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#REDIRECT[[An-Nisa]]
:''This is a sub-article to [[An-Nisa]].
'''An-Nisa''' is [[An-Nisa|the fourth chapter]] of the [[Qur'an]], and this article is about its '''twenty-fourth''' [[ayat|verse]], the controversial verse that has been called ''"the verse of [[Mut'ah]]"'' <ref name="ansar">[http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/mutah/en/chap3.php]</ref>, due to its reference to [[Nikah Mut'ah]], a temporary marriage form legalized during the era of the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]].

==Overview==
The verse can be broken into three parts:

#''And (also forbiden are) all married women except those whom your right hands possess (this is) Allah's ordinance to you,
#''and lawful for you are (all women) besides those, provided that you seek (them) with your property, taking (them) in marriage not committing fornication.
#''Then as to those whom you profit by, give them their dowries as appointed; and there is no blame on you about what you mutually agree after what is appointed; surely Allah is Knowing, Wise.

The first part of the verse is a continuation from the previous verse. The middle part states that the non-mentioned woman are lawful, provided that the criteria for marriage is fullfilled. The last part of the verse addresses ''[[Nikah Mut'ah]]'', and therefore is the entire verse known as "the verse of Mut'ah" <ref name="ansar"/>

==[[tafsir|Exegis]]==
===First part===
Regarding the first part, [[Ibn Kathir]] writes in his [[Tafsir ibn Kathir|Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim]] <ref>http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=4&tid=10803</ref>:

{{cquote|Allah said: "'''(Also (forbidden are) women already married, except [[Ma malakat aymanukum|those whom your right hands possess]].)''' The Ayah means, you are prohibited from marrying women who are already married, (except those whom your right hands possess) except those whom you acquire through war, for you are allowed such women after making sure they are not pregnant. [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal|Imam Ahmad]] recorded that [[Abu-Sa'id al-Khudri|Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri]] said, "We captured some women from the area of Awtas who were already married, and we disliked having sexual relations with them because they already had husbands. So, we asked the Prophet about this matter, and this Ayah was revealed: "'''(Also (forbidden are) women already married, except those whom your right hands possess)'''. Consequently, we had [[Sexuality in Islam|sexual relations]] with these women."

This is the wording collected by [[Al-Tirmidhi|At-Tirmidhi]] [[Al-Nasa'i|An-Nasa'i]], [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Ibn Jarir]] and [[Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj|Muslim]] in [[Sahih Muslim|his Sahih]].}}

The [[hadith|tradition]] in [[Sahih Muslim]] dates the verse to the [[Battle of Hunayn]] in 631 CE (9 AH) <ref>{{Muslim|8|3432}}</ref>

===Second part===
This part is often refered to in the [[Muslim controversies related to Nikah Mut'ah]] by Salafi Sunnis to mean that Nikah Mut'ah is forbiden, since this verse demands chatiry, implying that Nikah Mut'ah is immoral <ref>[http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/mutah/en/chap4.php]</ref>.

===Third part===
It is reported that several [[Sahaba]] including [[Abd-Allah ibn Mas'ud]], [[Ubayy ibn Kab]], [[Ibn Abbas]] and [[Jabir ibn Abd-Allah]] would read the verse as ''"Then as to those whom you profit by '''for a prescribed period (Ajol Masomee)''', give them their dowries as appointed"'', something that is included in numerous exegises <ref>
# Tafseer Durre Manthur Volume2 P. 40 -
# [[The commentary on the Qur'an (tafsir)|Tafseer Tabari]] Volume 5 p. (14 & 15 ?) [http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/mutah/tafseer_altabari_p14_15.jpg]
# Tafseer Kabeer Volume 3 p. 94
# Fathul Qadeer Volume 1 p. 14
# [[Tafsir ibn Kathir|Tafseer Ibn Katheer]] Volume 1 p. 84
# Tafseer Ruh al Maani Volume 5 p.
# Tafseer Kashaf p. 20
# Tafseer Mazhari Volume2 p. 4
# Tafseer Ahkam al Quran Volume2 p. 47
# Tafseer Mu'alim al Tanzeel p. 63
# [[Al-Mustadrak alaa al-Sahihain|Mustadrak Al Hakim]] volume 2 p. 47
# Al Musahif by Abi Bakr Sijistani p. 3
# Tafseer Mawahib al Rahman page 4 part 5
# Tafseer Haqqani volume5 p.
# Tafseer Jama Al Bayan Volume1 p. 66
# Neel al Authar Volume2 p. 53 Kitab Nikah
# [[Tafsir al-Qurtubi|Tafseer Qurtabi]] Volume5 p. 30
# Dhurqani Sharh Muwatta Volume1 p. 54
# Kitab al Musahaf page 342
# Al Bahar al Maheet Volume 3 page 218
# Tafseer Maar Volume5 p. 5
# Tafseer Jama al Bayan Volume6 p. 9
# Tafseer Al Baghawi, Al Musami Mu'alim al Tanzeel, p. 414 [http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/mutah/tafseer_albaghawi_p414.jpg]

