Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal: Difference between revisions

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| death_place = [[Santarém District]]
| death_place = [[Santarém District]]
| burial_place = [[Batalha Monastery]]
| burial_place = [[Batalha Monastery]]
| spouse = [[Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1470-1498)|Isabella, Princess of Asturias]]
| spouse = [[Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1470–1498)|Isabella, Princess of Asturias]]
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]
}}
}}
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Afonso's grandfather [[Afonso V of Portugal]] had sided with [[Joanna la Beltraneja]] who was a rival for the throne of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] against her half-aunt, Queen [[Isabella I of Castile]]. She was never considered legitimate and, when the king was dying, no one took her as a serious contender for the crown. Isabella was due to inherit the crown, but Afonso V was keen to interfere with the succession in Castile. In 1475 he married his niece Joanna, whom he considered the legitimate heir to the crown. Since her adulteress mother was his own sister, Afonso V had not only ambition, but the family honour to protect. He proclaimed himself King of Castile and León and prepared to defend his wife's rights.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=507–508}}
Afonso's grandfather [[Afonso V of Portugal]] had sided with [[Joanna la Beltraneja]] who was a rival for the throne of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] against her half-aunt, Queen [[Isabella I of Castile]]. She was never considered legitimate and, when the king was dying, no one took her as a serious contender for the crown. Isabella was due to inherit the crown, but Afonso V was keen to interfere with the succession in Castile. In 1475 he married his niece Joanna, whom he considered the legitimate heir to the crown. Since her adulteress mother was his own sister, Afonso V had not only ambition, but the family honour to protect. He proclaimed himself King of Castile and León and prepared to defend his wife's rights.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=507–508}}


King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]] and Isabella, however, won the war of succession and, as part of the [[Treaty of Alcáçovas]], signed in 1479, it was agreed that their eldest daughter [[Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1470-1498)|Isabella]] would marry Afonso.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=527, 533}}{{Sfn|Álvarez-Palenzuela|2006|p=}} Isabella was also to come with a very large dowry that in practice represented the war compensation obtained by Portugal. In 1480, Prince Afonso, who at that time was five years old, went to live in the town of [[Moura, Portugal|Moura]] with his maternal grandmother, [[Beatrice, Duchess of Viseu|Beatrice]]. In the early months of the following year, his future wife, the ten-year-old Isabella, joined him and lived there for about two years.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=528, 534}}
King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]] and Isabella, however, won the war of succession and, as part of the [[Treaty of Alcáçovas]], signed in 1479, it was agreed that their eldest daughter [[Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1470–1498)|Isabella]] would marry Afonso.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=527, 533}}{{Sfn|Álvarez-Palenzuela|2006|p=}} Isabella was also to come with a very large dowry that in practice represented the war compensation obtained by Portugal. In 1480, Prince Afonso, who at that time was five years old, went to live in the town of [[Moura, Portugal|Moura]] with his maternal grandmother, [[Beatrice, Duchess of Viseu|Beatrice]]. In the early months of the following year, his future wife, the ten-year-old Isabella, joined him and lived there for about two years.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=528, 534}}


The wedding, by [[Proxy marriage|proxy]], took place ten years later in the spring of 1490 in [[Seville]].{{Sfn|Fernández Álvarez|2003|p=266}}{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=534}} On 19 November of that year, Isabella arrived in [[Badajoz]] where she was welcomed by Afonso's uncle, Manuel, the future King [[Manuel I of Portugal]], whom she would eventually marry six years after her husband's death. Afonso and Isabella were reunited in [[Elvas]] on 22 November and, on the following day, Isabella met her mother-in-law, Queen Eleanor, in the Convento do Espinheiro in [[Évora]], where the court had gathered to ratify the marriage that had been celebrated earlier in Seville.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=535}}
The wedding, by [[Proxy marriage|proxy]], took place ten years later in the spring of 1490 in [[Seville]].{{Sfn|Fernández Álvarez|2003|p=266}}{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=534}} On 19 November of that year, Isabella arrived in [[Badajoz]] where she was welcomed by Afonso's uncle, Manuel, the future King [[Manuel I of Portugal]], whom she would eventually marry six years after her husband's death. Afonso and Isabella were reunited in [[Elvas]] on 22 November and, on the following day, Isabella met her mother-in-law, Queen Eleanor, in the Convento do Espinheiro in [[Évora]], where the court had gathered to ratify the marriage that had been celebrated earlier in Seville.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=535}}
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{{quote|...na força do correr, o cavalo do príncipe caiu, e o levou debaixo de si, onde logo de improviso ficou como morto, sem fala e sem sentidos. ("...running at a great speed, the Prince's horse fell, dragging (the prince) under him, where he remained, seemingly dead, without speaking and having lost his senses").{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=536}}}}
{{quote|...na força do correr, o cavalo do príncipe caiu, e o levou debaixo de si, onde logo de improviso ficou como morto, sem fala e sem sentidos. ("...running at a great speed, the Prince's horse fell, dragging (the prince) under him, where he remained, seemingly dead, without speaking and having lost his senses").{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=536}}}}


