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{{Infobox video game
{{Infobox video game
|title = Menace
| title = Menace
|image = Menace Coverart.png
| image = Menace Coverart.png
|caption = Cover art
| caption = ''Menace'' cover art, designed by Ian Craig
|developer = [[DMA Design]]
| developer = [[DMA Design]]
|publisher = [[Psygnosis]]
| publisher = [[Psygnosis]]
| designer = [[David Jones (video game developer)|David Jones]]
|designer =
| programmer = Russell Kay
⚫
|composer = [[David Whittaker (video game composer)|David Whittaker]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.javalemmings.com/DMA/DMA1_5.htm |title=The History of DMA - Chapter 1, part 5 |last=Dailly |first=Mike |publisher=Mike Dailly |date=2004 |accessdate=3 October 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6bzcyU5JN |archivedate=2 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>
| artist = Tony Smith
|released = 1988
| composer = [[David Whittaker (video game composer)|David Whittaker]]
⚫
|genre = [[Shoot 'em up#Scrolling shooters|Scrolling shooter]]
| released = '''Amiga'''<br>1988 <br />'''Atari ST''', '''C64''', '''DOS'''<br>1989
⚫
|modes = [[Single-player]]
⚫
| genre = [[Shoot 'em up#Scrolling shooters|Scrolling shooter]]
⚫
|platforms = [[Amiga]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]], [[DOS]]
⚫
| modes = [[Single-player]]
⚫
| platforms = [[Amiga]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]], [[DOS]]
}}
}}


'''''Menace''''' is a horizontal [[scrolling shooter]] game developed by [[DMA Design]] for the [[Amiga]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]] and [[DOS]]. The game has sold 20,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stanton|first1=Rich|title=The Making of Lemmings How DMA Design created a classic, and what happened next|url=http://readonlymemory.vg/the-making-of-lemmings/|website=Read-Only Memory|accessdate=21 September 2015|date=June 2015}}</ref>
'''''Menace''''' is a [[Side-scrolling video game|side-scrolling]] video game developed by [[DMA Design]]. It was published by [[Psygnosis]] in 1988 for the [[Amiga]], and in 1989 for the [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]] and [[DOS]]. The game is set on the planet of Draconia, where players are tasked with destroying the planet's defense mechanisms in order to kill the harmful creatures.


The game was designed by [[David Jones (video game developer)|David Jones]], and was the first game developed by his company DMA Design. First developed in his bedroom at his parents' house, Jones began seeking an official development studio and publisher when the game was nearing completion. He eventually settled upon a development deal with Psygnosis, who first published the game in 1988 to positive reviews; praise was given to the game's graphics, sound and gameplay, while criticism was directed at its ports to inferior hardware. The game was also commercially successful, selling over 20,000 copies.
==Plot==
Taking place in an alien galaxy, a group of planetary dictators are banished from their home planets for their megalomaniac crimes and rally together to plot their revenge. Using their combined forces and intelligence, the dictators construct Draconia, an artificial planet designed to grow and reproduce violent creatures and machines willing to follow their every command. Draconia, as well as its creators goals, are soon discovered and it becomes the player's responsibility to stop the dictator's plans: the mission is to destroy six of the planet's living defense mechanisms, thus destroying Draconia.


==Gameplay==
==Gameplay==
[[Image:Menace gameplay screenshot.jpg|250px|thumb|left|In the game, players control a space fighter and defend against enemies, who attempt to lower the fighter's shields.]]
The player controls a powerful alien space fighter through six stages on Draconia. The player's ship has an energy meter, so the player ship can take more than one hit. The player empowers the ship's weapon strength and firing pattern by picking up power-up icons as well as obtaining Outriders (essentially Options) to increase firepower. However, the firepower upgrades are not permanent as their strength will degrade with use. The player has to continually fire at the power-ups in order for the item to change.


