Tirumala Devi: Difference between revisions
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Tirumala Devi was one of the daughters of King Veerappodeya, who ruled [[Srirangapattana]]. She was married to Krishnadevaraya most probably in 1498 and |
Tirumala Devi was one of the daughters of King Veerappodeya, who ruled [[Srirangapattana]]. She was married to Krishnadevaraya most probably in 1498 and was crowned as his chief empress upon his accession to the Vijayanagra throne in 1509. Tirumala Devi lived on apparently for the entire period of her husband's reign and accompanied him constantly. She also played a dominant role during this period as the chief empress and accompanied Krishnadevaraya during his military campaigns, including the Kalinga war.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rao|first1=G. Surya Prakash|title=Krishnadeva Raya: The Great Poet-emperor of Vijayanagara|date=2004|publisher=Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University|page=21|language=en}}</ref> |
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Tirumala Devi was very much interested in poetry. She had her own treasury, her own female servants and she had complete independence, she was also a great devotee and a great donor. As she was Krishnadevaraya's favourite, she enjoyed all the power and privileges in the court. |
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| ⚫ | Tirumala, the eldest son and heir-apparent was born in 1518. On this occassion, Krishnadevaraya and Tirumala Devi paid a visit to [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Venkateswara Temple]] in [[Tirumala]] on 16 October 1518. The prince, however, died young. The death of his heir seems to have greatly unsettled Krishnadevaraya and the last five years of his reign were somewhat disturbed and unhappy on this account, during which period the administration was carried on, in his name, by his brother [[Achyuta Deva Raya]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Aiyangar|first1=Sakkottai Krishnaswami|title=A History of Tirupati|date=1941|publisher=Sri C. Sambaiya Pantulu|page=107|language=en}}</ref> One more son was born to Tirumala Devi towards the end of Krishnadevaraya's life time. His name was according to some sources, Ramachandra. He also died young, at the age of eighteen months.<ref name="Life" /> |
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[[Nandi Thimmana]] (popularly known as Mukku Timmana), the celebrated [[Telugu language|Telugu]] [[poet]] and one of the ''[[Astadiggajas]]'' at Krishnadevaraya's court, was a gift from Tirumala Devi's father to his son-in-law. Mukku Timmana was the second great poet of the royal court after [[Allasani Peddana]]. His life-work ''Parijatapaharana'' (which occupies a very high place in [[Telugu literature]]) was dedicated to Krishnadevaraya and composed to resolve a fight between Krishnadevaraya and Tirumala Devi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chenchiah|first1=P.|last2=Reddy|first2=Raja M. Bhujanga Rao Bahadur ; foreword by C.R.|title=A history of Telugu literature|date=1988|publisher=Asian Educational Services|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788120603134|page=74-75}}</ref> |
[[Nandi Thimmana]] (popularly known as Mukku Timmana), the celebrated [[Telugu language|Telugu]] [[poet]] and one of the ''[[Astadiggajas]]'' at Krishnadevaraya's court, was a gift from Tirumala Devi's father to his son-in-law. Mukku Timmana was the second great poet of the royal court after [[Allasani Peddana]]. His life-work ''Parijatapaharana'' (which occupies a very high place in [[Telugu literature]]) was dedicated to Krishnadevaraya and composed to resolve a fight between Krishnadevaraya and Tirumala Devi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chenchiah|first1=P.|last2=Reddy|first2=Raja M. Bhujanga Rao Bahadur ; foreword by C.R.|title=A history of Telugu literature|date=1988|publisher=Asian Educational Services|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788120603134|page=74-75}}</ref> |
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Tirumala Devi is known to have accompanied her husband in several of his military campaigns, including the Kalinga war. An inscription at [[Amaralingeswara Temple]] in [[Amaravati]] of July 15, 1515 AD, mentions both Tirumala Devi and Chinna Devi (Krishnadevaraya's junior wife) as having accompanied Krishnadevaraya.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rao|first1=G. Surya Prakash|title=Krishnadeva Raya: The Great Poet-emperor of Vijayanagara|date=2004|publisher=Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University|page=21|language=en}}</ref> |
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Tirumala Devi was the most honoured wife of Krishnadevaraya.<ref name=Rao/> The suburb of [[Tirumala|Tirumala-devi pattana]] (around the present Sannakki Veerabhadra temple in [[Hospet]]) was laid out during the reign of Krishnadevaraya in honour of Tirumala Devi,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Verghese|first1=Anila|title=Religious traditions at Vijayanagara : as revealed through its monuments|date=1995|publisher=Manohar|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788173040863|page=73|edition=1. publ.}}</ref> while [[Hospet|Nagalpura]] was named after Krishnadevaraya's mother Nagala Devi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rao|first1=edited by Nalini|title=Sangama : a confluence of art and culture during the Vijayanagara period|date=2006|publisher=Originals|location=Delhi|isbn=9788188629480|page=77}}</ref> |