According to the same author, when Afonso's mother heard the news of the accident, stricken with grief, she ran, riding on a mule, accompanied by her daughter-in-law, to be with her son who was lying on the ground. Nothing could be done. As a sign of mourning, his parents decided to dress in black. The funeral rites were held at [[Batalha Monastery]] and Prince Afonso was buried there, also the resting place of his grandfather King Afonso V.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=536-537}} His widow, Infanta Isabella, returned to Castile and even before the [[Granada War#Last stand at Granada|siege of Granada]] was lifted, she joined her parents in [[Íllora]]. The [[Catholic Monarchs]] abandoned the camp temporarily to be with their daughter and to console her.{{Sfn|Fernández Álvarez|2003|p=266}}
According to the same author, when Afonso's mother heard the news of the accident, stricken with grief, she ran, riding on a mule, accompanied by her daughter-in-law, to be with her son who was lying on the ground. Nothing could be done. As a sign of mourning, his parents decided to dress in black. The funeral rites were held at [[Batalha Monastery]] and Prince Afonso was buried there, also the resting place of his grandfather King Afonso V.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=536–537}} His widow, Infanta Isabella, returned to Castile and even before the [[Granada War#Last stand at Granada|siege of Granada]] was lifted, she joined her parents in [[Íllora]]. The [[Catholic Monarchs]] abandoned the camp temporarily to be with their daughter and to console her.{{Sfn|Fernández Álvarez|2003|p=266}}


==Aftermath==
==Aftermath==
King John tried without success until the end of his life to legitimize the ten-year-old [[Jorge, Duke of Coimbra]], his illegitimate son. His wife, Queen Eleanor, was adamantly against having the king's bastard son occupy the throne, an opinion shared by the Catholic Monarchs, who, like Queen Eleanor, supported the claims of the Duke of Beja, Eleanor's brother, as the heir to the throne. In 1494, King John, whose health had worsened, executed his last will in which named his cousin and brother-in-law, the Duke of Beja, his successor. King John died in October 1495 and, in 1497, his successor, the Duke of Beja, now King Manuel I of Portugal married Isabella, Prince Afonso's widow.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=537-541}}
King John tried without success until the end of his life to legitimize the ten-year-old [[Jorge, Duke of Coimbra]], his illegitimate son. His wife, Queen Eleanor, was adamantly against having the king's bastard son occupy the throne, an opinion shared by the Catholic Monarchs, who, like Queen Eleanor, supported the claims of the Duke of Beja, Eleanor's brother, as the heir to the throne. In 1494, King John, whose health had worsened, executed his last will in which named his cousin and brother-in-law, the Duke of Beja, his successor. King John died in October 1495 and, in 1497, his successor, the Duke of Beja, now King Manuel I of Portugal married Isabella, Prince Afonso's widow.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=537–541}}