''Menace'' is a horizontal [[Side-scrolling video game|side-scrolling]] [[Shoot 'em up|shooter]] that uses [[2D computer graphics]]. Players control a powerful alien space fighter, moving through six stages on the planet of Draconia to advance through the game. Players use the ship's weaponry to attack all advancing enemies, and destroy six of Draconia's living defense mechanisms—the planet was created to habituate gruesome and harmful creatures,<ref name="Emulator"/> of which there are over sixty,<ref name="STAmiga Review"/> participating in unlawful tasks. When enemies are destroyed, players receive tokens, which grant them additional weapons and upgrades, such as lasers, cannons, and improved ship and weapon power.<ref name="Emulator"/> The ship's energy meter allows it to take multiple attacks from enemies.
⚫
== References in other games ==
{{clear left}}
Graphics from ''Menace'' were featured in one special levels in the original ''[[Lemmings (video game)|Lemmings]]'' game (Amiga, Mega Drive, PC, Super Nintendo, and Atari ST versions), called "MENACING !!". These references were supported by cameo versions of the title music from each version, in this case both pieces were arranged by [[Tim Wright (musician)|Tim Wright]].


== Development and release ==
==References==
[[DMA Design]] was founded in 1987 by [[David Jones (video game developer)|David Jones]], Russell Kay, Steve Hammond and [[Mike Dailly (game designer)|Mike Dailly]], in [[Dundee]], Scotland. Originally working under the name Acme Software, they began developing games for the [[Commodore 64]] and [[Amiga]]. Jones began developing ''Menace'' under the working title ''CopperCon1'', in his bedroom at his parents' house.<ref name="History 1.1"/> He was attending the [[Abertay University|Dundee Institute of Technology]] at the time. To publish the game in 1988, Jones first approached [[Hewson Consultants]], where [[Andrew Braybrook]] played and recommended the game. When Jones was informed that Hewson wanted the game to be the "Amiga version of ''[[Zynaps]]''", he realised that sales would be limited, and refused to sign the contract; despite this, Hewson had already promoted the game in ''[[Popular Computing Weekly]]'', before the deal was officially dropped.<ref name="History 1.3"/> After signing a publishing deal with [[Psygnosis]], Acme Software was renamed DMA Design.<ref name="History 1.4"/>
⚫
{{reflist}}


Tony Smith worked on some of the game's backgrounds and graphics,<ref name="History 1.3"/> while Jones designed the levels.<ref name="History 1.4"/> Jones decided for ''Menace'' to be a side-scrolling game after playing arcade games such as ''[[Gradius (video game)|Nemesis]]'' (1985) and ''[[R-Type]]'' (1987).<ref name="Catch Up"/> Psygnosis could not decide a preference for the design of the player ship; as a result, Smith often re-designed the ship with many variations.<ref name="History 1.4"/>
==External links==
The team found difficulty porting the game to the [[Atari ST]], due to the hardware's limitations with smooth scrolling. Brian "Biscuit" Watson, who the team met at a computer club in 1984, discovered a technique to overcome this difficulty. Other limitations included the fewer colours available with the hardware; Smith adapted his designs accordingly.<ref name="History 1.4"/> During development, the sound effects were temporarily replaced with those from ''[[Salamander (video game)|Salamander]]'' (1986); Jones recorded the sound effects from the game, as Hammond and Dailly played. Prior to this, the temporary sound effects consisted of noises by Jones.<ref name="History 1.3"/> The game's final sound effects were designed by musician [[David Whittaker (video game composer)|David Whittaker]].<ref name="History 1.5"/> The cover art was designed by Ian Craig.<ref>{{citation |title=Menace ''Instruction Booklet'' |editor=[[DMA Design]] |publisher=[[Psygnosis]] |location=[[Liverpool]] |year=1989 |page=2 }}</ref>
*{{moby game|id=/menace|name=Menace}}

