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==Pastoral care for gay Catholics==
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===Courage International===

In response to the push within the United States for greater recognition within the Church for gay men and lesbian women, [[Terence Cooke|Cardinal Terence Cooke]] of [[New York City]] invited John Harvey to establish a ministry that would reach-out to gay Catholics provided that they abstained from sexual activity and remained [[celibate]]. Harvey worked with Benedict Groeschel of the [[Franciscan Friars of the Renewal]] to establish [[Courage International]]. The first meeting was held in September 1980 at the Shrine of Mother Seton in [[South Ferry, Manhattan|South Ferry]], and chapters were subsequently established in a small number of other countries (Canada, Australia and 11 Latin American and European countries). In the 1990s the organisation was a supporter of [[Conversion therapy]], although it is now neutral on the subject.<ref>https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/courages-new-director-popes-language-accompaniment-very-useful-us</ref>

The group generally consists of laymen and laywomen usually under anonymous discretion, together with a priest, to encourage its members to [[sexual abstinence|abstain]] from acting on their sexual desires and to live [[chastity|chastely]] according to the Catholic Church's teachings on homosexuality".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.couragerc.org/Encourage.html |title=Encourage |accessdate=10 October 2008 |work= |publisher=Courage |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090119111810/http://www.couragerc.org/Encourage.html |archivedate=19 January 2009 |df= }}</ref> Its annual conference in the US usually attracts around 350 delegates.<ref>https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/courages-new-director-popes-language-accompaniment-very-useful-us</ref> The organisation has been criticised by Catholic gay groups such as New Ways Ministry who argue that outreach and welcoming needs to also extend those who do have sexual relationships.<ref>https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/courages-new-director-popes-language-accompaniment-very-useful-us</ref>

===Always our Children===
In 1976, the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]] wrote to American Catholics that gays "should have an active role in the Christian community."<ref>National Conference of Catholic Bishops, To Live in Christ Jesus: A Pastoral Reflection on the Moral Life, 1976, p. 19</ref> In 1991, they called on "all Christians and citizens of good will to confront their own fears about homosexuality and to curb the humor and discrimination that offend homosexual persons. We understand that having a homosexual orientation brings with it enough anxiety, pain and issues related to self-acceptance without society bringing additional prejudicial treatment."<ref>Human Sexuality: A Catholic Perspective for Education and Lifelong Learning, 1991, p. 55</ref>

In 1997, the US Catholic Bishops Conference published a letter entitled ''Always Our Children'', as a pastoral message to parents of gay and bisexual children with guidelines for pastoral ministers. It told parents not to break off contact with a gay or bisexual son or daughter; they should instead look for appropriate counseling both for the child and for themselves. The letter said that, while homosexual orientation is not sinful, homosexual activity is immoral, but gay people must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity, and allowed to participate actively in the Christian community, and even, if living chastely, to hold leadership positions.<ref name=always>[http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/homosexuality/always-our-children.cfm United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, ''Always Our Children: A pastoral message to parents of homosexual children and suggestions for pastoral ministers'']</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stmaryofcelle.org/SMCweb/relig-ed/enlightenment/always.html|title=Always our children|website=www.stmaryofcelle.org}}</ref><ref name="cornwell-breaking">{{Cite book |title=Breaking Faith: The Pope, the People and the Fate of Catholicism |first=John |last=Cornwell |year=2001 |publisher=Viking}}</ref>{{rp|131}}

It added that "it is not sufficient only to avoid unjust discrimination. Homosexual persons 'must be accepted with respect, compassion and sensitivity.'"<ref name=always/> It also noted "an importance and urgency" to minister to those with AIDS, especially considering the impact it had on the gay community, and the bishops "reject[ed] the idea that HIV/AIDS is a direct punishment from God."<ref name=always/> They closed by saying that "nothing in the Bible or in Catholic teaching can be used to justify prejudicial or discriminatory attitudes and behaviors."<ref name=always/>

===Events===
In May 2014, Bishop [[Charles Scicluna]] of Malta attended an event organised by the Maltese Catholic gay rights group Drachma to mark [[International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2014/05/19/malta-bishop-who-described-gay-unions-as-a-grave-moral-act-meets-with-gay-catholics/|title=Malta: Bishop who described gay unions as a 'grave moral act' meets with gay Catholics|publisher=}}</ref>

In October 2016, [[Robert W. McElroy]], the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of San Diego|Bishop of San Diego]] held a diocesan synod on the family that called for improved ministry toward gay and lesbian Catholics.

