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|fail = 2
|fail = 2
|first=5 April 2009<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/unha.htm|title=Unha ("Taepodong-2")|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|work=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=19 April 2012}}</ref>
|first=5 April 2009<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/unha.htm|title=Unha ("Taepodong-2")|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|work=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=19 April 2012}}</ref>
|stagedata =
⚫
|stage1engines = 4 Nodong 2-1<ref name=ucs-20130222/>
{{Infobox Rocket/Stage
⚫
|stage1thrust = 1100 kN<ref name=ucs-20130222/>
|type = stage
⚫
|stage1time = 120 seconds<ref name="Wright">{{cite web|url=http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nwgs/Wright-Analysis-of-NK-launcher-3-18-09.pdf|title=An Analysis of North Korea's Unha-2 Launch Vehicle|author=David Wright|publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists|format=PDF|date=March 20, 2009|accessdate=January 23, 2013}}</ref>
|stageno = First
⚫
|stage1SI = 252 sec<ref name="Wright"/>
⚫
|engines = 4 Nodong 2-1<ref name=ucs-20130222/>
⚫
|stage1fuel = [[Red fuming nitric acid|IRFNA]] / [[UDMH]]
⚫
|thrust = 1100 kN<ref name=ucs-20130222/>
⚫
|stage1diameter = {{convert|2.4|m|abbr=on}}
⚫
|time = 120 seconds<ref name="Wright">{{cite web|url=http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nwgs/Wright-Analysis-of-NK-launcher-3-18-09.pdf|title=An Analysis of North Korea's Unha-2 Launch Vehicle|author=David Wright|publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists|format=PDF|date=March 20, 2009|accessdate=January 23, 2013}}</ref>
⚫
|stage2engines = unknown<ref name=ucs-20130222/>
⚫
|SI = 252 sec<ref name="Wright"/>
⚫
|stage2thrust = 250 kN{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}
⚫
|fuel = [[Red fuming nitric acid|IRFNA]] / [[UDMH]]
⚫
|stage2SI = 255 s<ref name="Wright"/>
⚫
|diameter = {{convert|2.4|m|abbr=on}}
⚫
|stage2time = 110 seconds<ref name="Wright"/>
}}
⚫
|stage2fuel = IRFNA / UDMH
{{Infobox Rocket/Stage
⚫
|stage2diameter = {{convert|1.5|m|abbr=on}}
|type = stage
|stage3engines = unknown<ref name=ucs-20130222/>
|stageno = Second
⚫
|stage3thrust = 54 kN{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}
|stage3SI = 230 sec<ref name="Wright"/>
|engines = unknown<ref name=ucs-20130222/>
⚫
|thrust = 250 kN{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}
⚫
|stage3time = 40 seconds<ref name="Wright"/>
⚫
|SI = 255 s<ref name="Wright"/>
⚫
|stage3fuel = LOX/RP2
⚫
|time = 110 seconds<ref name="Wright"/>
⚫
|stage3diameter = {{convert|1.2|m|abbr=on}}
⚫
|fuel = IRFNA / UDMH
⚫
|diameter = {{convert|1.5|m|abbr=on}}
}}
{{Infobox Rocket/Stage
|type = stage
|stageno = Third
⚫
|engines = unknown<ref name=ucs-20130222/>
⚫
|thrust = 54 kN{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}
|SI = 230 sec<ref name="Wright"/>
⚫
|time = 40 seconds<ref name="Wright"/>
⚫
|fuel = LOX/RP2
⚫
|diameter = {{convert|1.2|m|abbr=on}}
}}
}}
}}