Also, Imam of Ahl as-Sunnah Abu Hayyan Andalusi in his commentary of Sharh Afhaq 'al Bahar al Maheet' Volume 3 page 218 states it. [http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/mutah/en/chap3.php]

</ref>

[[Ibn Kathir]] writes regarding the last part <ref>http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=4&tid=10829</ref>:

{{cquote|[[Mujahid]] stated that, '''(So with those among them whom you have enjoyed, give them their required due,)''' was revealed about the [[Nikah Mut'ah|Mut`ah marriage]]. A Mut`ah marriage is a marriage that ends upon a predetermined date. In the [[Two Sahihs]], it is recorded that the [[Amir al-Muminin|Leader of the Faithful]] [[Ali|`Ali bin Abi Talib]] said, "[[Muhammad|The Messenger of Allah]] prohibited Mut`ah marriage and eating the meat of domesticated donkeys on the [[Battle of Khaybar|day of Khayber]] (battle).'' In addition, in [[Sahih Muslim|his Sahih]], [[Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj|Muslim]] recorded that [[Ar-Rabi` bin Sabrah bin Ma`bad Al-Juhani]] said that his father said that he accompanied the Messenger of Allah during the [[Conquest of Mecca|victory of Makkah]], and that the Prophet said, ''(O people! I allowed you the Mut`ah marriage with women before. Now, Allah has prohibited it until the [[qiyamah|Day of Resurrection]]. Therefore, anyone who has any women in Mut`ah, let him let them go, and do not take anything from what you have given them.)'' Allah's statement, '''(but if you agree mutually (to give more) after the requirement (has been determined), there is no sin on you.)''' is similar to His other statement". }}

The the first line of the above [[tafsir|exegise]] is agree on by Shi'as, the rest is a Sunni only view. See [[Muslim controversies related to Nikah Mut'ah]] for the Shi'a-Sunni stance, or [[Hadiths related to Mut'ah]] their view on the individual historical sources.

==References==
<References/>

Revision as of 18:55, 23 September 2006

This is a sub-article to An-Nisa.

An-Nisa is the fourth chapter of the Qur'an, and this article is about its twenty-fourth verse, the controversial verse that has been called "the verse of Mut'ah" [1], due to its reference to Nikah Mut'ah, a temporary marriage form legalized during the era of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Overview

The verse can be broken into three parts:

  1. And (also forbiden are) all married women except those whom your right hands possess (this is) Allah's ordinance to you,
  2. and lawful for you are (all women) besides those, provided that you seek (them) with your property, taking (them) in marriage not committing fornication.
  3. Then as to those whom you profit by, give them their dowries as appointed; and there is no blame on you about what you mutually agree after what is appointed; surely Allah is Knowing, Wise.

The first part of the verse is a continuation from the previous verse. The middle part states that the non-mentioned woman are lawful, provided that the criteria for marriage is fullfilled. The last part of the verse addresses Nikah Mut'ah, and therefore is the entire verse known as "the verse of Mut'ah" [1]

Exegis

First part

Regarding the first part, Ibn Kathir writes in his Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim [2]:

Allah said: "(Also (forbidden are) women already married, except those whom your right hands possess.) The Ayah means, you are prohibited from marrying women who are already married, (except those whom your right hands possess) except those whom you acquire through war, for you are allowed such women after making sure they are not pregnant. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri said, "We captured some women from the area of Awtas who were already married, and we disliked having sexual relations with them because they already had husbands. So, we asked the Prophet about this matter, and this Ayah was revealed: "(Also (forbidden are) women already married, except those whom your right hands possess). Consequently, we had sexual relations with these women." This is the wording collected by At-Tirmidhi An-Nasa'i, Ibn Jarir and Muslim in his Sahih.

