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==Marriage to Jahangir==
==Marriage to Jahangir==
Jagat Gosaini married Prince Salim (the future emperor Jahangir) on 26 June 1586, in a marriage of political alliance and became his second wife. On 5 January 1592, she gave birth to Salim's third son, who was named 'Khurram' ("joyous") by his grandfather, the Emperor [[Akbar]]. The prince, who was to become the future emperor [[Shah Jahan]], was Akbar's favourite grandson and in the words of Jahangir "was more attentive to my father [Akbar] than all [my] children... He recognized him as his own child."<ref name="Findly, p. 125">[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 125</ref>
Jagat Gosaini married Prince Salim (the future emperor Jahangir) on 26 June 1586, in a marriage of political alliance and became his second wife. Four years later in 1590, she gave birth to her first child, a daughter named Begum Sultan, who died at the age of one.<ref name=Moosvi>{{cite book|last1=Moosvi|first1=Shireen|title=People, taxation, and trade in Mughal India|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780195693157|page=114}}</ref> On 5 January 1592, she gave birth to Salim's third son, who was named 'Khurram' ("joyous") by his grandfather, the Emperor [[Akbar]]. The prince, who was to become the future emperor [[Shah Jahan]], was Akbar's favourite grandson and in the words of Jahangir "was more attentive to my father [Akbar] than all [my] children... He recognized him as his own child."<ref name="Findly, p. 125">[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 125</ref>


Just prior to Khurram's birth, a soothsayer had reportedly predicted to the childless Empress [[Ruqaiya Sultan Begum]] (Akbar's first wife and chief consort)<ref>{{cite book|last=Burke|first=S. M.|title=Akbar, the greatest Mogul|year=1989|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|pages=142}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Jahangir, Emperor of Hindustan |date=1999 |title=The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India |translator-last=Thackston |translator-first=Wheeler M. |translator-link=Wheeler Thackston |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=437 |isbn=978-0-19-512718-8 |quote=Ruqayya-Sultan Begam, the daughter of Mirza Hindal and wife of [Akbar], had passed away in Akbarabad. She was [his] chief wife. Since she did not have children, when Shahjahan was born [Akbar] entrusted [him] to the begam's care ... She departed this life at the age of eighty-four.}}</ref> that the still unborn child was destined for imperial greatness.<ref name=Faruqui>{{cite book|last=Faruqui|first=Munis D.|title=Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504–1719|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-02217-1|page=71}}</ref> So, when Khurram was only six days old, Akbar ordered that the prince be taken away from Jagat Gosaini and handed him over to Ruqaiya so that he could grow up under her care and Akbar could fulfill his wife's wish, to raise a Mughal emperor.<ref name="Faruqui"/> Jagat was consoled with a magnificent gift of rubies and pearls.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Diana|last2=Preston|first2=Michael|title=A teardrop on the cheek of time : the story of the Taj Mahal|date=2008|publisher=Corgi|location=London|isbn=0552154156|quote=The Hindu Jodh Bai was consoled with a magnificent gift of rubies and pearls}}</ref>
Just prior to Khurram's birth, a soothsayer had reportedly predicted to the childless Empress [[Ruqaiya Sultan Begum]] (Akbar's first wife and chief consort)<ref>{{cite book|last=Burke|first=S. M.|title=Akbar, the greatest Mogul|year=1989|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|pages=142}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Jahangir, Emperor of Hindustan |date=1999 |title=The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India |translator-last=Thackston |translator-first=Wheeler M. |translator-link=Wheeler Thackston |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=437 |isbn=978-0-19-512718-8 |quote=Ruqayya-Sultan Begam, the daughter of Mirza Hindal and wife of [Akbar], had passed away in Akbarabad. She was [his] chief wife. Since she did not have children, when Shahjahan was born [Akbar] entrusted [him] to the begam's care ... She departed this life at the age of eighty-four.}}</ref> that the still unborn child was destined for imperial greatness.<ref name=Faruqui>{{cite book|last=Faruqui|first=Munis D.|title=Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504–1719|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-02217-1|page=71}}</ref> So, when Khurram was only six days old, Akbar ordered that the prince be taken away from Jagat Gosaini and handed him over to Ruqaiya so that he could grow up under her care and Akbar could fulfill his wife's wish, to raise a Mughal emperor.<ref name="Faruqui"/> Jagat was consoled with a magnificent gift of rubies and pearls.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Diana|last2=Preston|first2=Michael|title=A teardrop on the cheek of time : the story of the Taj Mahal|date=2008|publisher=Corgi|location=London|isbn=0552154156|quote=The Hindu Jodh Bai was consoled with a magnificent gift of rubies and pearls}}</ref>