At the end of development, the game was known as ''Draconia'', before being renamed to ''Menace'' shortly before release, upon discovering that another game had the same title. It was published in 1988 for the [[Amiga]], 1989 for the [[Commodore 64]] and [[DOS]], and 1991 for the [[Atari ST]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.psygnosis.org/games/menace/ |title=Menace |publisher=[[Psygnosis]] |accessdate=4 October 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6c1oNKotW |archivedate=4 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref> The game generated a considerable amount of money for DMA Design,<ref name="History 1.5"/> allowing the company to develop more games.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dmadesign.net/manual-override/scottish-games-net-1st-column/ |title=Scottish Games NET 1st Column |last=Hammond |first=Steve |publisher=Steve Hammond |accessdate=3 October 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6c02pbYtd |archivedate=3 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref> The game sold 20,000 copies,<ref name="History 4.1"/> reportedly generating around £20,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/video-games/video-games-news/grand-theft-auto-v-games-2275673 |title=Grand Theft Auto V: Games visionary behind Scotland's biggest cultural export |work=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]] |publisher=[[Trinity Mirror]] |date=17 September 2013 |accessdate=3 October 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6c0BYwbWi |archivedate=3 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>

== Reception ==
{{Video game reviews
| CVG = (ST) 73%<ref name="CVG Review">{{cite journal |title=Menace |page=40 |journal=[[Computer and Video Games]] |issue=87 |date=November 1988 |last=Brennan |first=Ciaran |editor-last=Lacey |editor-first=Eugene |publisher=[[Future plc]] |url=http://archive.org/stream/cvg-magazine-087/CVG_087_Jan_1989#page/n39/mode/1up |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6c0Q6Ckwx |archivedate=3 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>
| rev1 = ''[[ACE (games magazine)|ACE]]''
| rev1Score = (AMI) 678/1000<ref name="ACE Review AMI">{{cite journal |title=Menace |page=53 |journal=[[ACE (games magazine)|ACE]] |issue=15 |date=December 1988 |last=Lawton |first=Rod |editor-last1=Cooke |editor-first1=Steve |editor-last2=Kidd |editor-first2=Graeme |publisher=[[Future plc]] |url=http://archive.org/stream/ace-magazine-15/ACE_Issue_15_1988_Dec#page/n52/mode/1up }}</ref><br />(PC) 625/1000<ref name="ACE Review PC">{{cite journal |title=Menace |page=98 |journal=[[ACE (games magazine)|ACE]] |issue=26 |date=November 1989 |editor-last=Cooke |editor-first=Steve |publisher=[[Future plc]] |url=http://archive.org/stream/ace-magazine-26/ACE_Issue_26_1989_Nov#page/n97/mode/1up }}</ref>
| rev2 = ''[[The Games Machine]]''
| rev2Score = (AMI) 78%<ref name="TGM Review AMI">{{cite journal |title=Menace Spring Again... |page=76 |journal=[[The Games Machine]] |issue=13 |date=December 1988 |editor-last=Rose |editor-first=Jon |publisher=[[Newsfield|Newsfield Publications]] |url=http://archive.org/stream/thegamesmachine-magazine-13/TheGamesMachine_13#page/n75/mode/1up }}</ref><br />(PC) 78%<ref name="TGM Review PC">{{cite journal |title=Version Updates: Menace |page=85 |journal=[[The Games Machine]] |issue=24 |date=November 1989 |editor-last=Kean |editor-first=Roger |publisher=[[Newsfield|Newsfield Publications]] |url=http://archive.org/stream/the-games-machine-24/TheGamesMachine24#page/n84/mode/1up }}</ref><br />(ST) 75%<ref name="TGM Review ST">{{cite journal |title=Menace: Version Update |page=28 |journal=[[The Games Machine]] |issue=15 |date=February 1989 |editor-last=Rose |editor-first=Jon |publisher=[[Newsfield|Newsfield Publications]] |url=http://archive.org/stream/thegamesmachine-magazine-15/TheGamesMachine_15#page/n27/mode/1up }}</ref>
| rev3 = ''[[ST/Amiga Format]]''
| rev3Score = (AMI) 90%<ref name="STAmiga Review">{{cite journal |title=Menace |page=48–49 |journal=[[ST/Amiga Format]] |issue=5 |date=November 1988 |last=Holborn |first=Jason |editor-last1=Taylor |editor-first1=Ben |editor-last2=Williams |editor-first2=Simon |publisher=[[Future plc]] |url=http://www.atarimania.com/mags/pdf/st-amiga-format-issue-05.pdf }}</ref>
| rev4 = ''[[Zzap!64]]''
| rev4Score = (C64) 49%<ref name="Zzap Review">{{cite journal |title=Menace |page=20–21 |journal=[[Zzap!64]] |issue=47 |date=March 1989 |last1=Hamza |first1=Kati |last2=Evans |first2=Maff |editor-last=Houghton |editor-first=Gordon |publisher=[[Newsfield|Newsfield Publications]] |url=http://www.zzap64.co.uk/cgi-bin/displaypage.pl?issue=047&page=020&magazine=zzap }}</ref>
}}
The game received mostly positive reviews from critics upon release, particularly for its polished gameplay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ign.com/articles/2013/05/06/ign-presents-the-history-of-grand-theft-auto-2 |title=IGN Presents The History of Grand Theft Auto |last1=McLaughlin |first=Rus |last2=Thomas |first2=Lucas M. |publisher=[[IGN]]. [[Ziff Davis]] |date=6 May 2013 |accessdate=4 October 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6c0M8O61c |archivedate=3 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref> Jason Holborn of ''[[ST/Amiga Format]]'' wrote that the game "provides some of the best arcade action" on an Amiga game.<ref name="STAmiga Review"/>

