Rain gutter: Difference between revisions
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==Types of Gutter== |
==Types of Gutter== |
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===UPVC=== |
===UPVC=== |
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In domestic architecture, guttering is made from UPVC sections. |
In UK domestic architecture, guttering is made from [[UPVC]] sections. |
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===Zinc=== |
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In UK commercial and European commercial and domestic architecture, guttering is made from [[zinc]]. |
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===Vernacular buildings=== |
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Guttering can be made from any locally available material such as stone or wood. Porous materials may be lined with pitch or asphalt. |
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===Finlock gutters=== |
===Finlock gutters=== |
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Finlock gutters, also known as concrete gutters, can be employed on a large range of building.<ref>{{cite web|title=Concrete gutter relining from the Tunbridge Wells based team|url=http://finlockservicesltd.co.uk/concrete-guttering-re-lining/3344897|website=finlockservicesltd.co.uk}}</ref> There were used on domestic properties in the 1950s and 1960s, as a replacement for cast iron gutters when there was a shortage of steel and surplus of concrete. {{cn|date=December 2016}} Finlock gutters are made of concrete blocks which can range from 8 inches to 12 inches and are joined using mortar.{{cn|date=December 2016}} |
Finlock gutters, also known as concrete gutters, can be employed on a large range of building.<ref>{{cite web|title=Concrete gutter relining from the Tunbridge Wells based team|url=http://finlockservicesltd.co.uk/concrete-guttering-re-lining/3344897|website=finlockservicesltd.co.uk}}</ref> There were used on domestic properties in the 1950s and 1960s, as a replacement for cast iron gutters when there was a shortage of steel and surplus of concrete. {{cn|date=December 2016}} Finlock gutters are made of concrete blocks which can range from 8 inches to 12 inches and are joined using mortar.{{cn|date=December 2016}} |
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Revision as of 09:53, 27 December 2016
A rain gutter or 'surface water collection channel' is a component of water discharge system for a building. [1]
Etymology
(from Latin gutta : drop),
Description
Gutters prevent water ingress into the fabric of the building by channelling the rainwater away from the exterior of the walls and their foundations. Water running down the walls causes dampness in the affected rooms and provides a favourable environment for growth of mould, and wet rot in timber. [citation needed]
A rain gutter may be a:
- Roof integral trough along the lower edge of the roof slope which is fashioned from the roof covering and flashing materials.
- Discrete trough of metal, or other material that is suspended beyond the roof edge and below the projected slope of the roof.
- Wall integral structure beneath the roof edge, traditionally constructed of masonry, fashioned as the crowning element of a wall.[2]
A roof must be designed with a suitable fall to allow the rainwater to discharge. The water drains into a gutter that is fed into a downpipe. A flat roof will have a watertight surface with a fall of 1 in 60, or 1 in the case of lead. They can drain internally or to a eaves gutter, which has a minimum 1 in 360 fall towards the downpipe. [3] The pitch of a pitched roof is determined by the construction material of the covering. For slate this will be at 25%, for machine made tiles it will be 35%. Water falls towards a parapet gutter, a valley gutter or an eaves gutter. [4] When two pitched roofs meet at an angle, they also form a pitched valley gutter: the join is sealed with valley flashing. Parapet gutters and valley gutters discharge into internal rainwater pipes or directly into external down pipes at the end of the run. [4]
-
A parapet gutter at the base of a sloping roof and a parapet wall, outflowing to a downpipe -
A simpler parapet gutter. -
A valley gutter between two parallel roof surfaces.