Ruqaiya assumed the primary responsibility for Khurram's upbringing and he grew up under her care.<ref>{{cite book|page=299|last=Eraly|first=Abraham|title=Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC&pg=PA379 |year=2000|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-100143-2 |accessdate=22 November 2014}}</ref> Jahangir had noted in his memoirs, that Ruqaiya had loved his son, Khurram, "a thousand times more than if he had been her own [son]."<ref name=Tuzuk>{{cite book|last=[[Jahangir]]|title=The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī: or, Memoirs of Jāhāngīr, Volumes 1–2|year=1968|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|page=48|editor=Henry Beveridge}}</ref> Khurram remained with her until he had turned 13. After the death of Akbar, the young prince was allowed to return to his father's household, and thus, be closer to his biological mother.<ref name="Faruqui"/>
Ruqaiya assumed the primary responsibility for Khurram's upbringing and he grew up under her care.<ref>{{cite book|page=299|last=Eraly|first=Abraham|title=Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC&pg=PA379 |year=2000|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-100143-2 |accessdate=22 November 2014}}</ref> Jahangir had noted in his memoirs, that Ruqaiya had loved his son, Khurram, "a thousand times more than if he had been her own [son]."<ref name=Tuzuk>{{cite book|last=[[Jahangir]]|title=The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī: or, Memoirs of Jāhāngīr, Volumes 1–2|year=1968|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|page=48|editor=Henry Beveridge}}</ref> Khurram remained with her until he had turned 13. After the death of Akbar, the young prince was allowed to return to his father's household, and thus, be closer to his biological mother.<ref name="Faruqui"/> In 1597, Jagat gave birth to her third child, another daughter who died died in her infancy.<ref name="Moosvi" />


Jagat Gosaini seems to have lost her husband's favour quite early on in their marriage,<ref name="Findly, p. 49">[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 49</ref> more so after the arrival of her arch-rival in the imperial harem, [[Nur Jahan]]̣, of whom Jagat was scornful. Jahangir had married her in 1611 and from the time of their marriage until his death, Nur Jahan was indisputably his most favourite wife.<ref name="Findly, p. 126">[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 126</ref> Even prior to his marriage with Nur Jahan, Jahangir's chief consort and [[Padshah Begum]] was his sixth wife, [[Saliha Banu Begum]], who held this position from the time of his accession in 1605 till her death in 1620, after which these honorable titles were passed on to Nur Jahan.<ref name="Findly, p. 125">[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 125</ref>
Jagat Gosaini seems to have lost her husband's favour quite early on in their marriage,<ref name="Findly, p. 49">[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 49</ref> more so after the arrival of her arch-rival in the imperial harem, [[Nur Jahan]]̣, of whom Jagat was scornful. Jahangir had married her in 1611 and from the time of their marriage until his death, Nur Jahan was indisputably his most favourite wife.<ref name="Findly, p. 126">[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 126</ref> Even prior to his marriage with Nur Jahan, Jahangir's chief consort and [[Padshah Begum]] was his sixth wife, [[Saliha Banu Begum]], who held this position from the time of his accession in 1605 till her death in 1620, after which these honorable titles were passed on to Nur Jahan.<ref name="Findly, p. 125">[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 125</ref>

Revision as of 16:08, 7 April 2017

Bilqis Makani
بلقیس مکانی
Died18 April 1619
Agra, India
Burial
Dahra Bagh, Agra
SpouseJahangir
IssueShah Jahan
DynastyRathore
FatherUdai Singh of Marwar
ReligionHinduism

Bilqis Makani (Urdu: بلقیس مکانی; also known as Jagat Gosaini,[1] Jodh Bai,[2] or Manmati[3]) was the second wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir and the mother of his successor, the fifth Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.[4][5]

Family

Known most popularly as Jodh Bai, the Jodhpur princess,[6] Jagat Gosaini belonged to the Rathore clan of Rajputs and was a daughter of Udai Singh of Marwar;[7] also known by the sobriquet Mota Raja (the fat king).[8] After the death of her grandfather, Maldeo Rathore on 7 November 1562, a fratricidal war for succession started and her uncle, Rao Chandra Sen, crowned himself in the capital Jodhpur. But his reign was short lived as Emperor Akbar's army occupied Merta in the same year and the capital Jodhpur in 1563.[9]

After the death of Rao Chandrasen in January 1581, Marwar was brought under direct Mughal administration. In August 1583, Akbar restored the throne of Marwar to Udai Singh, who submitted to the Mughals and subsequently joined the Mughal service.[9]

Marriage to Jahangir

Jagat Gosaini married Prince Salim (the future emperor Jahangir) on 26 June 1586, in a marriage of political alliance and became his second wife. Four years later in 1590, she gave birth to her first child, a daughter named Begum Sultan, who died at the age of one.[10] On 5 January 1592, she gave birth to Salim's third son, who was named 'Khurram' ("joyous") by his grandfather, the Emperor Akbar. The prince, who was to become the future emperor Shah Jahan, was Akbar's favourite grandson and in the words of Jahangir "was more attentive to my father [Akbar] than all [my] children... He recognized him as his own child."[11]