Holborn of ''ST/Amiga Format'' called the gameplay "exceptional" and "addictive", stating that players will be "hooked for hours on end".<ref name="STAmiga Review"/> Ciaran Brennan of ''[[Computer and Video Games]]'' praised its replayability, writing that it has "enough depth built in to make it last".<ref name="CVG Review"/> Conversely, ''[[Zzap!64]]''{{'}}s Kati Hamza wrote that the gameplay is "rather poor", disliking the pace and level design, and Maff Evans in the same review called it "dull and unrewarding", pointing out the lack of excitement and reward.<ref name="Zzap Review"/> ''[[The Games Machine]]'' condemned the "jerky scrolling" of the PC version,<ref name="TGM Review PC"/> while Rod Lawton of ''[[ACE (magazine)|ACE]]'' called the gameplay of the Amiga version "stubbornly 8-bit".<ref name="ACE Review AMI"/>

The game's graphics received positive reactions. Lawton of ''ACE'' called them "attractive",<ref name="ACE Review PC"/> and Holborn of ''ST/Amiga Format'' named them "beautifully stomach churning", calling ''Menace'' "one of the best presented games available".<ref name="STAmiga Review"/> While ''Zzap!64''{{'}}s Hamza felt that the Amiga version was "blessed with nice graphics", she wrote that the Commodore 64 version has "surprisingly weak presentation"; Evans similarly called the graphics "half-baked".<ref name="Zzap Review"/> ''The Games Machine'' was disappointed by the graphics,<ref name="TGM Review AMI"/> particularly identifying the limited colour capabilities of the Atari ST version.<ref name="TGM Review ST"/>

Reviewers praised the game's use of sound. ''ST/Amiga Format''{{'}}s Holborn lauded the soundtrack's appropriation to gameplay, calling it "brilliant", and writing that the game's speech and sound effects enhance the feel of the game.<ref name="STAmiga Review"/> ''The Games Machine'' favorably compared the soundtrack to ''[[Xenon (video game)|Xenon]]'' (1988),<ref name="TGM Review AMI"/> however noted that the sounds in the Amiga ST version are "less clear",<ref name="TGM Review ST"/> and the PC sound effects are "pathetic".<ref name="TGM Review PC"/> ''Zzap!64'' called the soundtrack "average", and wrote that the "pathetic [sound] effects add little atmosphere".<ref name="Zzap Review"/>

