Maryland State House plaque Annapolis Maryland June 15 Removal approved by Maryland State House Trust The plaque was installed during the Civil Rights Movement. It honors Marylanders who fought on both sides of the Civil War; the plaque claims not to "take sides." [266]


United Kingdom

Plaque Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Description Ref
Plaque to Sir Thomas Picton Sir Thomas Picton blue plaque Haverfordwest – June 10 Removed at the request of the building's owner Blue plaque marking the birthplace of Sir Thomas Picton. The building's owner had the plaque removed due to fears that it could be targeted by protesters. The plaque will be displayed in Haverfordwest Town Museum from 2021. [267]


Plaque to Sir Edward Codrington Sir Edward Codrington blue plaque Brighton – June 12 Removed by the building's managing agent Blue plaque marking the residence of Sir Edward Codrington at Codrington Mansion, Western Road. [268]


Buildings

The following buildings were destroyed, torn down, or heavily damaged during the George Floyd protests due to their connections to African American mistreatment or the Confederacy through slavery, the Lost Cause movement, segregation, or racism.

Building City State Date of incident Description Ref
Market House Market House Building Fayetteville North Carolina May 30 The Market House Building, a tourist attraction and museum on the site of a former slave market, was set on fire by demonstrators chanting "Black Lives Matter". The demonstrators used wood pallets to encourage a larger fire. [269]
[270]


Memorial to the Women of the Confederacy Memorial to the Women of the Confederacy Richmond Virginia May 31 The national headquarters of the United Daughters of the Confederacy was set on fire. Windows were broken and fire set to the curtains hanging in the building's Library. Flames covered most of the front of the building. There was extensive smoke and water damage throughout the building and charring on the building's Georgia marble façade. All the books in the building's library incurred some damage and library shelving was destroyed. Some Stonewall Jackson memorabilia, including his Confederate flag, were destroyed. [271]
[272]
[271]
[273]
[274]


See also

Notes

  1. ^ Also known as the "Daughters of the Confederacy Monument".
  2. ^ Rector Luc Sels's statement on the issue leaves open the possibility of the bust eventually coming out of storage.[225]

References

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Further reading

External links

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