In June 2017, Cardinal [[Joseph Tobin]], [[Archbishop of Newark]] in the USA, held a "Pilgrimage" Mass specifically for LGBT Catholics from around New York and the five dioceses in New Jersey at the [[Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart]]. Many of the attendees were married to same-sex spouses, and participated in the Sacrament of Holy Communion. It was reported, however, that Tobin subsequently received an amount of hate-mail from Catholics opposed to the move. The director of [[New Ways Ministry]] indicated that this was a positive first step, contrasting with a church leadership that has for decades "been so silent, and unwilling to dialogue, and unwilling to pray with L.G.B.T. Catholics". The event was organized by gay ministries within the Church of the Sacred Heart in South Plainfield, New Jersey, and the Church of the Precious Blood in Monmouth Beach.<ref name="auto"/>

===Comments===

In Ireland, Archbishop [[Diarmuid Martin]] of Dublin reacted to concerns over anti-gay comments in the media by saying that "anybody who doesn't show love towards gay and lesbian people is insulting God. They are not just homophobic if they do that — they are actually Godophobic because God loves every one of those people."<ref name="Huffington Post"/> In April 2016, the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lexington|Bishop of Lexington]] in Kentucky, [[John Stowe]], spoke at a New Ways Ministry national conference and indicated that he admired and respected LGBT people who remained steadfast to the church even though the church had not always been as welcoming.<ref>https://www.newwaysministry.org/2017/05/22/symposium-bishop-stowe-brings-message-of-admiration-and-respect/
</ref>

Cardinal [[Blase Cupich]] of Chicago has also suggested that the Catholic Church should respect and use words such as "gay" and "lesbian" as a way of more effectively reaching out to the LGBT community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newnownext.com/blase-cupich-chicago-gay/07/2017/|title=Catholic Cardinal Has Crazy Idea To Call Gay People “Gay People”|publisher=}}</ref>

In 2017 the diocese of Jefferson City, Missouri said it would permit transgender students in its Catholic schools.{{fact|date=March 2018}}

===Synods on the family===
====2014====
At the 2014 [[Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops|Synod on the Family]], the interim report asked if the Church was capable of guaranteeing gay Catholics "a place of fellowship in our communities" and "accepting and valuing their sexual orientation, without compromising Catholic doctrine on the family and matrimony."<ref name=Relatio/> It added that gay people have "gifts and qualities to offer the Christian community."<ref name="Advocate"/> Cardinal [[Donald Wuerl]] argued that it was "not so much a change in the teaching of the Church, but a way of saying it that is far more inviting, far more welcoming."<ref name="CNNWuerl"/>

The final report speaks of the giving of appropriate pastoral care, in harmony with the Church's teaching, to LGBT Catholics and that gay people "ought to be received with respect and sensitivity."<ref name=Consensus/> After the vote, Archbishop [[Paul-André Durocher]] wrote on his blog that "I have the impression many would have preferred a more open, positive language. Not finding it in this paragraph, they might have chosen to indicate their disapproval of it."<ref name=durocher/> Cardinal [[Vincent Nichols]] said he did not think it a good paragraph, because the absence of the key words "respect", "welcome", and "value," meant it did not go far enough.<ref name=hopes/> He gave assurance that there was no question in the synod of endorsing the idea of same-sex marriage or of changing the Church's teaching on sexual morality.<ref name=letter/> Other bishops worried that more welcoming language "could be read as code-words for the Catholic Church going soft on its moral teaching."<ref name=water/>

The interim report's statements on homosexuality were described by gay rights advocates as "a seismic shift in tone toward acceptance of gays."<ref name=dismayed/><ref name=stuns/><ref name=compassion/> One priest commentator said that the language used "represents a revolutionary change in how the church addresses the [[LGBT]] community," pointing to the document's lack of use of phrases such as "intrinsically disordered."<ref name="Advocate" /> The attitude change on homosexuality signaled by the interim report was welcomed by gay groups such as [[DignityUSA]], who said that the "positive language" used "is more affirming and will give many people hope."<ref name="Advocate" />

