Sixto Durán Ballén: Difference between revisions

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In 1995, Ballén proved to be one of Ecuador's most successful war-time leaders when his determined leadership united a divided country under the theme ''Ni un paso atras'' which means "not a single step backwards" during the [[Cenepa War]] with [[Peru]].<ref name="biography"/> His last years as president, he focused on the resolution of the [[Cenepa War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.larepublica.ec/blog/gente/2015/01/31/sixto-duran-no-se-arrepiente-del-ni-un-paso-atras/|title=Sixto Durán no se arrepiente del ‘Ni un paso atrás’|publisher=La Republica.ec|accessdate=September 20, 2015}}</ref>
In 1995, Ballén proved to be one of Ecuador's most successful war-time leaders when his determined leadership united a divided country under the theme ''Ni un paso atras'' which means "not a single step backwards" during the [[Cenepa War]] with [[Peru]].<ref name="biography"/> His last years as president, he focused on the resolution of the [[Cenepa War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.larepublica.ec/blog/gente/2015/01/31/sixto-duran-no-se-arrepiente-del-ni-un-paso-atras/|title=Sixto Durán no se arrepiente del ‘Ni un paso atrás’|publisher=La Republica.ec|accessdate=September 20, 2015}}</ref>


==Post-presidency (1996-2016)==
==Death==
After his presidency, was elected deputy by [[Pichincha]] in 1998. Between 2001 and 2003, he served as an ambassador in [[London]].<ref>{{cite web | url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161005032929/http://lahora.com.ec/index.php/noticias/show/483956/-1/El_Parlamento_Andino_no_tiene_facultad_legislativa.html#.V_RzteArLIU | title= El Parlamento Andino no tiene facultad legislativa | accessdate=October 4, 2016|date= October 6, 2006 | publisher= [[La Hora (Ecuador)|La Hora]] }} {{es}}</ref>

In 2005, he wrote an autobiography titled ''A mi manera... Los años de Carondelet'' and edited by the publisher of the Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar. In 2006, he appeared as a candidate for the Andean Parliament by the Christian Democratic Union, but was not elected.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161005031946/http://www.eluniverso.com/2007/01/07/0001/8/C655F5395FC240CC81F08F3155716B04.html | title= Sánchez preside el Parlamento Andino | accessdate= 21 September 2016|date=October 7, 2007 | publisher= [[El Universo (Ecuador)|El Universo]]}}{{es}}</ref>

Ballen died at his home in Quito on the night of November 15, 2016 at the age of 95.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.eluniverso.com/noticias/2016/11/15/nota/5905717/fallecio-quito-expresidente-sixto-duran-ballen|title=Falleció en Quito el expresidente Sixto Durán Ballén|publisher=El Universo.com|accessdate=November 15, 2016|date=November 15, 2016}} {{es}}</ref>
Ballen died at his home in Quito on the night of November 15, 2016 at the age of 95.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.eluniverso.com/noticias/2016/11/15/nota/5905717/fallecio-quito-expresidente-sixto-duran-ballen|title=Falleció en Quito el expresidente Sixto Durán Ballén|publisher=El Universo.com|accessdate=November 15, 2016|date=November 15, 2016}} {{es}}</ref>


Revision as of 00:12, 16 November 2016

Sixto Durán-Ballén
File:Sixto durán ballen.png
37th President of Ecuador
In office
August 10, 1992 – August 10, 1996
Vice PresidentAlberto Dahik (1992–95)
Eduardo Peña (1995–96)
Preceded byRodrigo Borja
Succeeded byAbdalá Bucaram
Mayor of Quito
In office
August 1, 1970 – February 16, 1978
Preceded byJaime del Castillo
Succeeded byÁlvaro Pérez Intriago
Personal details
Born
Sixto Alfonso Durán-Ballén Cordovez

(1921-07-14)July 14, 1921
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
DiedNovember 15, 2016(2016-11-15) (aged 95)
Quito, Ecuador
NationalityEcuadorian
Political partyRepublican Union Party (1991–2016)
Social Christian Party (1951–91)
SpouseJosefina Villalobos

Template:Spanish name Sixto Alfonso Durán-Ballén Cordovez (July 14, 1921 – November 15, 2016) was an American-born Ecuadorian political figure and architect. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He served as Mayor of Quito between 1970 and 1978. In 1951, he founded the political party Social Christian Party.[1] Ballén served as President of Ecuador between 1992 and 1996. He served as congressman in 1984 and again in 1998. His presidency has been seen favorably by the public polls, but has received mixed opinions by scholars.[2][3] During his presidency, Ballén oversaw the Cenepa War during the last years of his presidency.[4]

Early life

Ballén was born on July 14, 1921 in Boston, Massachusetts to Sixto Durán-Ballén Romero and to Eugenia Cordovéz y Cayzedo.[5] He married Josefina Villalobos in 1948.[6]