==Ancestry==
==Ancestry==
Line 65: Line 65:
|16= 16. [[John I of Portugal]]<ref name="Stephens1903"/> (= 20, 24, 28)
|16= 16. [[John I of Portugal]]<ref name="Stephens1903"/> (= 20, 24, 28)
|17= 17. [[Philippa of Lancaster]]<ref name="Stephens1903"/> (= 21, 25, 29)
|17= 17. [[Philippa of Lancaster]]<ref name="Stephens1903"/> (= 21, 25, 29)
|18= 18. [[Ferdinand I of Aragon]]<ref name="WWH-Leonora">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/leonora-aragon-1405-1445 |title=Leonora of Aragon (1405–1445) |encyclopedia=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia |publisher=Gale Research |accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>
|18= 18. [[Ferdinand I of Aragon]]<ref name="WWH-Leonora">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/leonora-aragon-1405–1445 |title=Leonora of Aragon (1405–1445) |encyclopedia=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia |publisher=Gale Research |accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>
|19= 19. [[Eleanor of Alburquerque]]<ref name="WWH-Leonora"/>
|19= 19. [[Eleanor of Alburquerque]]<ref name="WWH-Leonora"/>
|20= 20. [[John I of Portugal]]<ref name="EB-Pedro"/> (= 16, 24, 28)
|20= 20. [[John I of Portugal]]<ref name="EB-Pedro"/> (= 16, 24, 28)
Line 86: Line 86:
==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Álvarez Palenzuela|first=Vicente Ángel|title=La guerra civil castellana y el enfrentamiento con Portugal. (1475-1479)|url = http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor-din/la-guerra-civil-castellana-y-el-enfrentamiento-con-portugal-14751479-0/html/00de62f8-82b2-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_2.html#I_4_|year= 2006|publisher=Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes|location=Alicante |chapter=Paz con Portugal|language=ES|isbn= |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Álvarez Palenzuela|first=Vicente Ángel|title=La guerra civil castellana y el enfrentamiento con Portugal. (1475–1479)|url = http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor-din/la-guerra-civil-castellana-y-el-enfrentamiento-con-portugal-14751479-0/html/00de62f8-82b2-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_2.html#I_4_|year= 2006|publisher=Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes|location=Alicante |chapter=Paz con Portugal|language=ES|isbn= |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last= Carabias Torres | first= Ana María | title= Las relaciones entre Portugal y Castilla en la época de los descubrimientos y la expansión colonial | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=t2Zyi4lXfN0C&lpg=PA58&dq=&pg=PA58#v=onepage&q&f=false | publisher= Universidad de Salamanca|year= 1994 |language=ES|isbn= 9788474817928|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last= Carabias Torres | first= Ana María | title= Las relaciones entre Portugal y Castilla en la época de los descubrimientos y la expansión colonial | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=t2Zyi4lXfN0C&lpg=PA58&dq=&pg=PA58#v=onepage&q&f=false | publisher= Universidad de Salamanca|year= 1994 |language=ES|isbn= 9788474817928|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book| last = Fernández Álvarez| first = Manuel|title = Isabel la Católica|year = 2003|publisher = Espasa-Calpe, S.A.|location = Madrid|language=ES|isbn = 84-670-1260-9|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book| last = Fernández Álvarez| first = Manuel|title = Isabel la Católica|year = 2003|publisher = Espasa-Calpe, S.A.|location = Madrid|language=ES|isbn = 84-670-1260-9|ref=harv}}

Revision as of 19:18, 12 July 2018

For the son of John III of Portugal, see Afonso, Prince of Portugal (1526).
Afonso
Prince of Portugal
The Death of Prince Afonso
Born(1475-05-18)18 May 1475
Died13 July 1491(1491-07-13) (aged 16)
Santarém District
Burial
Batalha Monastery
SpouseIsabella, Princess of Asturias
HouseHouse of Aviz
FatherJohn II of Portugal
MotherEleanor of Viseu
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Afonso, Prince of Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈfõsu]; 18 May 1475 – 13 July 1491)[1] was the heir apparent to the throne of Portugal. He was born in Lisbon, Portugal, and died in a horse-riding accident on the banks of the river Tagus.

Heir apparent

Afonso, named after his grandfather, King Afonso V, was the only son King John II and Eleanor of Viseu.[2] The king was very fond of him and named the smaller island of São Tomé and Príncipe after him (Príncipe meaning Prince in the Portuguese language).

Marriage

Afonso's grandfather Afonso V of Portugal had sided with Joanna la Beltraneja who was a rival for the throne of Castile against her half-aunt, Queen Isabella I of Castile. She was never considered legitimate and, when the king was dying, no one took her as a serious contender for the crown. Isabella was due to inherit the crown, but Afonso V was keen to interfere with the succession in Castile. In 1475 he married his niece Joanna, whom he considered the legitimate heir to the crown. Since her adulteress mother was his own sister, Afonso V had not only ambition, but the family honour to protect. He proclaimed himself King of Castile and León and prepared to defend his wife's rights.[3]