====2015====
At the larger [[Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops|follow up Synod on the Family in 2015]], [[Courage International]] and [[Ignatius Press]] sponsored an event at the [[Angelicum]] on homosexuality that featured Cardinals [[Robert Sarah]] and [[George Pell]].<ref name=uphill/><ref name=ferment/> The Global Network of Rainbow Catholics also held an event that they said hoped would bring "LGBT voices to the Synod" at the Centre for Pilgrims Santa Teresa Couderc.<ref name=uphill/><ref name=ferment/>

During the Synod debates, the rejection of "exclusionary language" towards gays was a topic of discussion.<ref name=playing/> One Synod member, who was not publicly identified, said that gay Catholics "are our children. They are family members. They are not outsiders. They are our flesh and blood. How do we speak about them [positively] and offer a hand of welcome?"<ref name=playing/><ref name=only/> According to Archbishop [[Mark Coleridge]] of Australia, there was strong support in the early days of the assembly for using a "less condemnatory approach," especially regarding language, when pastorally caring for and speaking about gay Catholics, on the order of 70% in favor and 30% opposed.<ref name=Coleridge/>

Archbishop [[Charles Chaput]] of the United States echoed this thought in an interview, saying that the phrase "intrinsically disordered" turns people off and "probably isn’t useful anymore."<ref name=rock/> While making clear that any new language adopted should make clear the Church's teaching, he said that this particular phrase should be put "on the shelf for a while, until we get over the negativity related to it."<ref name=rock/> Irish Archbishop [[Diarmuid Martin]] also told the assembly that the successful campaign in his country to legalize gay marriage used "what was traditionally our language: equality, compassion, respect and tolerance."<ref name=same/>

The final report repeated Church teaching that every person, gay or straight, should be treated with dignity and not face unjust discrimination, but also reaffirmed that marriage was between a man and a woman.<ref name=integrate/> It did not describe how the Church should minister directly to them, but did say that there should be outreach.<ref name=integrate/>

===Building a Bridge===
In 2017, Rev. [[James Martin (priest)|James Martin]], a Jesuit priest in the US published "Building a Bridge: How the Catholic Church and the L.G.B.T. Community Can Enter Into a Relationship of Respect, Compassion and Sensitivity." In the book, Martin outlines several ways each side can treat the other more charitably:<ref name=bridge>{{cite news | url = https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2016/10/30/james-martin-sj-we-need-build-bridge-between-lgbt-community-and-catholic-church | title = James Martin, S.J.: We need to build a bridge between LGBT community and the Catholic Church. | first = James | last = Martin, S.J. | date = 30 October 2016 | magazine = America | accessdate = 12 March 2018 }}</ref> for example, calling on church leaders to use terms like "gay" and "L.G.B.T.," instead of phrases like "afflicted with same-sex attraction."

Martin also argued that to expect a sinless lifestyle from gay Catholics, but not from any other group, is a form of "unjust discrimination" and that gay people should not be fired for marrying a same-sex spouse. Cardinal [[Joseph Tobin]] and Cardinal [[Kevin Farrell]] contributed blurbs to the book.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/13/nyregion/catholic-church-gays-mass-newark-cathedral.html|title=As Church Shifts, a Cardinal Welcomes Gays; They Embrace a 'Miracle'|first=Sharon|last=Otterman|date=13 June 2017|publisher=|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> However, a number of Catholic institutes, including The Theological College in Washington, The Order of the Holy Sepulchre in New York, and [[Cafod]] in the UK subsequently cancelled events at which Martin was due to speak after pressure from conservative Catholics who threatened to withhold funding. [[Robert W. McElroy|Robert McElroy]], the Bishop of San Diego, rallied to support Martin and criticized those that had tried to vilify him and distort his writings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/09/21/catholic-institutions-block-lectures-by-priest-because-he-supports-gay-equality/|title=Catholic institutions block lectures by priest because he supports gay equality|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/16/nyregion/james-martin-gay-catholics-criticism.html|title=Jesuit Priest Stands Up for Gay Catholics, Then Faces Backlash|date=16 September 2017|publisher=|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>

===2018 Synod on Youth===
The [[Fifteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops|2018 Synod of Bishops]] is focused on youth and the issues facing them. Among other topics, the concerns of LGBT youth will be discussed for the first time.<ref name=questions/><ref name=summit/>