⚫
== References ==
⚫
{{reflist|2|refs=

<ref name="Catch Up">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/103142/Playing_Catch_Up_GTALemmings_Dave_Jones.php |title=Playing Catch Up: GTA/Lemmings' Dave Jones |last=Wallis |first=Alistair |work=[[Gamasutra]] |publisher=[[UBM plc]] |date=21 December 2006 |accessdate=3 October 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6c09jFNRU |archivedate=3 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Emulator">{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/msdos_Menace_1989 |title=Menace : DMA Design Limited : Free Streaming |work=Archive.org |publisher=[[Internet Archive]] |date=28 December 2014 |accessdate=3 October 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6c0KKsnZ5 |archivedate=3 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>

<ref name="History 1.1">{{cite web |url=http://www.javalemmings.com/DMA/DMA1_1.htm |title=The History of DMA - Chapter 1, part 1 |last=Dailly |first=Mike |authorlink=Mike Dailly (game designer) |publisher=[[Mike Dailly (game designer)|Mike Dailly]] |date=2004 |accessdate=3 October 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6bzyhX0CS |archivedate=3 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>
<ref name="History 1.3">{{cite web |url=http://www.javalemmings.com/DMA/DMA1_3.htm |title=The History of DMA - Chapter 1, part 3 |last=Dailly |first=Mike |authorlink=Mike Dailly (game designer) |publisher=[[Mike Dailly (game designer)|Mike Dailly]] |date=2004 |accessdate=3 October 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6bzbPCvOm |archivedate=2 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>
<ref name="History 1.4">{{cite web |url=http://www.javalemmings.com/DMA/DMA1_4.htm |title=The History of DMA - Chapter 1, part 4 |last=Dailly |first=Mike |authorlink=Mike Dailly (game designer) |publisher=[[Mike Dailly (game designer)|Mike Dailly]] |date=2004 |accessdate=3 October 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6bzcplnSH |archivedate=2 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>
⚫
<ref name="History 1.5">{{cite web |url=http://www.javalemmings.com/DMA/DMA1_5.htm |title=The History of DMA - Chapter 1, part 5 |last=Dailly |first=Mike |authorlink=Mike Dailly (game designer) |publisher=[[Mike Dailly (game designer)|Mike Dailly]] |date=2004 |accessdate=3 October 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6bzcyU5JN |archivedate=2 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>

<ref name="History 4.1">{{cite web |url=http://www.javalemmings.com/DMA/DMA4_1.htm |title=The History of DMA - Chapter 4, part 1 |last=Dailly |first=Mike |authorlink=Mike Dailly (game designer) |publisher=[[Mike Dailly (game designer)|Mike Dailly]] |date=2004 |accessdate=3 October 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6c0CDd25p |archivedate=3 October 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>
}}

{{DMA Design}}


[[Category:1988 video games]]
[[Category:1988 video games]]

Revision as of 14:38, 4 October 2015

Menace
Menace cover art, designed by Ian Craig
Developer(s)DMA Design
Publisher(s)Psygnosis
Designer(s)David Jones
Programmer(s)Russell Kay
Artist(s)Tony Smith
Composer(s)David Whittaker
Platform(s)Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64, DOS
ReleaseAmiga
1988
Atari ST, C64, DOS
1989
Genre(s)Scrolling shooter
Mode(s)Single-player

Menace is a side-scrolling video game developed by DMA Design. It was published by Psygnosis in 1988 for the Amiga, and in 1989 for the Atari ST, Commodore 64 and DOS. The game is set on the planet of Draconia, where players are tasked with destroying the planet's defense mechanisms in order to kill the harmful creatures.