Just prior to Khurram's birth, a soothsayer had reportedly predicted to the childless Empress Ruqaiya Sultan Begum (Akbar's first wife and chief consort)[12][13] that the still unborn child was destined for imperial greatness.[14] So, when Khurram was only six days old, Akbar ordered that the prince be taken away from Jagat Gosaini and handed him over to Ruqaiya so that he could grow up under her care and Akbar could fulfill his wife's wish, to raise a Mughal emperor.[14] Jagat was consoled with a magnificent gift of rubies and pearls.[15]

Ruqaiya assumed the primary responsibility for Khurram's upbringing and he grew up under her care.[16] Jahangir had noted in his memoirs, that Ruqaiya had loved his son, Khurram, "a thousand times more than if he had been her own [son]."[17] Khurram remained with her until he had turned 13. After the death of Akbar, the young prince was allowed to return to his father's household, and thus, be closer to his biological mother.[14] In 1597, Jagat gave birth to her third child, another daughter who died died in her infancy.[10]

Jagat Gosaini seems to have lost her husband's favour quite early on in their marriage,[18] more so after the arrival of her arch-rival in the imperial harem, Nur Jahaṇ, of whom Jagat was scornful. Jahangir had married her in 1611 and from the time of their marriage until his death, Nur Jahan was indisputably his most favourite wife.[19] Even prior to his marriage with Nur Jahan, Jahangir's chief consort and Padshah Begum was his sixth wife, Saliha Banu Begum, who held this position from the time of his accession in 1605 till her death in 1620, after which these honorable titles were passed on to Nur Jahan.[11]

Death

Jagat Gosaini died in 1619 in Agra, and was buried in Dahra Bagh as was her wish. Jahangir noted the death briefly, saying simply that she had "attained the mercy of God." After her death, Jahangir ordered that she be called Bilqis Makani ("the Lady of Pure Abode")[20] in all of the official documents.[21]

References

  1. ^ Mubārak, Abū al-Faz̤l ibn (1873). The Ain i Akbari. Rouse. p. 310.
  2. ^ Findly, p. 396
  3. ^ transl.; ed.,; Thackston, annot. by Wheeler M. (1999). The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. New York [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 13. ISBN 9780195127188. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  4. ^ Manuel, edited by Paul Christopher; Lyon,, Alynna; Wilcox, Clyde (2012). Religion and Politics in a Global Society Comparative Perspectives from the Portuguese-Speaking World. Lanham: Lexington Books. p. 68. ISBN 9780739176818. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  5. ^ Eraly, Abraham (2007). Emperors of the Peacock Throne, The Saga of the Great Mughals. Penguin Books India. p. 299. ISBN 0141001437.
  6. ^ Tillotson, Giles (2008). Taj Mahal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 28. ISBN 9780674063655.
  7. ^ Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India : from Sultanat to the Mughals (Revised ed. ed.). New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. p. 116. ISBN 9788124110669. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  8. ^ Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1986). Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 418. ISBN 9788120710153.
  9. ^ a b Sarkar, Jadunath (1994). A history of Jaipur : c. 1503-1938 (Rev. and ed. ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman. p. 41. ISBN 81-250-0333-9. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  10. ^ a b Moosvi, Shireen (2008). People, taxation, and trade in Mughal India. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 114. ISBN 9780195693157.
  11. ^ a b Findly, p. 125
  12. ^ Burke, S. M. (1989). Akbar, the greatest Mogul. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 142.
  13. ^ Jahangir, Emperor of Hindustan (1999). The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Translated by Thackston, Wheeler M. Oxford University Press. p. 437. ISBN 978-0-19-512718-8. Ruqayya-Sultan Begam, the daughter of Mirza Hindal and wife of [Akbar], had passed away in Akbarabad. She was [his] chief wife. Since she did not have children, when Shahjahan was born [Akbar] entrusted [him] to the begam's care ... She departed this life at the age of eighty-four.
  14. ^ a b c Faruqui, Munis D. Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504–1719. Cambridge University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-107-02217-1.
  15. ^ Diana; Preston, Michael (2008). A teardrop on the cheek of time : the story of the Taj Mahal. London: Corgi. ISBN 0552154156. The Hindu Jodh Bai was consoled with a magnificent gift of rubies and pearls
  16. ^ Eraly, Abraham (2000). Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals. Penguin Books India. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-14-100143-2. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  17. ^ Jahangir (1968). Henry Beveridge (ed.). The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī: or, Memoirs of Jāhāngīr, Volumes 1–2. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 48.
  18. ^ Findly, p. 49
  19. ^ Findly, p. 126
  20. ^ Findly, p. 94
  21. ^ Findly, p. 162

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jagat Gosaini.

Bibliography

  • Findly, Ellison Banks (1993). Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195360608.
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