Tirumala Devi was the most honoured wife of Krishnadevaraya.<ref name=Rao/> The suburb of [[Tirumala|Tirumala-devi pattana]] (around the present Sannakki Veerabhadra temple in [[Hospet]]) was laid out during the reign of Krishnadevaraya in honour of Tirumala Devi,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Verghese|first1=Anila|title=Religious traditions at Vijayanagara : as revealed through its monuments|date=1995|publisher=Manohar|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788173040863|page=73|edition=1. publ.}}</ref> while [[Hospet|Nagalpura]] was named after Krishnadevaraya's mother Nagala Devi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rao|first1=edited by Nalini|title=Sangama : a confluence of art and culture during the Vijayanagara period|date=2006|publisher=Originals|location=Delhi|isbn=9788188629480|page=77}}</ref> |
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===Issue=== |
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Tirumala Devi bore Krishnadevaraya three children: a daughter and two sons. The daughter, Tirumalamba married Araviti Ranga's son, Ramaraya who, after the marriage, came to be known as [[Aliya Rama Raya]].<ref name=Life>{{cite book|title=Life and Achievements of Sri Krishnadevaraya|date=2010|publisher=Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Karnataka|page=27|language=en}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Tirumala, the eldest son and heir-apparent was born in 1518. On this occassion, Krishnadevaraya and Tirumala Devi paid a visit to [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Venkateswara Temple]] in [[Tirumala]] on 16 October 1518. The prince, however, died young. The death of his heir seems to have greatly unsettled Krishnadevaraya and the last five years of his reign were somewhat disturbed and unhappy on this account, during which period the administration was carried on, in his name, by his brother [[Achyuta Deva Raya]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Aiyangar|first1=Sakkottai Krishnaswami|title=A History of Tirupati|date=1941|publisher=Sri C. Sambaiya Pantulu|page=107|language=en}}</ref> One more son was born to Tirumala Devi towards the end of Krishnadevaraya's life time. His name was according to some sources, Ramachandra. He also died young, at the age of eighteen months.<ref name="Life" /> |
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===Philanthropy=== |
===Philanthropy=== |
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A highly religious woman, Tirumala Devi is known for her religious and charitable donations to various temples in [[South India]]. In 1514, Tirumala Devi presented a costly ''Chakrapadakam'' to [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Venkateswara Temple]] in [[Tirumala]] and granted Pirattikulattur village for five Tirupponakam offerings to be made daily.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nanaiah|first1=N. Saraswathi|title=The Position of Women During Vijayanagara Period, 1336-1646|date=1992|publisher=Southern Printers|page=56|language=en}}</ref> |
A highly religious woman, Tirumala Devi is known for her religious and charitable donations to various temples in [[South India]]. In 1514, Tirumala Devi presented a costly ''Chakrapadakam'' to [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Venkateswara Temple]] in [[Tirumala]] and granted Pirattikulattur village for five Tirupponakam offerings to be made daily.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nanaiah|first1=N. Saraswathi|title=The Position of Women During Vijayanagara Period, 1336-1646|date=1992|publisher=Southern Printers|page=56|language=en}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 11:49, 23 August 2017
| Tirumala Devi | |
|---|---|
| Princess of Srirangapattana Patta Mahishi[1] | |
| File:K238283.png Krishnadevaraya with his two wives Tirumala Devi and Chinna Devi. Tirumala Devi is on the left.[2] | |
| Empress consort of the Vijayanagara Empire | |
| Tenure | 8 August 1509 – c. 1529 |
| Spouse | Krishnadevaraya |
| Issue | Tirumalamba Tirumala Ramchandra |
| House | Tuluva (by marriage) |
| Father | King Veerappodeya |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Tirumala Devi (also known as Tirumalamba)[3] was the senior wife and chief queen[3][4][5] (patta mahishi) of Emperor Krishnadevaraya, who is considered to be the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire.[6][7] She was also the most honoured wife of Krishnadevaraya,[8] and the mother of his heir-apparent, Prince Tirumala.[4]
By birth, Tirumala Devi was a princess of Srirangapattana, a sub-kingdom of the Vijayanagara Empire, which was ruled by her father King Veerappodeya.
Marriage
Tirumala Devi was one of the daughters of King Veerappodeya, who ruled Srirangapattana. She was married to Krishnadevaraya most probably in 1498 and was crowned as his chief empress upon his accession to the Vijayanagra throne in 1509. Tirumala Devi lived on apparently for the entire period of her husband's reign and accompanied him constantly. She also played a dominant role during this period as the chief empress and accompanied Krishnadevaraya during his military campaigns, including the Kalinga war.[9]
Tirumala Devi was very much interested in poetry. She had her own treasury, her own female servants and she had complete independence, she was also a great devotee and a great donor. As she was Krishnadevaraya's favourite, she enjoyed all the power and privileges in the court.