King Ferdinand and Isabella, however, won the war of succession and, as part of the Treaty of Alcáçovas, signed in 1479, it was agreed that their eldest daughter Isabella would marry Afonso.[4][5] Isabella was also to come with a very large dowry that in practice represented the war compensation obtained by Portugal. In 1480, Prince Afonso, who at that time was five years old, went to live in the town of Moura with his maternal grandmother, Beatrice. In the early months of the following year, his future wife, the ten-year-old Isabella, joined him and lived there for about two years.[6]

The wedding, by proxy, took place ten years later in the spring of 1490 in Seville.[7][8] On 19 November of that year, Isabella arrived in Badajoz where she was welcomed by Afonso's uncle, Manuel, the future King Manuel I of Portugal, whom she would eventually marry six years after her husband's death. Afonso and Isabella were reunited in Elvas on 22 November and, on the following day, Isabella met her mother-in-law, Queen Eleanor, in the Convento do Espinheiro in Évora, where the court had gathered to ratify the marriage that had been celebrated earlier in Seville.[9]

This wedding had the blessings of both Kingdoms. The queen of Castile, whose mother and nurse were Portuguese, wanted to strengthen the ties with Portugal,[10] and, at the same time, this would allow her to "keep an eye on and control the steps of her eternal rival, Joanna la Beltraneja", through her daughter.[8]

Death

Cloister of Batalha Monastery

In July 1491, the royal family was spending the summer in the Santarém District near the banks of the River Tagus. King John invited his son to swim with him. The young prince refused the invitation at first, but seeing that his father wanted him to keep him company, decided to join him. According to the chronicle of Rui de Pina:

...na força do correr, o cavalo do príncipe caiu, e o levou debaixo de si, onde logo de improviso ficou como morto, sem fala e sem sentidos. ("...running at a great speed, the Prince's horse fell, dragging (the prince) under him, where he remained, seemingly dead, without speaking and having lost his senses").[11]

According to the same author, when Afonso's mother heard the news of the accident, stricken with grief, she ran, riding on a mule, accompanied by her daughter-in-law, to be with her son who was lying on the ground. Nothing could be done. As a sign of mourning, his parents decided to dress in black. The funeral rites were held at Batalha Monastery and Prince Afonso was buried there, also the resting place of his grandfather King Afonso V.[12] His widow, Infanta Isabella, returned to Castile and even before the siege of Granada was lifted, she joined her parents in Íllora. The Catholic Monarchs abandoned the camp temporarily to be with their daughter and to console her.[7]

Aftermath

King John tried without success until the end of his life to legitimize the ten-year-old Jorge, Duke of Coimbra, his illegitimate son. His wife, Queen Eleanor, was adamantly against having the king's bastard son occupy the throne, an opinion shared by the Catholic Monarchs, who, like Queen Eleanor, supported the claims of the Duke of Beja, Eleanor's brother, as the heir to the throne. In 1494, King John, whose health had worsened, executed his last will in which named his cousin and brother-in-law, the Duke of Beja, his successor. King John died in October 1495 and, in 1497, his successor, the Duke of Beja, now King Manuel I of Portugal married Isabella, Prince Afonso's widow.[13]

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 526, 536.
  2. ^ Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, p. 526.
  3. ^ Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 507–508.
  4. ^ Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 527, 533.
  5. ^ Álvarez-Palenzuela 2006.
  6. ^ Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 528, 534.
  7. ^ a b Fernández Álvarez 2003, p. 266.
  8. ^ a b Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, p. 534.
  9. ^ Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, p. 535.
  10. ^ Fernández Álvarez 2003, p. 362.
  11. ^ Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, p. 536.
  12. ^ Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 536–537.
  13. ^ Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 537–541.
  14. ^ a b John II, King of Portgual at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Stephens, Henry Morse (1903). The story of Portugal. G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 125, 139. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  16. ^ a b Afonso V, King of Portugal at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  17. ^ a b c Pedro, 1o duque de Coimbra at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  18. ^ a b c Ryder, Alan (2007). The Wreck of Catalonia: Civil War in the Fifteenth Century. Oxford University Press. p. 152.
  19. ^ a b "Leonora of Aragon (1405–1445)". Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Gale Research. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  20. ^ a b Gerli, E. Michael; Armistead, Samuel G. (2003). Medieval Iberia. Taylor & Francis. p. 182. ISBN 9780415939188. Retrieved 11 July 2018.

Bibliography

Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal
Cadet branch of the House of Burgundy
Born: 18 May 1475 Died: 13 July 1491
Preceded by Prince of Portugal
1481 – 1491 		Succeeded by
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