In responses to surveys distributed by the Church, many LBGT youth said they wish to "‘benefit from a greater closeness’ and experience greater care from the Church."<ref name=summit/><ref name=questions/> As such, the concerns of gay youth "who, above all, want to remain close to the Church," will be a special concern.<ref name=summit/> The preparatory working document also insisted that the Church must be open and welcoming to all, including LGBT Catholics, those of other faiths, and those of no faith at all.<ref name=questions/> Secretary General [[Lorenzo Baldisseri]] said at the release of the working document that the Church is making a special effort to engage the LGBT community because "we are open. We don't want to be closed in on ourselves."<ref name=questions/>

The Synod will also discuss the challenges the Church sometimes has in explaining [[Theology of the Body|the Church's teaching on sexuality]] to contemporary society.<ref name=summit/><ref name=questions/> Saying that "No bishops’ conference offers solutions or recipes,” the document insists that "the question of sexuality must be discussed more openly and without prejudice."<ref name=questions/>

Revision as of 08:50, 22 June 2018

Pastoral care for gay Catholics

Courage International

In response to the push within the United States for greater recognition within the Church for gay men and lesbian women, Cardinal Terence Cooke of New York City invited John Harvey to establish a ministry that would reach-out to gay Catholics provided that they abstained from sexual activity and remained celibate. Harvey worked with Benedict Groeschel of the Franciscan Friars of the Renewal to establish Courage International. The first meeting was held in September 1980 at the Shrine of Mother Seton in South Ferry, and chapters were subsequently established in a small number of other countries (Canada, Australia and 11 Latin American and European countries). In the 1990s the organisation was a supporter of Conversion therapy, although it is now neutral on the subject.[1]

The group generally consists of laymen and laywomen usually under anonymous discretion, together with a priest, to encourage its members to abstain from acting on their sexual desires and to live chastely according to the Catholic Church's teachings on homosexuality".[2] Its annual conference in the US usually attracts around 350 delegates.[3] The organisation has been criticised by Catholic gay groups such as New Ways Ministry who argue that outreach and welcoming needs to also extend those who do have sexual relationships.[4]

Always our Children

In 1976, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops wrote to American Catholics that gays "should have an active role in the Christian community."[5] In 1991, they called on "all Christians and citizens of good will to confront their own fears about homosexuality and to curb the humor and discrimination that offend homosexual persons. We understand that having a homosexual orientation brings with it enough anxiety, pain and issues related to self-acceptance without society bringing additional prejudicial treatment."[6]

In 1997, the US Catholic Bishops Conference published a letter entitled Always Our Children, as a pastoral message to parents of gay and bisexual children with guidelines for pastoral ministers. It told parents not to break off contact with a gay or bisexual son or daughter; they should instead look for appropriate counseling both for the child and for themselves. The letter said that, while homosexual orientation is not sinful, homosexual activity is immoral, but gay people must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity, and allowed to participate actively in the Christian community, and even, if living chastely, to hold leadership positions.[7][8][9]: 131 

It added that "it is not sufficient only to avoid unjust discrimination. Homosexual persons 'must be accepted with respect, compassion and sensitivity.'"[7] It also noted "an importance and urgency" to minister to those with AIDS, especially considering the impact it had on the gay community, and the bishops "reject[ed] the idea that HIV/AIDS is a direct punishment from God."[7] They closed by saying that "nothing in the Bible or in Catholic teaching can be used to justify prejudicial or discriminatory attitudes and behaviors."[7]

Events

In May 2014, Bishop Charles Scicluna of Malta attended an event organised by the Maltese Catholic gay rights group Drachma to mark International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia.[10]

In October 2016, Robert W. McElroy, the Bishop of San Diego held a diocesan synod on the family that called for improved ministry toward gay and lesbian Catholics.