The tradition in Sahih Muslim dates the verse to the Battle of Hunayn in 631 CE (9 AH) [3]

Second part

This part is often refered to in the Muslim controversies related to Nikah Mut'ah by Salafi Sunnis to mean that Nikah Mut'ah is forbiden, since this verse demands chatiry, implying that Nikah Mut'ah is immoral [4].

Third part

It is reported that several Sahaba including Abd-Allah ibn Mas'ud, Ubayy ibn Kab, Ibn Abbas and Jabir ibn Abd-Allah would read the verse as "Then as to those whom you profit by for a prescribed period (Ajol Masomee), give them their dowries as appointed", something that is included in numerous exegises [5]

Ibn Kathir writes regarding the last part [6]:

Mujahid stated that, (So with those among them whom you have enjoyed, give them their required due,) was revealed about the Mut`ah marriage. A Mut`ah marriage is a marriage that ends upon a predetermined date. In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that the Leader of the Faithful `Ali bin Abi Talib said, "The Messenger of Allah prohibited Mut`ah marriage and eating the meat of domesticated donkeys on the day of Khayber (battle). In addition, in his Sahih, Muslim recorded that Ar-Rabi` bin Sabrah bin Ma`bad Al-Juhani said that his father said that he accompanied the Messenger of Allah during the victory of Makkah, and that the Prophet said, (O people! I allowed you the Mut`ah marriage with women before. Now, Allah has prohibited it until the Day of Resurrection. Therefore, anyone who has any women in Mut`ah, let him let them go, and do not take anything from what you have given them.) Allah's statement, (but if you agree mutually (to give more) after the requirement (has been determined), there is no sin on you.) is similar to His other statement".

The the first line of the above exegise is agree on by Shi'as, the rest is a Sunni only view. See Muslim controversies related to Nikah Mut'ah for the Shi'a-Sunni stance, or Hadiths related to Mut'ah their view on the individual historical sources.

References

  1. ^ a b [1]
  2. ^ http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=4&tid=10803
  3. ^ Template:Muslim
  4. ^ [2]
  5. ^
    1. Tafseer Durre Manthur Volume2 P. 40 -
    2. Tafseer Tabari Volume 5 p. (14 & 15 ?) [3]
    3. Tafseer Kabeer Volume 3 p. 94
    4. Fathul Qadeer Volume 1 p. 14
    5. Tafseer Ibn Katheer Volume 1 p. 84
    6. Tafseer Ruh al Maani Volume 5 p.
    7. Tafseer Kashaf p. 20
    8. Tafseer Mazhari Volume2 p. 4
    9. Tafseer Ahkam al Quran Volume2 p. 47
    10. Tafseer Mu'alim al Tanzeel p. 63
    11. Mustadrak Al Hakim volume 2 p. 47
    12. Al Musahif by Abi Bakr Sijistani p. 3
    13. Tafseer Mawahib al Rahman page 4 part 5
    14. Tafseer Haqqani volume5 p.
    15. Tafseer Jama Al Bayan Volume1 p. 66
    16. Neel al Authar Volume2 p. 53 Kitab Nikah
    17. Tafseer Qurtabi Volume5 p. 30
    18. Dhurqani Sharh Muwatta Volume1 p. 54
    19. Kitab al Musahaf page 342
    20. Al Bahar al Maheet Volume 3 page 218
    21. Tafseer Maar Volume5 p. 5
    22. Tafseer Jama al Bayan Volume6 p. 9
    23. Tafseer Al Baghawi, Al Musami Mu'alim al Tanzeel, p. 414 [4]
    Also, Imam of Ahl as-Sunnah Abu Hayyan Andalusi in his commentary of Sharh Afhaq 'al Bahar al Maheet' Volume 3 page 218 states it. [5]
  6. ^ http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=4&tid=10829
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