Nandi Thimmana (popularly known as Mukku Timmana), the celebrated Telugu poet and one of the Astadiggajas at Krishnadevaraya's court, was a gift from Tirumala Devi's father to his son-in-law. Mukku Timmana was the second great poet of the royal court after Allasani Peddana. His life-work Parijatapaharana (which occupies a very high place in Telugu literature) was dedicated to Krishnadevaraya and composed to resolve a fight between Krishnadevaraya and Tirumala Devi.[10]
Tirumala Devi was the most honoured wife of Krishnadevaraya.[8] The suburb of Tirumala-devi pattana (around the present Sannakki Veerabhadra temple in Hospet) was laid out during the reign of Krishnadevaraya in honour of Tirumala Devi,[11] while Nagalpura was named after Krishnadevaraya's mother Nagala Devi.[12]
Issue
Tirumala Devi bore Krishnadevaraya three children: a daughter and two sons. The daughter, Tirumalamba married Araviti Ranga's son, Ramaraya who, after the marriage, came to be known as Aliya Rama Raya.[13]
Tirumala, the eldest son and heir-apparent was born in 1518. On this occassion, Krishnadevaraya and Tirumala Devi paid a visit to Venkateswara Temple in Tirumala on 16 October 1518. The prince, however, died young. The death of his heir seems to have greatly unsettled Krishnadevaraya and the last five years of his reign were somewhat disturbed and unhappy on this account, during which period the administration was carried on, in his name, by his brother Achyuta Deva Raya.[14] One more son was born to Tirumala Devi towards the end of Krishnadevaraya's life time. His name was according to some sources, Ramachandra. He also died young, at the age of eighteen months.[13]
Philanthropy
A highly religious woman, Tirumala Devi is known for her religious and charitable donations to various temples in South India. In 1514, Tirumala Devi presented a costly Chakrapadakam to Venkateswara Temple in Tirumala and granted Pirattikulattur village for five Tirupponakam offerings to be made daily.[15]
Dowager empress
As dowager empress Tirumala Devi proposed to crown Rama Raya as 'Son-in-law Regnant'.[16]
In popular culture
- Tirumala Devi was portrayed by actress Sandhya in B. S. Ranga's film Tenali Ramakrishna (1956).
- A fictionalized Tirumala Devi is portrayed by Priyanka Singh in SAB TV's television series Tenali Rama.[17]
References
- ^ Life and Achievements of Sri Krishnadevaraya. Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Karnataka. 2010. p. 25.
- ^ Arunachalam, P. (1993). Sketches of Ceylon history (AES-Reprint. ed.). Madras, New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 46. ISBN 9788120608009.
- ^ a b Jackson, William J. (2016). "7". Vijayanagara Voices: Exploring South Indian History and Hindu Literature. Routledge. ISBN 9781317001928.
- ^ a b Verghese, Anila (2001). Hampi. Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780195654332.
- ^ Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006). India before Europe (Reprint. ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 68. ISBN 9780521809047.
- ^ Raychaudhuri, edited by Tapan; Habib, Irfan (1981). The Cambridge economic history of India (1. publ. ed.). Cambridge [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press. p. 106. ISBN 9780521226929.
{{cite book}}:|first1=has generic name (help) - ^ Rao, P. Raghunanda (1989). Indian heritage and culture (1st ed. ed.). New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Unlimited. p. 38. ISBN 9788120709300.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ a b Rao, M. Rama (1971). Krishnadeva Raya. National Book Trust, India; [chief stockists in India: India Book House, Bombay. p. 12.
- ^ Rao, G. Surya Prakash (2004). Krishnadeva Raya: The Great Poet-emperor of Vijayanagara. Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University. p. 21.
- ^ Chenchiah, P.; Reddy, Raja M. Bhujanga Rao Bahadur ; foreword by C.R. (1988). A history of Telugu literature. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 74-75. ISBN 9788120603134.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Verghese, Anila (1995). Religious traditions at Vijayanagara : as revealed through its monuments (1. publ. ed.). New Delhi: Manohar. p. 73. ISBN 9788173040863.
- ^ Rao, edited by Nalini (2006). Sangama : a confluence of art and culture during the Vijayanagara period. Delhi: Originals. p. 77. ISBN 9788188629480.
{{cite book}}:|first1=has generic name (help) - ^ a b Life and Achievements of Sri Krishnadevaraya. Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Karnataka. 2010. p. 27.
- ^ Aiyangar, Sakkottai Krishnaswami (1941). A History of Tirupati. Sri C. Sambaiya Pantulu. p. 107.
- ^ Nanaiah, N. Saraswathi (1992). The Position of Women During Vijayanagara Period, 1336-1646. Southern Printers. p. 56.
- ^ Oppert, Gustav Salomon (1882). Contributions to the History of Southern India. Higginbotham. p. 65.
- ^ "Actress Priyanka Singh and Sonia Sharma plays the role of Krishnadevraya's wives in Tenali Rama". The Times of India. Jul 19, 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.