In June 2017, Cardinal Joseph Tobin, Archbishop of Newark in the USA, held a "Pilgrimage" Mass specifically for LGBT Catholics from around New York and the five dioceses in New Jersey at the Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Many of the attendees were married to same-sex spouses, and participated in the Sacrament of Holy Communion. It was reported, however, that Tobin subsequently received an amount of hate-mail from Catholics opposed to the move. The director of New Ways Ministry indicated that this was a positive first step, contrasting with a church leadership that has for decades "been so silent, and unwilling to dialogue, and unwilling to pray with L.G.B.T. Catholics". The event was organized by gay ministries within the Church of the Sacred Heart in South Plainfield, New Jersey, and the Church of the Precious Blood in Monmouth Beach.[11]

Comments

In Ireland, Archbishop Diarmuid Martin of Dublin reacted to concerns over anti-gay comments in the media by saying that "anybody who doesn't show love towards gay and lesbian people is insulting God. They are not just homophobic if they do that — they are actually Godophobic because God loves every one of those people."[12] In April 2016, the Bishop of Lexington in Kentucky, John Stowe, spoke at a New Ways Ministry national conference and indicated that he admired and respected LGBT people who remained steadfast to the church even though the church had not always been as welcoming.[13]

Cardinal Blase Cupich of Chicago has also suggested that the Catholic Church should respect and use words such as "gay" and "lesbian" as a way of more effectively reaching out to the LGBT community.[14]

In 2017 the diocese of Jefferson City, Missouri said it would permit transgender students in its Catholic schools.[citation needed]

Synods on the family

2014

At the 2014 Synod on the Family, the interim report asked if the Church was capable of guaranteeing gay Catholics "a place of fellowship in our communities" and "accepting and valuing their sexual orientation, without compromising Catholic doctrine on the family and matrimony."[15] It added that gay people have "gifts and qualities to offer the Christian community."[16] Cardinal Donald Wuerl argued that it was "not so much a change in the teaching of the Church, but a way of saying it that is far more inviting, far more welcoming."[17]

The final report speaks of the giving of appropriate pastoral care, in harmony with the Church's teaching, to LGBT Catholics and that gay people "ought to be received with respect and sensitivity."[18] After the vote, Archbishop Paul-André Durocher wrote on his blog that "I have the impression many would have preferred a more open, positive language. Not finding it in this paragraph, they might have chosen to indicate their disapproval of it."[19] Cardinal Vincent Nichols said he did not think it a good paragraph, because the absence of the key words "respect", "welcome", and "value," meant it did not go far enough.[20] He gave assurance that there was no question in the synod of endorsing the idea of same-sex marriage or of changing the Church's teaching on sexual morality.[21] Other bishops worried that more welcoming language "could be read as code-words for the Catholic Church going soft on its moral teaching."[22]

The interim report's statements on homosexuality were described by gay rights advocates as "a seismic shift in tone toward acceptance of gays."[23][24][25] One priest commentator said that the language used "represents a revolutionary change in how the church addresses the LGBT community," pointing to the document's lack of use of phrases such as "intrinsically disordered."[16] The attitude change on homosexuality signaled by the interim report was welcomed by gay groups such as DignityUSA, who said that the "positive language" used "is more affirming and will give many people hope."[16]

2015

At the larger follow up Synod on the Family in 2015, Courage International and Ignatius Press sponsored an event at the Angelicum on homosexuality that featured Cardinals Robert Sarah and George Pell.[26][27] The Global Network of Rainbow Catholics also held an event that they said hoped would bring "LGBT voices to the Synod" at the Centre for Pilgrims Santa Teresa Couderc.[26][27]

During the Synod debates, the rejection of "exclusionary language" towards gays was a topic of discussion.[28] One Synod member, who was not publicly identified, said that gay Catholics "are our children. They are family members. They are not outsiders. They are our flesh and blood. How do we speak about them [positively] and offer a hand of welcome?"[28][29] According to Archbishop Mark Coleridge of Australia, there was strong support in the early days of the assembly for using a "less condemnatory approach," especially regarding language, when pastorally caring for and speaking about gay Catholics, on the order of 70% in favor and 30% opposed.[30]

Archbishop Charles Chaput of the United States echoed this thought in an interview, saying that the phrase "intrinsically disordered" turns people off and "probably isn’t useful anymore."[31] While making clear that any new language adopted should make clear the Church's teaching, he said that this particular phrase should be put "on the shelf for a while, until we get over the negativity related to it."[31] Irish Archbishop Diarmuid Martin also told the assembly that the successful campaign in his country to legalize gay marriage used "what was traditionally our language: equality, compassion, respect and tolerance."[32]

The final report repeated Church teaching that every person, gay or straight, should be treated with dignity and not face unjust discrimination, but also reaffirmed that marriage was between a man and a woman.[33] It did not describe how the Church should minister directly to them, but did say that there should be outreach.[33]

Building a Bridge

In 2017, Rev. James Martin, a Jesuit priest in the US published "Building a Bridge: How the Catholic Church and the L.G.B.T. Community Can Enter Into a Relationship of Respect, Compassion and Sensitivity." In the book, Martin outlines several ways each side can treat the other more charitably:[34] for example, calling on church leaders to use terms like "gay" and "L.G.B.T.," instead of phrases like "afflicted with same-sex attraction."