The '''Unha''' or '''Eunha''' ({{lang-ko|은하, 銀河}}, "Galaxy")<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE52C1NG20090313|title=FACTBOX: North Korea's Taepodong-2 long-range missile|date=2009-03-13|publisher=Reuters|pages=
The '''Unha''' or '''Eunha''' ({{lang-ko|은하, 銀河}}, "Galaxy")<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE52C1NG20090313|title=FACTBOX: North Korea's Taepodong-2 long-range missile|date=2009-03-13|publisher=Reuters|pages=
|accessdate=2009-03-30 | first=Jack | last=Kim}}</ref> is a [[North Korea]]n [[expendable launch system|expendable]] [[launch vehicle|carrier rocket]], which partially utilizes the same delivery system as the [[Taepodong-2]] long-range [[ballistic missile]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g5bCbd3G8qFoX7H4TvQbUWvBQ08QD975MUDO0|title =North Korea positions rocket for April liftoff |publisher= [[Associated Press|AP]]|date=2009-03-27|accessdate=2009-03-28|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090329215507/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g5bCbd3G8qFoX7H4TvQbUWvBQ08QD975MUDO0|archivedate=2009-03-29}}</ref>
|accessdate=2009-03-30 | first=Jack | last=Kim}}</ref> is a [[North Korea]]n [[expendable launch system|expendable]] [[launch vehicle|carrier rocket]], which partially utilizes the same delivery system as the [[Taepodong-2]] long-range [[ballistic missile]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g5bCbd3G8qFoX7H4TvQbUWvBQ08QD975MUDO0|title =North Korea positions rocket for April liftoff |publisher= [[Associated Press|AP]]|date=2009-03-27|accessdate=2009-03-28|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090329215507/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g5bCbd3G8qFoX7H4TvQbUWvBQ08QD975MUDO0|archivedate=2009-03-29}}</ref>

Revision as of 06:35, 5 March 2016

Unha
Unha-3 at launch pad in April 2012
FunctionExpendable carrier rocket
ManufacturerKorean Committee of Space Technology
Country of originNorth Korea
Size
Height29.87 metres (98.0 ft)
Diameter2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in)
Mass89,000–91,000 kilograms (196,000–201,000 lb)
Stages3
Launch history
StatusActive
Launch sitesSohae, Tonghae
Total launches4
Success(es)2
Failure(s)2
First flight5 April 2009[1]
First stage
Diameter2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
Powered by4 Nodong 2-1[2]
Maximum thrust1100 kN[2]
Specific impulse252 sec[3]
PropellantIRFNA / UDMH
Second stage
Diameter1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)
Powered byunknown[2]
Maximum thrust250 kN[citation needed]
Specific impulse255 s[3]
PropellantIRFNA / UDMH
Third stage
Diameter1.2 m (3 ft 11 in)
Powered byunknown[2]
Maximum thrust54 kN[citation needed]
Specific impulse230 sec[3]
PropellantLOX/RP2
[edit on Wikidata]

The Unha or Eunha (Korean: 은하, 銀河, "Galaxy")[4] is a North Korean expendable carrier rocket, which partially utilizes the same delivery system as the Taepodong-2 long-range ballistic missile.[5]

History

North Korea's first orbital space launch attempt occurred on August 31, 1998 and was unsuccessful. This launch attempt was performed by a Paektusan-1 rocket, which used a solid motor third stage, a Scud-missile-based second stage, and a Rodong-1 based first stage. Rodong-1 was a North Korean-developed stage thought to be a scale-up of the old Soviet Scud missile. The Paektusan-1 stood 22.5 metres tall, was 1.8 metres in diameter, and weighed about 21 tonnes.

Vehicle description

Model of a Unha-9 rocket on display at a floral exhibition in Pyongyang.

The Unha's first stage consists of four clustered Nodong motors, which themselves are enlarged Scud motors. The second stage was initially thought to be based on the SS-N-6, although it, too, is now believed to be based on Scud technology.[2] The third and last stage might be identical to the Iranian Safir's second stage which is propelled by two small gimballed motors.[2][6]

Recent satellite images of the Sohae Satellite Launching Station showing an enlarged launch tower under construction indicate that an enlarged version, called Unha-X, might be under development, coupled with a North Korean propaganda poster showing such a vehicle.[7]