The game was designed by David Jones, and was the first game developed by his company DMA Design. First developed in his bedroom at his parents' house, Jones began seeking an official development studio and publisher when the game was nearing completion. He eventually settled upon a development deal with Psygnosis, who first published the game in 1988 to positive reviews; praise was given to the game's graphics, sound and gameplay, while criticism was directed at its ports to inferior hardware. The game was also commercially successful, selling over 20,000 copies.

Gameplay

In the game, players control a space fighter and defend against enemies, who attempt to lower the fighter's shields.

Menace is a horizontal side-scrolling shooter that uses 2D computer graphics. Players control a powerful alien space fighter, moving through six stages on the planet of Draconia to advance through the game. Players use the ship's weaponry to attack all advancing enemies, and destroy six of Draconia's living defense mechanisms—the planet was created to habituate gruesome and harmful creatures,[1] of which there are over sixty,[2] participating in unlawful tasks. When enemies are destroyed, players receive tokens, which grant them additional weapons and upgrades, such as lasers, cannons, and improved ship and weapon power.[1] The ship's energy meter allows it to take multiple attacks from enemies.

Development and release

DMA Design was founded in 1987 by David Jones, Russell Kay, Steve Hammond and Mike Dailly, in Dundee, Scotland. Originally working under the name Acme Software, they began developing games for the Commodore 64 and Amiga. Jones began developing Menace under the working title CopperCon1, in his bedroom at his parents' house.[3] He was attending the Dundee Institute of Technology at the time. To publish the game in 1988, Jones first approached Hewson Consultants, where Andrew Braybrook played and recommended the game. When Jones was informed that Hewson wanted the game to be the "Amiga version of Zynaps", he realised that sales would be limited, and refused to sign the contract; despite this, Hewson had already promoted the game in Popular Computing Weekly, before the deal was officially dropped.[4] After signing a publishing deal with Psygnosis, Acme Software was renamed DMA Design.[5]

Tony Smith worked on some of the game's backgrounds and graphics,[4] while Jones designed the levels.[5] Jones decided for Menace to be a side-scrolling game after playing arcade games such as Nemesis (1985) and R-Type (1987).[6] Psygnosis could not decide a preference for the design of the player ship; as a result, Smith often re-designed the ship with many variations.[5] The team found difficulty porting the game to the Atari ST, due to the hardware's limitations with smooth scrolling. Brian "Biscuit" Watson, who the team met at a computer club in 1984, discovered a technique to overcome this difficulty. Other limitations included the fewer colours available with the hardware; Smith adapted his designs accordingly.[5] During development, the sound effects were temporarily replaced with those from Salamander (1986); Jones recorded the sound effects from the game, as Hammond and Dailly played. Prior to this, the temporary sound effects consisted of noises by Jones.[4] The game's final sound effects were designed by musician David Whittaker.[7] The cover art was designed by Ian Craig.[8]

At the end of development, the game was known as Draconia, before being renamed to Menace shortly before release, upon discovering that another game had the same title. It was published in 1988 for the Amiga, 1989 for the Commodore 64 and DOS, and 1991 for the Atari ST.[9] The game generated a considerable amount of money for DMA Design,[7] allowing the company to develop more games.[10] The game sold 20,000 copies,[11] reportedly generating around £20,000.[12]

Reception

The game received mostly positive reviews from critics upon release, particularly for its polished gameplay.[20] Jason Holborn of ST/Amiga Format wrote that the game "provides some of the best arcade action" on an Amiga game.[2]

Holborn of ST/Amiga Format called the gameplay "exceptional" and "addictive", stating that players will be "hooked for hours on end".[2] Ciaran Brennan of Computer and Video Games praised its replayability, writing that it has "enough depth built in to make it last".[13] Conversely, Zzap!64's Kati Hamza wrote that the gameplay is "rather poor", disliking the pace and level design, and Maff Evans in the same review called it "dull and unrewarding", pointing out the lack of excitement and reward.[19] The Games Machine condemned the "jerky scrolling" of the PC version,[17] while Rod Lawton of ACE called the gameplay of the Amiga version "stubbornly 8-bit".[14]