Ballén studied at San Jose La Salle College in Guayaquil. At first, Ballén pursued a career in architecture and went to study abroad at the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and at Columbia University.[7][8]

Early political career

Durán was one of the founders of the Catholic Social Christian Party (PSC).[1] Under the presidency of his party colleague Camilo Ponce Enríquez, he served as minister of public works from 1956 to 1960. Subsequently, he worked for the Inter-American Development Bank.[1] He was elected mayor of Quito in 1970 and re-elected in 1974.[9]

In 1979 he ran as the PSC's presidential candidate, but was defeated by the populist Jaime Roldós Aguilera. In 1988 he ran again, but was eliminated in the first round, which he blamed on the tarnished image of León Febres Cordero's government.[1]

Presidency (1992-96)

1992 Ecuadorian presidential election

Main article: Ecuadorian general election, 1992

At the end of 1990 he publicly criticized the direction of the PSC in a public letter and, after a PSC faction succeeded in appointing Jaime Nebot as the its presidential candidate and national director during the 1991 internal elections (despite opinion polls reportedly giving him advantage over Nebot),[2] Durán Ballén and his supporters left the party to form the more right-wing Republican Union Party.[10] They subsequently entered in an alliance with the Conservative Party.[11] Eventually, Durán defeated Nebot in the second round of the 1992 presidential election.[12]

Tenure

During his time as president he actively pursued structural reform to modernize the Ecuadorian state and cut down wasteful bureaucratic spending.[13] The result was a significant reduction of government deficits and a thriving private sector. Durán-Ballén also led Ecuador into membership in the WTO, with negotiations being led by his subsecretary of Foreign Affairs, Patricio Izurieta Mora-Bowen.[6] The admission to the WTO had a significant impact on the country's political institutions and export competitiveness.[6]

In 1995, Ballén proved to be one of Ecuador's most successful war-time leaders when his determined leadership united a divided country under the theme Ni un paso atras which means "not a single step backwards" during the Cenepa War with Peru.[12] His last years as president, he focused on the resolution of the Cenepa War.[14]

Post-presidency (1996-2016)

After his presidency, was elected deputy by Pichincha in 1998. Between 2001 and 2003, he served as an ambassador in London.[15]

In 2005, he wrote an autobiography titled A mi manera... Los años de Carondelet and edited by the publisher of the Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar. In 2006, he appeared as a candidate for the Andean Parliament by the Christian Democratic Union, but was not elected.[16]

Ballen died at his home in Quito on the night of November 15, 2016 at the age of 95.[17]

Legacy

His term was also characterized by continued political stalemate with a Congress led by his former party. It spearheaded many of the corruption allegations against his administration and members of his family, accused of illicit enrichment, in cases such as "Flores y Miel" ("Flowers and Honey").[12] The impeachment of his Vice President Alberto Dahik, for allegedly using public funds illicitly, further weakened his stance.[18]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Tormenta en el partido social cristiano". Explored.com.ec. Retrieved September 20, 2015. Template:Es
  2. ^ a b "Presidente Duran-Ballen atento en su oficina". Expolred.com. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  3. ^ "El libro que resume la bitácora arquitectónica de Sixto Durán-Ballén". El Comercio.com. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  4. ^ "Hace 20 años fue el conflicto del Alto Cenepa". El Universo.com. January 26, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. Template:Es
  5. ^ Sixto Duran Ballen at hipecuador.htm Template:Es
  6. ^ a b c Sixto Duran Ballen by CIDOB.org
  7. ^ Catherine M. Conaghan. "Unsettling Statecraft: Democracy and Neoliberalism in the Central Andes". Retrieved November 16, 2016.
  8. ^ James Brooke (December 4, 1994). "The World; Latin Leaders Speak Gringo". Retrieved November 16, 2016.
  9. ^ Morrisson, Christian (ed.) (1994), The Political Feasibility of Adjustment in Ecuador and Venezuela, OECD Publications Centre, p. 44 {{citation}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  10. ^ "Ideario y estructura de Union Republicana". Explored.com. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  11. ^ "Partido conservador y unidad republicana mantienen una alianza y no una adhe". Explored.com. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  12. ^ a b c "Sixto Durán Ballén". Buscabiografias.com. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  13. ^ "Sixto Duran Ballen". Britannica.com. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  14. ^ "Sixto Durán no se arrepiente del 'Ni un paso atrás'". La Republica.ec. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  15. ^ "El Parlamento Andino no tiene facultad legislativa". La Hora. October 6, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2016. Template:Es
  16. ^ "Sánchez preside el Parlamento Andino". El Universo. October 7, 2007. Retrieved 21 September 2016.Template:Es
  17. ^ "Falleció en Quito el expresidente Sixto Durán Ballén". El Universo.com. November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2016. Template:Es
  18. ^ "Sixto el Maleifico de la corrupcion". Explored.com. Retrieved September 20, 2015.

External links

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Preceded by President of Ecuador
1992-1996 		Succeeded by
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