Eaves gutters can be made from a variety of materials such as cast iron, lead, zinc, galvanised steel, painted steel, copper, painted aluminium, PVC (and other plastics) and in the past from concrete, stone, and wood.[5]
Water collected by a rain gutter is fed, usually via a downpipe (also called a leader or conductor),[6] from the roof edge to the base of the building where it is either discharged or collected.[7] The down pipe can terminate in a shoe and discharge directly onto the surface, but using modern construction techniques would be connected through an inspection chamber to a drain that led to a surface water drain or soakaway. Altenatively it would connect via a gulley (u-bend) with 50mm water seal to a combined drain.[8] Water from rain gutters may be harvested in a rain barrel or a cistern.[9]
Rain gutters can be equipped with gutter screens, micro mesh screens, louvers or solid hoods to allow water from the roof to flow through, while reducing passage of roof debris into the gutter.[10]
Clogged gutters can also cause water ingress into the building as the water backs up. Clogged gutters can also lead to stagnant water build up which in some climates allows mosquitoes to breed. [11]
History
The Romans brought rainwater systems to Britain, the technology was subsequenty lost, but was re-introduced by the Normans. The White Tower, at the Tower of London had external gutters. In Saxon times, the thanes erected buildings with large overhanging roofs to throw the water clear of the walls in the same way that occurs in thatched cottages. The cathedral builder used lead parapet gutters, with elaborate gargoyles for the same purpose. With the dissolution of the monasteries- those buildings were recycled and there was plenty of lead that could be used for secular building. The yeoman would use wooden gutters or lead lined wooden gutters. [12] The industrial revolution introduced new methods of casting-iron and the railways brought a method of distributing the heavy cast-iron item to building sites. The relocation into the cities created a demand for housing that needed to be compact. Dryer houses controlled asthma, bronchitis, emphysema as well as pneumonia. In 1849 Joseph Bazalgette proposed a sewerage system for London, that prevented run-off being channelled into the Thames. By the 1870s all houses were constructed with cast iron gutters and down pipes.[12] The Victorian gutter was an ogee, 115mm in width.
Types of Gutter
UPVC
In UK domestic architecture, guttering is made from UPVC sections.
Zinc
In UK commercial and European commercial and domestic architecture, guttering is made from zinc.
Vernacular buildings
Guttering can be made from any locally available material such as stone or wood. Porous materials may be lined with pitch or asphalt.
Finlock gutters
Finlock gutters, also known as concrete gutters, can be employed on a large range of building.[13] There were used on domestic properties in the 1950s and 1960s, as a replacement for cast iron gutters when there was a shortage of steel and surplus of concrete. [citation needed] Finlock gutters are made of concrete blocks which can range from 8 inches to 12 inches and are joined using mortar.[citation needed] [14]
See also
References
- ^ Chudley 1988, p. 476.
- ^ Sturgis' Illustrated Dictionary of Architecture and Building: An Unabridged Reprint of the 1901-2 Edition, Vol. II: F-N, p.340, ISBN 0-486-26026-7
- ^ Chudley 1988, p. 479.
- ^ a b Chudley 1988, pp. 476–7.
- ^ Hardy, Benjamin. "Gutters 101". Bob Vila. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
- ^ "Architectural Graphic Standards," First Edition, 1932, ISBN 0-471-51940-5, p. 77, 'Parts of a gutter' illustration
- ^ Ching, Francis D. K. (1995). A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. p. 209. ISBN 0-442-02462-2.
- ^ Chudley 1988, p. 480.
- ^ "Rainwater Harvesting". Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. Texas A&M. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
- ^ "An Introduction To Guttering". Retrieved 21 August 2014.
- ^ "Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus in Delaware", dema.delaware.gov
- ^ a b "A HISTORY OF RAINWATER SYSTEMS AND THEIR PLACE IN MODERN DAY CONSTRUCTION. - Stafford Rainwater building Systems". www.staffordrs.co.uk. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
- ^ "Concrete gutter relining from the Tunbridge Wells based team". finlockservicesltd.co.uk.
- ^ "Finlock concrete gutters, made in Tunbridge Wells, supplied UK-wide". finlockservicesltd.co.uk.
- Bibliography
- Chudley, R. (1988). Building construction handbook. London: Heinemann. ISBN 0434902365.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
External links