The game's graphics received positive reactions. Lawton of ACE called them "attractive",[15] and Holborn of ST/Amiga Format named them "beautifully stomach churning", calling Menace "one of the best presented games available".[2] While Zzap!64's Hamza felt that the Amiga version was "blessed with nice graphics", she wrote that the Commodore 64 version has "surprisingly weak presentation"; Evans similarly called the graphics "half-baked".[19] The Games Machine was disappointed by the graphics,[16] particularly identifying the limited colour capabilities of the Atari ST version.[18]

Reviewers praised the game's use of sound. ST/Amiga Format's Holborn lauded the soundtrack's appropriation to gameplay, calling it "brilliant", and writing that the game's speech and sound effects enhance the feel of the game.[2] The Games Machine favorably compared the soundtrack to Xenon (1988),[16] however noted that the sounds in the Amiga ST version are "less clear",[18] and the PC sound effects are "pathetic".[17] Zzap!64 called the soundtrack "average", and wrote that the "pathetic [sound] effects add little atmosphere".[19]

References

  1. ^ a b "Menace : DMA Design Limited : Free Streaming". Archive.org. Internet Archive. 28 December 2014. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f Holborn, Jason (November 1988). Taylor, Ben; Williams, Simon (eds.). "Menace" (PDF). ST/Amiga Format (5). Future plc: 48–49.
  3. ^ Dailly, Mike (2004). "The History of DMA - Chapter 1, part 1". Mike Dailly. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b c Dailly, Mike (2004). "The History of DMA - Chapter 1, part 3". Mike Dailly. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b c d Dailly, Mike (2004). "The History of DMA - Chapter 1, part 4". Mike Dailly. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Wallis, Alistair (21 December 2006). "Playing Catch Up: GTA/Lemmings' Dave Jones". Gamasutra. UBM plc. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ a b Dailly, Mike (2004). "The History of DMA - Chapter 1, part 5". Mike Dailly. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ DMA Design, ed. (1989), Menace Instruction Booklet, Liverpool: Psygnosis, p. 2
  9. ^ "Menace". Psygnosis. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Hammond, Steve. "Scottish Games NET 1st Column". Steve Hammond. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Dailly, Mike (2004). "The History of DMA - Chapter 4, part 1". Mike Dailly. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "Grand Theft Auto V: Games visionary behind Scotland's biggest cultural export". Daily Record. Trinity Mirror. 17 September 2013. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ a b Brennan, Ciaran (November 1988). Lacey, Eugene (ed.). "Menace". Computer and Video Games (87). Future plc: 40. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ a b Lawton, Rod (December 1988). Cooke, Steve; Kidd, Graeme (eds.). "Menace". ACE (15). Future plc: 53.
  15. ^ a b Cooke, Steve, ed. (November 1989). "Menace". ACE (26). Future plc: 98.
  16. ^ a b c Rose, Jon, ed. (December 1988). "Menace Spring Again..." The Games Machine (13). Newsfield Publications: 76.
  17. ^ a b c Kean, Roger, ed. (November 1989). "Version Updates: Menace". The Games Machine (24). Newsfield Publications: 85.
  18. ^ a b c Rose, Jon, ed. (February 1989). "Menace: Version Update". The Games Machine (15). Newsfield Publications: 28.
  19. ^ a b c d Hamza, Kati; Evans, Maff (March 1989). Houghton, Gordon (ed.). "Menace". Zzap!64 (47). Newsfield Publications: 20–21.
  20. ^ McLaughlin, Rus; Thomas, Lucas M. (6 May 2013). "IGN Presents The History of Grand Theft Auto". IGN. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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