Martin also argued that to expect a sinless lifestyle from gay Catholics, but not from any other group, is a form of "unjust discrimination" and that gay people should not be fired for marrying a same-sex spouse. Cardinal Joseph Tobin and Cardinal Kevin Farrell contributed blurbs to the book.[11] However, a number of Catholic institutes, including The Theological College in Washington, The Order of the Holy Sepulchre in New York, and Cafod in the UK subsequently cancelled events at which Martin was due to speak after pressure from conservative Catholics who threatened to withhold funding. Robert McElroy, the Bishop of San Diego, rallied to support Martin and criticized those that had tried to vilify him and distort his writings.[35][36]

2018 Synod on Youth

The 2018 Synod of Bishops is focused on youth and the issues facing them. Among other topics, the concerns of LGBT youth will be discussed for the first time.[37][38]

In responses to surveys distributed by the Church, many LBGT youth said they wish to "‘benefit from a greater closeness’ and experience greater care from the Church."[38][37] As such, the concerns of gay youth "who, above all, want to remain close to the Church," will be a special concern.[38] The preparatory working document also insisted that the Church must be open and welcoming to all, including LGBT Catholics, those of other faiths, and those of no faith at all.[37] Secretary General Lorenzo Baldisseri said at the release of the working document that the Church is making a special effort to engage the LGBT community because "we are open. We don't want to be closed in on ourselves."[37]

The Synod will also discuss the challenges the Church sometimes has in explaining the Church's teaching on sexuality to contemporary society.[38][37] Saying that "No bishops’ conference offers solutions or recipes,” the document insists that "the question of sexuality must be discussed more openly and without prejudice."[37]

  1. ^ https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/courages-new-director-popes-language-accompaniment-very-useful-us
  2. ^ "Encourage". Courage. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/courages-new-director-popes-language-accompaniment-very-useful-us
  4. ^ https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/courages-new-director-popes-language-accompaniment-very-useful-us
  5. ^ National Conference of Catholic Bishops, To Live in Christ Jesus: A Pastoral Reflection on the Moral Life, 1976, p. 19
  6. ^ Human Sexuality: A Catholic Perspective for Education and Lifelong Learning, 1991, p. 55
  7. ^ a b c d United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Always Our Children: A pastoral message to parents of homosexual children and suggestions for pastoral ministers
  8. ^ "Always our children". www.stmaryofcelle.org.
  9. ^ Cornwell, John (2001). Breaking Faith: The Pope, the People and the Fate of Catholicism. Viking.
  10. ^ "Malta: Bishop who described gay unions as a 'grave moral act' meets with gay Catholics".
  11. ^ a b Otterman, Sharon (13 June 2017). "As Church Shifts, a Cardinal Welcomes Gays; They Embrace a 'Miracle'" – via NYTimes.com.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Huffington Post was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ https://www.newwaysministry.org/2017/05/22/symposium-bishop-stowe-brings-message-of-admiration-and-respect/
  14. ^ "Catholic Cardinal Has Crazy Idea To Call Gay People "Gay People"".
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Relatio was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Advocate was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference CNNWuerl was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference Consensus was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference durocher was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference hopes was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference letter was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference water was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference dismayed was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference stuns was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference compassion was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference uphill was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference ferment was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference playing was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference only was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference Coleridge was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference rock was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  32. ^ Cite error: The named reference same was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  33. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference integrate was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  34. ^ Martin, S.J., James (30 October 2016). "James Martin, S.J.: We need to build a bridge between LGBT community and the Catholic Church". America. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  35. ^ "Catholic institutions block lectures by priest because he supports gay equality".
  36. ^ "Jesuit Priest Stands Up for Gay Catholics, Then Faces Backlash". 16 September 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
  37. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference questions was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  38. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference summit was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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