Unha
Chosŏn'gŭl
Hancha
Revised RomanizationEunha
McCune–ReischauerŬnha

Launch history

On 24 February 2009, North Korea announced that a Unha rocket would be used to launch the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 satellite.[8] According to the South Korean government, the launch took place on 5 April[9] from the Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground in Hwadae county.[10] Several countries, including South Korea, the U.S., and Japan, voiced concerns that the launch would violate United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718 which prohibits North Korea from testing ballistic missiles.[11] Russia also announced they urged North Korea to refrain from its planned rocket launch.[12]

On April 5, 2009 the Unha-2 rocket was launched at around 02:30 hours UTC (11:30 hours KST).[13] The U.S Northern Command said that the first stage of the rocket fell into the Sea of Japan, while the other rocket stages as well as the payload fell into the Pacific Ocean, and no object entered orbit.[14][15] Later analysis indicated the rocket impacted 2,390 miles (3,850 km) from the launch site, and that the second stage operated normally but the rocket's third stage failed to separate properly.[16] North Korea maintains that the rocket successfully put its payload in orbit.[17]

On December 12, 2012, the Unha-3 Unit-2 rocket was launched at 00:49 UTC (7:49 EST).[18] The U.S Northern Command said that the first stage of the rocket fell into the Yellow Sea, while the debris of the second stage was assessed to have fallen into the Philippine Sea and confirmed that the satellite had entered orbit.[19]

Designation Date Launch Site Payload Outcome
Unha-2 5 April 2009 Tonghae North Korea Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 Failure
Unha-3 13 April 2012 Sohae North Korea Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Failure[20]
Unha-3 12 December 2012[21][22] Sohae North Korea Second version of Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3[23] Success
Kwangmyŏngsŏng (Unha-3) 7 February 2016 Sohae North Korea Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4 Success

See also

References

  1. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Unha ("Taepodong-2")". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f David Wright (22 February 2013). "Markus Schiller's Analysis of North Korea's Unha-3 Launcher". All Things Nuclear. Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
  3. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Wright was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Kim, Jack (2009-03-13). "FACTBOX: North Korea's Taepodong-2 long-range missile". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-03-30.
  5. ^ "North Korea positions rocket for April liftoff". AP. 2009-03-27. Archived from the original on 2009-03-29. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
  6. ^ http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/post-launch-examination-of-the-unha-2
  7. ^ http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Unha-X/Description/Frame.htm
  8. ^ 朝鲜将发射"光明星二号"试验通讯卫星 (in Chinese). Xinhua. 2009-02-24. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
  9. ^ "North Korea fires long-range rocket: reports". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2009-04-05. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
  10. ^ "Kim tours rocket launch area". The Straits Times. 2009-02-26. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
  11. ^ "US Warns NK Not to Launch Rocket". The Korea Times. 2009-03-14. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
  12. ^ "Russia urges North Korea to refrain from rocket launch". Asiaone News. 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
  13. ^ "Defiant N Korea launches rocket". BBC News. April 5, 2009. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  14. ^ "NORAD and USNORTHCOM monitor North Korean launch" U.S. Northern Command News. April 5, 2009. Last accessed April 5, 2009.
  15. ^ Sang-Hun, Choe; Cooper, Helene; Sanger, David E. (2009-04-06). "North Korea Seeks Political Gain From Rocket Launch". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-07.
  16. ^ Craig Covault (10 April 2009). "North Korean rocket flew further than earlier thought". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
  17. ^ "TEXT-N.Korea says it successfully launched satellite" Reuters UK 5 April 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  18. ^ "North Korea carries out controversial rocket launch". CNN. December 12, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  19. ^ "North Korea Successfully Launches Satellite: Reports", SPACE.com, December 12, 2012 (accessed 24 Sept. 2014)
  20. ^ http://www.space.com/15258-north-korea-rocket-launch-fails.html
  21. ^ "North Korea fires long-range rocket in defiant move, South Korea says". Fox News. 2012-12-11. Retrieved 2012-12-11.
  22. ^ http://www.rfa.org/english/news/korea/delay-12102012141437.html
  23. ^ "North Korea announces rocket launch date". Al-Jazeera. 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2012-12-01.

External links

Wikinews has related news:
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Unha missiles.
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